Reform Parser (#509)

Just's first parser performed both parsing, i.e the transformation of a
token stream according to the language grammar, and a number of consistency
checks and analysis passes.

This made parsing and analysis quite complex, so this diff introduces a
new, much cleaner `Parser`, and moves existing analysis into a dedicated
`Analyzer`.

justfile

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ sloc:
 	! grep --color -En '.{101}' src/*.rs
 
 replace FROM TO:
-	sd -i '{{FROM}}' '{{TO}}' src/*.rs
+	sd '{{FROM}}' '{{TO}}' src/*.rs
 
 test-quine:
 	cargo run -- quine

src/alias.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,35 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+/// An alias, e.g. `name := target`
-pub(crate) struct Alias<'a> {
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-  pub(crate) name: &'a str,
+pub(crate) struct Alias<'src> {
-  pub(crate) target: &'a str,
+  pub(crate) name: Name<'src>,
-  pub(crate) line_number: usize,
+  pub(crate) target: Name<'src>,
-  pub(crate) private: bool,
+}
+
+impl Alias<'_> {
+  pub(crate) fn is_private(&self) -> bool {
+    self.name.lexeme().starts_with('_')
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn line_number(&self) -> usize {
+    self.name.line
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Keyed<'src> for Alias<'src> {
+  fn key(&self) -> &'src str {
+    self.name.lexeme()
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Display for Alias<'a> {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-    write!(f, "alias {} := {}", self.name, self.target)
+    write!(
+      f,
+      "alias {} := {}",
+      self.name.lexeme(),
+      self.target.lexeme()
+    )
   }
 }

src/alias_resolver.rs

@@ -7,20 +7,14 @@ where
 {
   aliases: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Alias<'a>>,
   recipes: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Recipe<'a>>,
-  alias_tokens: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Token<'a>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a: 'b, 'b> AliasResolver<'a, 'b> {
   pub(crate) fn resolve_aliases(
     aliases: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Alias<'a>>,
     recipes: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Recipe<'a>>,
-    alias_tokens: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Token<'a>>,
   ) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
-    let resolver = AliasResolver {
+    let resolver = AliasResolver { aliases, recipes };
-      aliases,
-      recipes,
-      alias_tokens,
-    };
 
     resolver.resolve()?;
 
@@ -36,20 +30,20 @@ impl<'a: 'b, 'b> AliasResolver<'a, 'b> {
   }
 
   fn resolve_alias(&self, alias: &Alias<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
-    let token = self.alias_tokens.get(&alias.name).unwrap();
+    let token = alias.name.token();
     // Make sure the alias doesn't conflict with any recipe
-    if let Some(recipe) = self.recipes.get(alias.name) {
+    if let Some(recipe) = self.recipes.get(alias.name.lexeme()) {
       return Err(token.error(AliasShadowsRecipe {
-        alias: alias.name,
+        alias: alias.name.lexeme(),
-        recipe_line: recipe.line_number,
+        recipe_line: recipe.line_number(),
       }));
     }
 
     // Make sure the target recipe exists
-    if self.recipes.get(alias.target).is_none() {
+    if self.recipes.get(alias.target.lexeme()).is_none() {
       return Err(token.error(UnknownAliasTarget {
-        alias: alias.name,
+        alias: alias.name.lexeme(),
-        target: alias.target,
+        target: alias.target.lexeme(),
       }));
     }
 

src/analyzer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+use CompilationErrorKind::*;
+
+pub(crate) struct Analyzer<'a> {
+  recipes: Table<'a, Recipe<'a>>,
+  assignments: Table<'a, Assignment<'a>>,
+  aliases: Table<'a, Alias<'a>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Analyzer<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn analyze(module: Module<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, Justfile> {
+    let analyzer = Analyzer::new();
+
+    analyzer.justfile(module)
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn new() -> Analyzer<'a> {
+    Analyzer {
+      recipes: empty(),
+      assignments: empty(),
+      aliases: empty(),
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn justfile(mut self, module: Module<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, Justfile<'a>> {
+    for item in module.items {
+      match item {
+        Item::Alias(alias) => {
+          self.analyze_alias(&alias)?;
+          self.aliases.insert(alias);
+        }
+        Item::Assignment(assignment) => {
+          self.analyze_assignment(&assignment)?;
+          self.assignments.insert(assignment);
+        }
+        Item::Recipe(recipe) => {
+          self.analyze_recipe(&recipe)?;
+          self.recipes.insert(recipe);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    let recipes = self.recipes;
+    let assignments = self.assignments;
+    let aliases = self.aliases;
+
+    AssignmentResolver::resolve_assignments(&assignments)?;
+
+    RecipeResolver::resolve_recipes(&recipes, &assignments)?;
+
+    for recipe in recipes.values() {
+      for parameter in &recipe.parameters {
+        if assignments.contains_key(parameter.name.lexeme()) {
+          return Err(parameter.name.token().error(ParameterShadowsVariable {
+            parameter: parameter.name.lexeme(),
+          }));
+        }
+      }
+
+      for dependency in &recipe.dependencies {
+        if !recipes[dependency.lexeme()].parameters.is_empty() {
+          return Err(dependency.error(DependencyHasParameters {
+            recipe: recipe.name(),
+            dependency: dependency.lexeme(),
+          }));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    AliasResolver::resolve_aliases(&aliases, &recipes)?;
+
+    Ok(Justfile {
+      warnings: module.warnings,
+      recipes,
+      assignments,
+      aliases,
+    })
+  }
+
+  fn analyze_recipe(&self, recipe: &Recipe<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
+    if let Some(original) = self.recipes.get(recipe.name.lexeme()) {
+      return Err(recipe.name.token().error(DuplicateRecipe {
+        recipe: original.name(),
+        first: original.line_number(),
+      }));
+    }
+
+    let mut parameters = BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut passed_default = false;
+
+    for parameter in &recipe.parameters {
+      if parameters.contains(parameter.name.lexeme()) {
+        return Err(parameter.name.token().error(DuplicateParameter {
+          recipe: recipe.name.lexeme(),
+          parameter: parameter.name.lexeme(),
+        }));
+      }
+      parameters.insert(parameter.name.lexeme());
+
+      if parameter.default.is_some() {
+        passed_default = true;
+      } else if passed_default {
+        return Err(
+          parameter
+            .name
+            .token()
+            .error(RequiredParameterFollowsDefaultParameter {
+              parameter: parameter.name.lexeme(),
+            }),
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    let mut dependencies = BTreeSet::new();
+    for dependency in &recipe.dependencies {
+      if dependencies.contains(dependency.lexeme()) {
+        return Err(dependency.token().error(DuplicateDependency {
+          recipe: recipe.name.lexeme(),
+          dependency: dependency.lexeme(),
+        }));
+      }
+      dependencies.insert(dependency.lexeme());
+    }
+
+    let mut continued = false;
+    for line in &recipe.body {
+      if !recipe.shebang && !continued {
+        if let Some(Fragment::Text { token }) = line.fragments.first() {
+          let text = token.lexeme();
+
+          if text.starts_with(' ') || text.starts_with('\t') {
+            return Err(token.error(ExtraLeadingWhitespace));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      continued = line.is_continuation();
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+  }
+
+  fn analyze_assignment(&self, assignment: &Assignment<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
+    if self.assignments.contains_key(assignment.name.lexeme()) {
+      return Err(assignment.name.token().error(DuplicateVariable {
+        variable: assignment.name.lexeme(),
+      }));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+  }
+
+  fn analyze_alias(&self, alias: &Alias<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
+    let name = alias.name.lexeme();
+
+    if let Some(original) = self.aliases.get(name) {
+      return Err(alias.name.token().error(DuplicateAlias {
+        alias: name,
+        first: original.line_number(),
+      }));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+  }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::*;
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name: duplicate_alias,
+    input: "alias foo = bar\nalias foo = baz",
+    offset: 22,
+    line: 1,
+    column: 6,
+    width: 3,
+    kind: DuplicateAlias { alias: "foo", first: 0 },
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name: unknown_alias_target,
+    input: "alias foo = bar\n",
+    offset: 6,
+    line: 0,
+    column: 6,
+    width: 3,
+    kind: UnknownAliasTarget {alias: "foo", target: "bar"},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name: alias_shadows_recipe_before,
+    input: "bar: \n  echo bar\nalias foo = bar\nfoo:\n  echo foo",
+    offset: 23,
+    line: 2,
+    column: 6,
+    width: 3,
+    kind: AliasShadowsRecipe {alias: "foo", recipe_line: 3},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name: alias_shadows_recipe_after,
+    input: "foo:\n  echo foo\nalias foo = bar\nbar:\n  echo bar",
+    offset: 22,
+    line: 2,
+    column: 6,
+    width: 3,
+    kind: AliasShadowsRecipe { alias: "foo", recipe_line: 0 },
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   required_after_default,
+    input:  "hello arg='foo' bar:",
+    offset:  16,
+    line:   0,
+    column: 16,
+    width:  3,
+    kind:   RequiredParameterFollowsDefaultParameter{parameter: "bar"},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   duplicate_parameter,
+    input:  "a b b:",
+    offset:  4,
+    line:   0,
+    column: 4,
+    width:  1,
+    kind:   DuplicateParameter{recipe: "a", parameter: "b"},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   duplicate_variadic_parameter,
+    input:  "a b +b:",
+    offset: 5,
+    line:   0,
+    column: 5,
+    width:  1,
+    kind:   DuplicateParameter{recipe: "a", parameter: "b"},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   parameter_shadows_varible,
+    input:  "foo = \"h\"\na foo:",
+    offset:  12,
+    line:   1,
+    column: 2,
+    width:  3,
+    kind:   ParameterShadowsVariable{parameter: "foo"},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   dependency_has_parameters,
+    input:  "foo arg:\nb: foo",
+    offset:  12,
+    line:   1,
+    column: 3,
+    width:  3,
+    kind:   DependencyHasParameters{recipe: "b", dependency: "foo"},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   duplicate_dependency,
+    input:  "a b c: b c z z",
+    offset:  13,
+    line:   0,
+    column: 13,
+    width:  1,
+    kind:   DuplicateDependency{recipe: "a", dependency: "z"},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   duplicate_recipe,
+    input:  "a:\nb:\na:",
+    offset:  6,
+    line:   2,
+    column: 0,
+    width:  1,
+    kind:   DuplicateRecipe{recipe: "a", first: 0},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   duplicate_variable,
+    input:  "a = \"0\"\na = \"0\"",
+    offset:  8,
+    line:   1,
+    column: 0,
+    width:  1,
+    kind:   DuplicateVariable{variable: "a"},
+  }
+
+  analysis_error! {
+    name:   extra_whitespace,
+    input:  "a:\n blah\n  blarg",
+    offset:  10,
+    line:   2,
+    column: 1,
+    width:  6,
+    kind:   ExtraLeadingWhitespace,
+  }
+}

src/assignment.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+/// An assignment, e.g `foo := bar`
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) struct Assignment<'src> {
+  /// Assignment was prefixed by the `export` keyword
+  pub(crate) export: bool,
+  /// Left-hand side of the assignment
+  pub(crate) name: Name<'src>,
+  /// Right-hand side of the assignment
+  pub(crate) expression: Expression<'src>,
+}
+
+impl<'src> Keyed<'src> for Assignment<'src> {
+  fn key(&self) -> &'src str {
+    self.name.lexeme()
+  }
+}

src/assignment_evaluator.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,29 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
 pub(crate) struct AssignmentEvaluator<'a: 'b, 'b> {
-  pub(crate) assignments: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Expression<'a>>,
+  pub(crate) assignments: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Assignment<'a>>,
   pub(crate) invocation_directory: &'b Result<PathBuf, String>,
   pub(crate) dotenv: &'b BTreeMap<String, String>,
   pub(crate) dry_run: bool,
-  pub(crate) evaluated: BTreeMap<&'a str, String>,
+  pub(crate) evaluated: BTreeMap<&'a str, (bool, String)>,
-  pub(crate) exports: &'b BTreeSet<&'a str>,
   pub(crate) overrides: &'b BTreeMap<&'b str, &'b str>,
   pub(crate) quiet: bool,
-  pub(crate) scope: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, String>,
+  pub(crate) scope: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, (bool, String)>,
   pub(crate) shell: &'b str,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'b> AssignmentEvaluator<'a, 'b> {
   pub(crate) fn evaluate_assignments(
-    assignments: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Expression<'a>>,
+    assignments: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Assignment<'a>>,
     invocation_directory: &Result<PathBuf, String>,
     dotenv: &'b BTreeMap<String, String>,
     overrides: &BTreeMap<&str, &str>,
     quiet: bool,
     shell: &'a str,
     dry_run: bool,
-  ) -> RunResult<'a, BTreeMap<&'a str, String>> {
+  ) -> RunResult<'a, BTreeMap<&'a str, (bool, String)>> {
     let mut evaluator = AssignmentEvaluator {
       evaluated: empty(),
-      exports: &empty(),
       scope: &empty(),
       assignments,
       invocation_directory,
@@ -46,13 +44,13 @@ impl<'a, 'b> AssignmentEvaluator<'a, 'b> {
   pub(crate) fn evaluate_line(
     &mut self,
     line: &[Fragment<'a>],
-    arguments: &BTreeMap<&str, Cow<str>>,
+    arguments: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Cow<str>>,
   ) -> RunResult<'a, String> {
     let mut evaluated = String::new();
     for fragment in line {
-      match *fragment {
+      match fragment {
-        Fragment::Text { ref text } => evaluated += text.lexeme(),
+        Fragment::Text { token } => evaluated += token.lexeme(),
-        Fragment::Expression { ref expression } => {
+        Fragment::Interpolation { expression } => {
           evaluated += &self.evaluate_expression(expression, arguments)?;
         }
       }
@@ -65,12 +63,14 @@ impl<'a, 'b> AssignmentEvaluator<'a, 'b> {
       return Ok(());
     }
 
-    if let Some(expression) = self.assignments.get(name) {
+    if let Some(assignment) = self.assignments.get(name) {
       if let Some(value) = self.overrides.get(name) {
-        self.evaluated.insert(name, value.to_string());
+        self
+          .evaluated
+          .insert(name, (assignment.export, value.to_string()));
       } else {
-        let value = self.evaluate_expression(expression, &empty())?;
+        let value = self.evaluate_expression(&assignment.expression, &empty())?;
-        self.evaluated.insert(name, value);
+        self.evaluated.insert(name, (assignment.export, value));
       }
     } else {
       return Err(RuntimeError::Internal {
@@ -84,29 +84,29 @@ impl<'a, 'b> AssignmentEvaluator<'a, 'b> {
   pub(crate) fn evaluate_expression(
     &mut self,
     expression: &Expression<'a>,
-    arguments: &BTreeMap<&str, Cow<str>>,
+    arguments: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Cow<str>>,
   ) -> RunResult<'a, String> {
-    match *expression {
+    match expression {
       Expression::Variable { name, .. } => {
-        if self.evaluated.contains_key(name) {
+        let variable = name.lexeme();
-          Ok(self.evaluated[name].clone())
+        if self.evaluated.contains_key(variable) {
-        } else if self.scope.contains_key(name) {
+          Ok(self.evaluated[variable].1.clone())
-          Ok(self.scope[name].clone())
+        } else if self.scope.contains_key(variable) {
-        } else if self.assignments.contains_key(name) {
+          Ok(self.scope[variable].1.clone())
-          self.evaluate_assignment(name)?;
+        } else if self.assignments.contains_key(variable) {
-          Ok(self.evaluated[name].clone())
+          self.evaluate_assignment(variable)?;
-        } else if arguments.contains_key(name) {
+          Ok(self.evaluated[variable].1.clone())
-          Ok(arguments[name].to_string())
+        } else if arguments.contains_key(variable) {
+          Ok(arguments[variable].to_string())
         } else {
           Err(RuntimeError::Internal {
-            message: format!("attempted to evaluate undefined variable `{}`", name),
+            message: format!("attempted to evaluate undefined variable `{}`", variable),
           })
         }
       }
       Expression::Call {
-        name,
+        function,
-        arguments: ref call_arguments,
+        arguments: call_arguments,
-        ref token,
       } => {
         let call_arguments = call_arguments
           .iter()
@@ -116,20 +116,20 @@ impl<'a, 'b> AssignmentEvaluator<'a, 'b> {
           invocation_directory: &self.invocation_directory,
           dotenv: self.dotenv,
         };
-        Function::evaluate(token, name, &context, &call_arguments)
+        Function::evaluate(*function, &context, &call_arguments)
       }
-      Expression::String { ref cooked_string } => Ok(cooked_string.cooked.to_string()),
+      Expression::StringLiteral { string_literal } => Ok(string_literal.cooked.to_string()),
-      Expression::Backtick { raw, ref token } => {
+      Expression::Backtick { contents, token } => {
         if self.dry_run {
-          Ok(format!("`{}`", raw))
+          Ok(format!("`{}`", contents))
         } else {
-          Ok(self.run_backtick(self.dotenv, raw, token)?)
+          Ok(self.run_backtick(self.dotenv, contents, token)?)
         }
       }
-      Expression::Concatination { ref lhs, ref rhs } => {
+      Expression::Concatination { lhs, rhs } => {
         Ok(self.evaluate_expression(lhs, arguments)? + &self.evaluate_expression(rhs, arguments)?)
       }
-      Expression::Group { ref expression } => self.evaluate_expression(&expression, arguments),
+      Expression::Group { contents } => self.evaluate_expression(contents, arguments),
     }
   }
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> AssignmentEvaluator<'a, 'b> {
 
     cmd.arg("-cu").arg(raw);
 
-    cmd.export_environment_variables(self.scope, dotenv, self.exports)?;
+    cmd.export_environment_variables(self.scope, dotenv)?;
 
     cmd.stdin(process::Stdio::inherit());
 
@@ -163,13 +163,13 @@ impl<'a, 'b> AssignmentEvaluator<'a, 'b> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
+mod tests {
   use super::*;
-  use crate::testing::parse;
+  use crate::testing::compile;
 
   #[test]
   fn backtick_code() {
-    match parse("a:\n echo {{`f() { return 100; }; f`}}")
+    match compile("a:\n echo {{`f() { return 100; }; f`}}")
       .run(&["a"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ recipe:
       ..Default::default()
     };
 
-    match parse(text).run(&["recipe"], &config).unwrap_err() {
+    match compile(text).run(&["recipe"], &config).unwrap_err() {
       RuntimeError::Backtick {
         token,
         output_error: OutputError::Code(_),

src/assignment_resolver.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ use crate::common::*;
 use CompilationErrorKind::*;
 
 pub(crate) struct AssignmentResolver<'a: 'b, 'b> {
-  assignments: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Expression<'a>>,
+  assignments: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Assignment<'a>>,
-  assignment_tokens: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Token<'a>>,
   stack: Vec<&'a str>,
   seen: BTreeSet<&'a str>,
   evaluated: BTreeSet<&'a str>,
@@ -12,15 +11,13 @@ pub(crate) struct AssignmentResolver<'a: 'b, 'b> {
 
 impl<'a: 'b, 'b> AssignmentResolver<'a, 'b> {
   pub(crate) fn resolve_assignments(
-    assignments: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Expression<'a>>,
+    assignments: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Assignment<'a>>,
-    assignment_tokens: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Token<'a>>,
   ) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
     let mut resolver = AssignmentResolver {
       stack: empty(),
       seen: empty(),
       evaluated: empty(),
       assignments,
-      assignment_tokens,
     };
 
     for name in assignments.keys() {
@@ -38,13 +35,13 @@ impl<'a: 'b, 'b> AssignmentResolver<'a, 'b> {
     self.seen.insert(name);
     self.stack.push(name);
 
-    if let Some(expression) = self.assignments.get(name) {
+    if let Some(assignment) = self.assignments.get(name) {
-      self.resolve_expression(expression)?;
+      self.resolve_expression(&assignment.expression)?;
       self.evaluated.insert(name);
     } else {
       let message = format!("attempted to resolve unknown assignment `{}`", name);
       return Err(CompilationError {
-        text: "",
+        src: "",
         offset: 0,
         line: 0,
         column: 0,
@@ -57,43 +54,43 @@ impl<'a: 'b, 'b> AssignmentResolver<'a, 'b> {
 
   fn resolve_expression(&mut self, expression: &Expression<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
     match expression {
-      Expression::Variable { name, ref token } => {
+      Expression::Variable { name } => {
-        if self.evaluated.contains(name) {
+        let variable = name.lexeme();
+        if self.evaluated.contains(variable) {
           return Ok(());
-        } else if self.seen.contains(name) {
+        } else if self.seen.contains(variable) {
-          let token = &self.assignment_tokens[name];
+          let token = self.assignments[variable].name.token();
-          self.stack.push(name);
+          self.stack.push(variable);
           return Err(token.error(CircularVariableDependency {
-            variable: name,
+            variable: variable,
             circle: self.stack.clone(),
           }));
-        } else if self.assignments.contains_key(name) {
+        } else if self.assignments.contains_key(variable) {
-          self.resolve_assignment(name)?;
+          self.resolve_assignment(variable)?;
         } else {
-          return Err(token.error(UndefinedVariable { variable: name }));
+          return Err(name.token().error(UndefinedVariable { variable }));
         }
       }
       Expression::Call {
-        ref token,
+        function,
-        ref arguments,
+        arguments,
-        ..
+      } => Function::resolve(&function.token(), arguments.len())?,
-      } => Function::resolve(token, arguments.len())?,
+      Expression::Concatination { lhs, rhs } => {
-      Expression::Concatination { ref lhs, ref rhs } => {
         self.resolve_expression(lhs)?;
         self.resolve_expression(rhs)?;
       }
-      Expression::String { .. } | Expression::Backtick { .. } => {}
+      Expression::StringLiteral { .. } | Expression::Backtick { .. } => {}
-      Expression::Group { expression } => self.resolve_expression(expression)?,
+      Expression::Group { contents } => self.resolve_expression(contents)?,
     }
     Ok(())
   }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
+mod tests {
   use super::*;
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   circular_variable_dependency,
     input:   "a = b\nb = a",
     offset:  0,
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   CircularVariableDependency{variable: "a", circle: vec!["a", "b", "a"]},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   self_variable_dependency,
     input:  "a = a",
     offset:  0,
@@ -113,7 +110,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   CircularVariableDependency{variable: "a", circle: vec!["a", "a"]},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   unknown_expression_variable,
     input:  "x = yy",
     offset:  4,
@@ -123,7 +120,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   UndefinedVariable{variable: "yy"},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   unknown_function,
     input:  "a = foo()",
     offset:  4,
@@ -132,5 +129,4 @@ mod test {
     width:  3,
     kind:   UnknownFunction{function: "foo"},
   }
-
 }

src/command_ext.rs

@@ -3,31 +3,27 @@ use crate::common::*;
 pub(crate) trait CommandExt {
   fn export_environment_variables<'a>(
     &mut self,
-    scope: &BTreeMap<&'a str, String>,
+    scope: &BTreeMap<&'a str, (bool, String)>,
     dotenv: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
-    exports: &BTreeSet<&'a str>,
   ) -> RunResult<'a, ()>;
 }
 
 impl CommandExt for Command {
   fn export_environment_variables<'a>(
     &mut self,
-    scope: &BTreeMap<&'a str, String>,
+    scope: &BTreeMap<&'a str, (bool, String)>,
     dotenv: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
-    exports: &BTreeSet<&'a str>,
   ) -> RunResult<'a, ()> {
     for (name, value) in dotenv {
       self.env(name, value);
     }
-    for name in exports {
+
-      if let Some(value) = scope.get(name) {
+    for (name, (export, value)) in scope {
+      if *export {
         self.env(name, value);
-      } else {
-        return Err(RuntimeError::Internal {
-          message: format!("scope does not contain exported variable `{}`", name),
-        });
       }
     }
+
     Ok(())
   }
 }

src/common.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ pub(crate) use std::{
   env,
   ffi::OsStr,
   fmt::{self, Display, Formatter},
-  fs, io, iter,
+  fs,
-  ops::{Range, RangeInclusive},
+  io::{self, Write},
+  iter::{self, FromIterator},
+  ops::{Deref, Range, RangeInclusive},
   path::{Path, PathBuf},
   process::{self, Command},
   str::{self, Chars},
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ pub(crate) use log::warn;
 pub(crate) use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthChar;
 
 // modules
-pub(crate) use crate::search;
+pub(crate) use crate::{keyword, search};
 
 // modules used in tests
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -35,39 +37,35 @@ pub(crate) use crate::{
   write_message_context::write_message_context,
 };
 
-// structs and enums
+// traits
 pub(crate) use crate::{
-  alias::Alias, alias_resolver::AliasResolver, assignment_evaluator::AssignmentEvaluator,
+  command_ext::CommandExt, compilation_result_ext::CompilationResultExt, keyed::Keyed,
-  assignment_resolver::AssignmentResolver, color::Color, compilation_error::CompilationError,
+  ordinal::Ordinal, platform_interface::PlatformInterface, range_ext::RangeExt,
-  compilation_error_kind::CompilationErrorKind, config::Config, config_error::ConfigError,
-  count::Count, enclosure::Enclosure, expression::Expression, fragment::Fragment,
-  function::Function, function_context::FunctionContext, functions::Functions,
-  interrupt_guard::InterruptGuard, interrupt_handler::InterruptHandler, justfile::Justfile,
-  lexer::Lexer, list::List, output_error::OutputError, parameter::Parameter, parser::Parser,
-  platform::Platform, position::Position, recipe::Recipe, recipe_context::RecipeContext,
-  recipe_resolver::RecipeResolver, runtime_error::RuntimeError, search_error::SearchError,
-  shebang::Shebang, show_whitespace::ShowWhitespace, state::State, string_literal::StringLiteral,
-  subcommand::Subcommand, token::Token, token_kind::TokenKind, use_color::UseColor,
-  variables::Variables, verbosity::Verbosity, warning::Warning,
 };
 
+// structs and enums
+pub(crate) use crate::{
+  alias::Alias, alias_resolver::AliasResolver, analyzer::Analyzer, assignment::Assignment,
+  assignment_evaluator::AssignmentEvaluator, assignment_resolver::AssignmentResolver, color::Color,
+  compilation_error::CompilationError, compilation_error_kind::CompilationErrorKind,
+  compiler::Compiler, config::Config, config_error::ConfigError, count::Count,
+  enclosure::Enclosure, expression::Expression, fragment::Fragment, function::Function,
+  function_context::FunctionContext, functions::Functions, interrupt_guard::InterruptGuard,
+  interrupt_handler::InterruptHandler, item::Item, justfile::Justfile, lexer::Lexer, line::Line,
+  list::List, module::Module, name::Name, output_error::OutputError, parameter::Parameter,
+  parser::Parser, platform::Platform, position::Position, recipe::Recipe,
+  recipe_context::RecipeContext, recipe_resolver::RecipeResolver, runtime_error::RuntimeError,
+  search_error::SearchError, shebang::Shebang, show_whitespace::ShowWhitespace, state::State,
+  string_literal::StringLiteral, subcommand::Subcommand, table::Table, token::Token,
+  token_kind::TokenKind, use_color::UseColor, variables::Variables, verbosity::Verbosity,
+  warning::Warning,
+};
+
+// structs and enums used in tests
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) use crate::{node::Node, tree::Tree};
+
+// type aliases
 pub(crate) type CompilationResult<'a, T> = Result<T, CompilationError<'a>>;
-
-pub(crate) type RunResult<'a, T> = Result<T, RuntimeError<'a>>;
-
 pub(crate) type ConfigResult<T> = Result<T, ConfigError>;
-
+pub(crate) type RunResult<'a, T> = Result<T, RuntimeError<'a>>;
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub(crate) use std::io::prelude::*;
-
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub(crate) use crate::command_ext::CommandExt;
-
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub(crate) use crate::range_ext::RangeExt;
-
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub(crate) use crate::ordinal::Ordinal;
-
-#[allow(unused_imports)]
-pub(crate) use crate::platform_interface::PlatformInterface;

src/compilation_error.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::common::*;
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) struct CompilationError<'a> {
-  pub(crate) text: &'a str,
+  pub(crate) src: &'a str,
   pub(crate) offset: usize,
   pub(crate) line: usize,
   pub(crate) column: usize,
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ impl<'a> Display for CompilationError<'a> {
     write_message_context(
       f,
       Color::fmt(f).error(),
-      self.text,
+      self.src,
       self.offset,
       self.line,
       self.column,

src/compilation_result_ext.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+pub(crate) trait CompilationResultExt {
+  fn expected(self, kinds: &[TokenKind]) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl<'src, T> CompilationResultExt for CompilationResult<'src, T> {
+  fn expected(mut self, kinds: &[TokenKind]) -> Self {
+    if let Err(CompilationError {
+      kind: CompilationErrorKind::UnexpectedToken {
+        ref mut expected, ..
+      },
+      ..
+    }) = &mut self
+    {
+      expected.extend_from_slice(kinds);
+      expected.sort();
+      expected.dedup();
+    }
+
+    self
+  }
+}

src/compiler.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+pub(crate) struct Compiler;
+
+impl Compiler {
+  pub(crate) fn compile(text: &str) -> CompilationResult<Justfile> {
+    let tokens = Lexer::lex(text)?;
+
+    let ast = Parser::parse(&tokens)?;
+
+    Analyzer::analyze(ast)
+  }
+}

src/expression.rs

@@ -1,55 +1,60 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
+/// An expression. Note that the Just language grammar has both an
+/// `expression` production of additions (`a + b`) and values, and a
+/// `value` production of all other value types (for example strings,
+/// function calls, and parenthetical groups).
+///
+/// The parser parses both values and expressions into `Expression`s.
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum Expression<'a> {
+pub(crate) enum Expression<'src> {
+  /// `contents`
   Backtick {
-    raw: &'a str,
+    contents: &'src str,
-    token: Token<'a>,
+    token: Token<'src>,
   },
+  /// `name(arguments)`
   Call {
-    name: &'a str,
+    function: Name<'src>,
-    token: Token<'a>,
+    arguments: Vec<Expression<'src>>,
-    arguments: Vec<Expression<'a>>,
   },
+  /// `lhs + rhs`
   Concatination {
-    lhs: Box<Expression<'a>>,
+    lhs: Box<Expression<'src>>,
-    rhs: Box<Expression<'a>>,
+    rhs: Box<Expression<'src>>,
   },
-  String {
+  /// `(contents)`
-    cooked_string: StringLiteral<'a>,
+  Group { contents: Box<Expression<'src>> },
-  },
+  /// `"string_literal"` or `'string_literal'`
-  Variable {
+  StringLiteral {
-    name: &'a str,
+    string_literal: StringLiteral<'src>,
-    token: Token<'a>,
-  },
-  Group {
-    expression: Box<Expression<'a>>,
   },
+  /// `variable`
+  Variable { name: Name<'src> },
 }
 
-impl<'a> Expression<'a> {
+impl<'src> Expression<'src> {
-  pub(crate) fn variables(&'a self) -> Variables<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn variables<'expression>(&'expression self) -> Variables<'expression, 'src> {
     Variables::new(self)
   }
 
-  pub(crate) fn functions(&'a self) -> Functions<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn functions<'expression>(&'expression self) -> Functions<'expression, 'src> {
     Functions::new(self)
   }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Display for Expression<'a> {
+impl<'src> Display for Expression<'src> {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-    match *self {
+    match self {
-      Expression::Backtick { raw, .. } => write!(f, "`{}`", raw)?,
+      Expression::Backtick { contents, .. } => write!(f, "`{}`", contents)?,
-      Expression::Concatination { ref lhs, ref rhs } => write!(f, "{} + {}", lhs, rhs)?,
+      Expression::Concatination { lhs, rhs } => write!(f, "{} + {}", lhs, rhs)?,
-      Expression::String { ref cooked_string } => write!(f, "{}", cooked_string)?,
+      Expression::StringLiteral { string_literal } => write!(f, "{}", string_literal)?,
-      Expression::Variable { name, .. } => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
+      Expression::Variable { name } => write!(f, "{}", name.lexeme())?,
       Expression::Call {
-        name,
+        function,
-        ref arguments,
+        arguments,
-        ..
       } => {
-        write!(f, "{}(", name)?;
+        write!(f, "{}(", function.lexeme())?;
         for (i, argument) in arguments.iter().enumerate() {
           if i > 0 {
             write!(f, ", {}", argument)?;
@@ -59,7 +64,7 @@ impl<'a> Display for Expression<'a> {
         }
         write!(f, ")")?;
       }
-      Expression::Group { ref expression } => write!(f, "({})", expression)?,
+      Expression::Group { contents } => write!(f, "({})", contents)?,
     }
     Ok(())
   }

src/fragment.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
+/// A line fragment consisting either of…
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum Fragment<'a> {
+pub(crate) enum Fragment<'src> {
-  Text { text: Token<'a> },
+  /// …raw text…
-  Expression { expression: Expression<'a> },
+  Text { token: Token<'src> },
-}
+  /// …an interpolation containing `expression`.
-
+  Interpolation { expression: Expression<'src> },
-impl<'a> Fragment<'a> {
-  pub(crate) fn continuation(&self) -> bool {
-    match *self {
-      Fragment::Text { ref text } => text.lexeme().ends_with('\\'),
-      _ => false,
-    }
-  }
 }

src/function.rs

@@ -56,26 +56,26 @@ impl Function {
   }
 
   pub(crate) fn evaluate<'a>(
-    token: &Token<'a>,
+    function_name: Name<'a>,
-    name: &'a str,
     context: &FunctionContext,
     arguments: &[String],
   ) -> RunResult<'a, String> {
+    let name = function_name.lexeme();
     if let Some(function) = FUNCTIONS.get(name) {
       use self::Function::*;
       let argc = arguments.len();
       match (function, argc) {
         (&Nullary(f), 0) => f(context).map_err(|message| RuntimeError::FunctionCall {
-          token: token.clone(),
+          function: function_name,
           message,
         }),
         (&Unary(f), 1) => f(context, &arguments[0]).map_err(|message| RuntimeError::FunctionCall {
-          token: token.clone(),
+          function: function_name,
           message,
         }),
         (&Binary(f), 2) => {
           f(context, &arguments[0], &arguments[1]).map_err(|message| RuntimeError::FunctionCall {
-            token: token.clone(),
+            function: function_name,
             message,
           })
         }

src/functions.rs

@@ -1,34 +1,36 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
-pub(crate) struct Functions<'a> {
+pub(crate) struct Functions<'expression, 'src> {
-  stack: Vec<&'a Expression<'a>>,
+  stack: Vec<&'expression Expression<'src>>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> Functions<'a> {
+impl<'expression, 'src> Functions<'expression, 'src> {
-  pub(crate) fn new(root: &'a Expression<'a>) -> Functions<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn new(root: &'expression Expression<'src>) -> Functions<'expression, 'src> {
     Functions { stack: vec![root] }
   }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for Functions<'a> {
+impl<'expression, 'src> Iterator for Functions<'expression, 'src> {
-  type Item = (&'a Token<'a>, usize);
+  type Item = (Token<'src>, usize);
 
   fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
     match self.stack.pop() {
       None
-      | Some(Expression::String { .. })
+      | Some(Expression::StringLiteral { .. })
       | Some(Expression::Backtick { .. })
       | Some(Expression::Variable { .. }) => None,
       Some(Expression::Call {
-        token, arguments, ..
+        function,
-      }) => Some((token, arguments.len())),
+        arguments,
+        ..
+      }) => Some((function.token(), arguments.len())),
       Some(Expression::Concatination { lhs, rhs }) => {
         self.stack.push(lhs);
         self.stack.push(rhs);
         self.next()
       }
-      Some(Expression::Group { expression }) => {
+      Some(Expression::Group { contents }) => {
-        self.stack.push(expression);
+        self.stack.push(contents);
         self.next()
       }
     }

src/item.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+/// A single top-level item
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum Item<'src> {
+  Alias(Alias<'src>),
+  Assignment(Assignment<'src>),
+  Recipe(Recipe<'src>),
+}

src/justfile.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) struct Justfile<'a> {
-  pub(crate) recipes: BTreeMap<&'a str, Recipe<'a>>,
+  pub(crate) recipes: Table<'a, Recipe<'a>>,
-  pub(crate) assignments: BTreeMap<&'a str, Expression<'a>>,
+  pub(crate) assignments: Table<'a, Assignment<'a>>,
-  pub(crate) exports: BTreeSet<&'a str>,
+  pub(crate) aliases: Table<'a, Alias<'a>>,
-  pub(crate) aliases: BTreeMap<&'a str, Alias<'a>>,
   pub(crate) warnings: Vec<Warning<'a>>,
 }
 
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ impl<'a> Justfile<'a> {
     let mut first: Option<&Recipe> = None;
     for recipe in self.recipes.values() {
       if let Some(first_recipe) = first {
-        if recipe.line_number < first_recipe.line_number {
+        if recipe.line_number() < first_recipe.line_number() {
           first = Some(recipe)
         }
       } else {
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ impl<'a> Justfile<'a> {
         width = cmp::max(name.len(), width);
       }
 
-      for (name, value) in scope {
+      for (name, (_export, value)) in scope {
         println!("{0:1$} := \"{2}\"", name, width, value);
       }
       return Ok(());
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ impl<'a> Justfile<'a> {
           let argument_count = cmp::min(tail.len(), recipe.max_arguments());
           if !argument_range.range_contains(&argument_count) {
             return Err(RuntimeError::ArgumentCountMismatch {
-              recipe: recipe.name,
+              recipe: recipe.name(),
               parameters: recipe.parameters.iter().collect(),
               found: tail.len(),
               min: recipe.min_arguments(),
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ impl<'a> Justfile<'a> {
     if let Some(recipe) = self.recipes.get(name) {
       Some(recipe)
     } else if let Some(alias) = self.aliases.get(name) {
-      self.recipes.get(alias.target)
+      self.recipes.get(alias.target.lexeme())
     } else {
       None
     }
@@ -155,12 +154,13 @@ impl<'a> Justfile<'a> {
     ran: &mut BTreeSet<&'a str>,
   ) -> RunResult<()> {
     for dependency_name in &recipe.dependencies {
-      if !ran.contains(dependency_name) {
+      let lexeme = dependency_name.lexeme();
-        self.run_recipe(context, &self.recipes[dependency_name], &[], dotenv, ran)?;
+      if !ran.contains(lexeme) {
+        self.run_recipe(context, &self.recipes[lexeme], &[], dotenv, ran)?;
       }
     }
-    recipe.run(context, arguments, dotenv, &self.exports)?;
+    recipe.run(context, arguments, dotenv)?;
-    ran.insert(recipe.name);
+    ran.insert(recipe.name());
     Ok(())
   }
 }
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ impl<'a> Justfile<'a> {
 impl<'a> Display for Justfile<'a> {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
     let mut items = self.recipes.len() + self.assignments.len() + self.aliases.len();
-    for (name, expression) in &self.assignments {
+    for (name, assignment) in &self.assignments {
-      if self.exports.contains(name) {
+      if assignment.export {
         write!(f, "export ")?;
       }
-      write!(f, "{} := {}", name, expression)?;
+      write!(f, "{} := {}", name, assignment.expression)?;
       items -= 1;
       if items != 0 {
         write!(f, "\n\n")?;
@@ -197,15 +197,15 @@ impl<'a> Display for Justfile<'a> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
+mod tests {
   use super::*;
 
   use crate::runtime_error::RuntimeError::*;
-  use crate::testing::parse;
+  use crate::testing::compile;
 
   #[test]
   fn unknown_recipes() {
-    match parse("a:\nb:\nc:")
+    match compile("a:\nb:\nc:")
       .run(&["a", "x", "y", "z"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ a:
       x
 ";
 
-    match parse(text).run(&["a"], &Default::default()).unwrap_err() {
+    match compile(text).run(&["a"], &Default::default()).unwrap_err() {
       Code {
         recipe,
         line_number,
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ a:
 
   #[test]
   fn code_error() {
-    match parse("fail:\n @exit 100")
+    match compile("fail:\n @exit 100")
       .run(&["fail"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ a:
 a return code:
  @x() { {{return}} {{code + "0"}}; }; x"#;
 
-    match parse(text)
+    match compile(text)
       .run(&["a", "return", "15"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ a return code:
 
   #[test]
   fn missing_some_arguments() {
-    match parse("a b c d:")
+    match compile("a b c d:")
       .run(&["a", "b", "c"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -307,7 +307,10 @@ a return code:
         min,
         max,
       } => {
-        let param_names = parameters.iter().map(|p| p.name).collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        let param_names = parameters
+          .iter()
+          .map(|p| p.name.lexeme())
+          .collect::<Vec<&str>>();
         assert_eq!(recipe, "a");
         assert_eq!(param_names, ["b", "c", "d"]);
         assert_eq!(found, 2);
@@ -320,7 +323,7 @@ a return code:
 
   #[test]
   fn missing_some_arguments_variadic() {
-    match parse("a b c +d:")
+    match compile("a b c +d:")
       .run(&["a", "B", "C"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -331,7 +334,10 @@ a return code:
         min,
         max,
       } => {
-        let param_names = parameters.iter().map(|p| p.name).collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        let param_names = parameters
+          .iter()
+          .map(|p| p.name.lexeme())
+          .collect::<Vec<&str>>();
         assert_eq!(recipe, "a");
         assert_eq!(param_names, ["b", "c", "d"]);
         assert_eq!(found, 2);
@@ -344,7 +350,7 @@ a return code:
 
   #[test]
   fn missing_all_arguments() {
-    match parse("a b c d:\n echo {{b}}{{c}}{{d}}")
+    match compile("a b c d:\n echo {{b}}{{c}}{{d}}")
       .run(&["a"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -355,7 +361,10 @@ a return code:
         min,
         max,
       } => {
-        let param_names = parameters.iter().map(|p| p.name).collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        let param_names = parameters
+          .iter()
+          .map(|p| p.name.lexeme())
+          .collect::<Vec<&str>>();
         assert_eq!(recipe, "a");
         assert_eq!(param_names, ["b", "c", "d"]);
         assert_eq!(found, 0);
@@ -368,7 +377,7 @@ a return code:
 
   #[test]
   fn missing_some_defaults() {
-    match parse("a b c d='hello':")
+    match compile("a b c d='hello':")
       .run(&["a", "b"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -379,7 +388,10 @@ a return code:
         min,
         max,
       } => {
-        let param_names = parameters.iter().map(|p| p.name).collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        let param_names = parameters
+          .iter()
+          .map(|p| p.name.lexeme())
+          .collect::<Vec<&str>>();
         assert_eq!(recipe, "a");
         assert_eq!(param_names, ["b", "c", "d"]);
         assert_eq!(found, 1);
@@ -392,7 +404,7 @@ a return code:
 
   #[test]
   fn missing_all_defaults() {
-    match parse("a b c='r' d='h':")
+    match compile("a b c='r' d='h':")
       .run(&["a"], &Default::default())
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -403,7 +415,10 @@ a return code:
         min,
         max,
       } => {
-        let param_names = parameters.iter().map(|p| p.name).collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+        let param_names = parameters
+          .iter()
+          .map(|p| p.name.lexeme())
+          .collect::<Vec<&str>>();
         assert_eq!(recipe, "a");
         assert_eq!(param_names, ["b", "c", "d"]);
         assert_eq!(found, 0);
@@ -419,7 +434,7 @@ a return code:
     let mut config: Config = Default::default();
     config.overrides.insert("foo", "bar");
     config.overrides.insert("baz", "bob");
-    match parse("a:\n echo {{`f() { return 100; }; f`}}")
+    match compile("a:\n echo {{`f() { return 100; }; f`}}")
       .run(&["a"], &config)
       .unwrap_err()
     {
@@ -447,7 +462,7 @@ wut:
       ..Default::default()
     };
 
-    match parse(text).run(&["wut"], &config).unwrap_err() {
+    match compile(text).run(&["wut"], &config).unwrap_err() {
       Code {
         code: _,
         line_number,
@@ -459,4 +474,369 @@ wut:
       other => panic!("expected a recipe code errror, but got: {}", other),
     }
   }
+
+  macro_rules! test {
+    ($name:ident, $input:expr, $expected:expr $(,)*) => {
+      #[test]
+      fn $name() {
+        test($input, $expected);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  fn test(input: &str, expected: &str) {
+    let justfile = compile(input);
+    let actual = format!("{:#}", justfile);
+    assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    println!("Re-parsing...");
+    let reparsed = compile(&actual);
+    let redumped = format!("{:#}", reparsed);
+    assert_eq!(redumped, actual);
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parse_empty,
+    "
+
+# hello
+
+
+    ",
+    "",
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parse_string_default,
+    r#"
+
+foo a="b\t":
+
+
+  "#,
+    r#"foo a="b\t":"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_multiple,
+    r#"
+a:
+b:
+"#,
+    r#"a:
+
+b:"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parse_variadic,
+    r#"
+
+foo +a:
+
+
+  "#,
+    r#"foo +a:"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parse_variadic_string_default,
+    r#"
+
+foo +a="Hello":
+
+
+  "#,
+    r#"foo +a="Hello":"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parse_raw_string_default,
+    r#"
+
+foo a='b\t':
+
+
+  "#,
+    r#"foo a='b\t':"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parse_export,
+    r#"
+export a := "hello"
+
+  "#,
+    r#"export a := "hello""#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_alias_after_target,
+    r#"
+foo:
+  echo a
+alias f := foo
+"#,
+r#"alias f := foo
+
+foo:
+    echo a"#
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_alias_before_target,
+    r#"
+alias f := foo
+foo:
+  echo a
+"#,
+r#"alias f := foo
+
+foo:
+    echo a"#
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_alias_with_comment,
+    r#"
+alias f := foo #comment
+foo:
+  echo a
+"#,
+r#"alias f := foo
+
+foo:
+    echo a"#
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_complex,
+    "
+x:
+y:
+z:
+foo := \"xx\"
+bar := foo
+goodbye := \"y\"
+hello a b    c   : x y    z #hello
+  #! blah
+  #blarg
+  {{ foo + bar}}abc{{ goodbye\t  + \"x\" }}xyz
+  1
+  2
+  3
+",
+    "bar := foo
+
+foo := \"xx\"
+
+goodbye := \"y\"
+
+hello a b c: x y z
+    #! blah
+    #blarg
+    {{foo + bar}}abc{{goodbye + \"x\"}}xyz
+    1
+    2
+    3
+
+x:
+
+y:
+
+z:"
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_shebang,
+    "
+practicum := 'hello'
+install:
+\t#!/bin/sh
+\tif [[ -f {{practicum}} ]]; then
+\t\treturn
+\tfi
+",
+    "practicum := 'hello'
+
+install:
+    #!/bin/sh
+    if [[ -f {{practicum}} ]]; then
+    \treturn
+    fi",
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parse_simple_shebang,
+    "a:\n #!\n  print(1)",
+    "a:\n    #!\n     print(1)",
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_assignments,
+    r#"a := "0"
+c := a + b + a + b
+b := "1"
+"#,
+    r#"a := "0"
+
+b := "1"
+
+c := a + b + a + b"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_assignment_backticks,
+    "a := `echo hello`
+c := a + b + a + b
+b := `echo goodbye`",
+    "a := `echo hello`
+
+b := `echo goodbye`
+
+c := a + b + a + b",
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parse_interpolation_backticks,
+    r#"a:
+  echo {{  `echo hello` + "blarg"   }} {{   `echo bob`   }}"#,
+    r#"a:
+    echo {{`echo hello` + "blarg"}} {{`echo bob`}}"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    eof_test,
+    "x:\ny:\nz:\na b c: x y z",
+    "a b c: x y z\n\nx:\n\ny:\n\nz:",
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    string_quote_escape,
+    r#"a := "hello\"""#,
+    r#"a := "hello\"""#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    string_escapes,
+    r#"a := "\n\t\r\"\\""#,
+    r#"a := "\n\t\r\"\\""#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  parameters,
+    "a b c:
+  {{b}} {{c}}",
+    "a b c:
+    {{b}} {{c}}",
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  unary_functions,
+    "
+x := arch()
+
+a:
+  {{os()}} {{os_family()}}",
+    "x := arch()
+
+a:
+    {{os()}} {{os_family()}}",
+  }
+
+  test! {
+  env_functions,
+    r#"
+x := env_var('foo',)
+
+a:
+  {{env_var_or_default('foo' + 'bar', 'baz',)}} {{env_var(env_var("baz"))}}"#,
+    r#"x := env_var('foo')
+
+a:
+    {{env_var_or_default('foo' + 'bar', 'baz')}} {{env_var(env_var("baz"))}}"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parameter_default_string,
+    r#"
+f x="abc":
+"#,
+    r#"f x="abc":"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parameter_default_raw_string,
+    r#"
+f x='abc':
+"#,
+    r#"f x='abc':"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parameter_default_backtick,
+    r#"
+f x=`echo hello`:
+"#,
+    r#"f x=`echo hello`:"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parameter_default_concatination_string,
+    r#"
+f x=(`echo hello` + "foo"):
+"#,
+    r#"f x=(`echo hello` + "foo"):"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parameter_default_concatination_variable,
+    r#"
+x := "10"
+f y=(`echo hello` + x) +z="foo":
+"#,
+    r#"x := "10"
+
+f y=(`echo hello` + x) +z="foo":"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    parameter_default_multiple,
+    r#"
+x := "10"
+f y=(`echo hello` + x) +z=("foo" + "bar"):
+"#,
+    r#"x := "10"
+
+f y=(`echo hello` + x) +z=("foo" + "bar"):"#,
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    concatination_in_group,
+    "x := ('0' + '1')",
+    "x := ('0' + '1')",
+  }
+
+  test! {
+    string_in_group,
+    "x := ('0'   )",
+    "x := ('0')",
+  }
+
+  #[rustfmt::skip]
+  test! {
+    escaped_dos_newlines,
+    "@spam:\r
+\t{ \\\r
+\t\tfiglet test; \\\r
+\t\tcargo build --color always 2>&1; \\\r
+\t\tcargo test  --color always -- --color always 2>&1; \\\r
+\t} | less\r
+",
+"@spam:
+    { \\
+    \tfiglet test; \\
+    \tcargo build --color always 2>&1; \\
+    \tcargo test  --color always -- --color always 2>&1; \\
+    } | less",
+  }
 }

src/keyed.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub(crate) trait Keyed<'key> {
+  fn key(&self) -> &'key str;
+}

src/keyword.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub(crate) const ALIAS: &str = "alias";
+pub(crate) const EXPORT: &str = "export";

src/lexer.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,15 @@ use TokenKind::*;
 
 /// Just language lexer
 ///
-/// `self.next` points to the next character to be lexed, and
+/// The lexer proceeds character-by-character, as opposed to using
-/// the text between `self.token_start` and `self.token_end` contains
+/// regular expressions to lex tokens or semi-tokens at a time. As a
-/// the current token being lexed.
+/// result, it is verbose and straightforward. Just used to have a
+/// regex-based lexer, which was slower and generally godawful. However,
+/// this should not be taken as a slight against regular expressions,
+/// the lexer was just idiosyncratically bad.
 pub(crate) struct Lexer<'a> {
   /// Source text
-  text: &'a str,
+  src: &'a str,
   /// Char iterator
   chars: Chars<'a>,
   /// Tokens
@@ -21,19 +24,19 @@ pub(crate) struct Lexer<'a> {
   token_start: Position,
   /// Current token end
   token_end: Position,
-  /// Next character
+  /// Next character to be lexed
   next: Option<char>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
   /// Lex `text`
-  pub(crate) fn lex(text: &str) -> CompilationResult<Vec<Token>> {
+  pub(crate) fn lex(src: &str) -> CompilationResult<Vec<Token>> {
-    Lexer::new(text).tokenize()
+    Lexer::new(src).tokenize()
   }
 
   /// Create a new Lexer to lex `text`
-  fn new(text: &'a str) -> Lexer<'a> {
+  fn new(src: &'a str) -> Lexer<'a> {
-    let mut chars = text.chars();
+    let mut chars = src.chars();
     let next = chars.next();
 
     let start = Position {
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
       token_end: start,
       chars,
       next,
-      text,
+      src,
     }
   }
 
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
 
   /// Lexeme of in-progress token
   fn lexeme(&self) -> &'a str {
-    &self.text[self.token_start.offset..self.token_end.offset]
+    &self.src[self.token_start.offset..self.token_end.offset]
   }
 
   /// Length of current token
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
 
   /// Un-lexed text
   fn rest(&self) -> &'a str {
-    &self.text[self.token_end.offset..]
+    &self.src[self.token_end.offset..]
   }
 
   /// Check if unlexed text begins with prefix
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
       offset: self.token_start.offset,
       column: self.token_start.column,
       line: self.token_start.line,
-      text: self.text,
+      src: self.src,
       length: self.token_end.offset - self.token_start.offset,
       kind,
     });
@@ -158,7 +161,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
   fn internal_error(&self, message: impl Into<String>) -> CompilationError<'a> {
     // Use `self.token_end` as the location of the error
     CompilationError {
-      text: self.text,
+      src: self.src,
       offset: self.token_end.offset,
       line: self.token_end.line,
       column: self.token_end.column,
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
     };
 
     CompilationError {
-      text: self.text,
+      src: self.src,
       offset: self.token_start.offset,
       line: self.token_start.line,
       column: self.token_start.column,
@@ -198,7 +201,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
     interpolation_start: Position,
   ) -> CompilationError<'a> {
     CompilationError {
-      text: self.text,
+      src: self.src,
       offset: interpolation_start.offset,
       line: interpolation_start.line,
       column: interpolation_start.column,
@@ -359,7 +362,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
       ' ' | '\t' => self.lex_whitespace(),
       '\'' => self.lex_raw_string(),
       '"' => self.lex_cooked_string(),
-      'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '_' => self.lex_name(),
+      'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '_' => self.lex_identifier(),
       _ => {
         self.advance()?;
         Err(self.error(UnknownStartOfToken))
@@ -446,7 +449,6 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
   /// Lex token beginning with `start` in indented state
   fn lex_indented(&mut self) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
     self.state.push(State::Text);
-    self.token(Line);
     Ok(())
   }
 
@@ -513,8 +515,8 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
     self.lex_double(Eol)
   }
 
-  /// Lex name: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*
+  /// Lex identifier: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*
-  fn lex_name(&mut self) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
+  fn lex_identifier(&mut self) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
     while self
       .next
       .map(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '-' || c == '_')
@@ -523,7 +525,7 @@ impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
       self.advance()?;
     }
 
-    self.token(Name);
+    self.token(Identifier);
 
     Ok(())
   }
@@ -725,19 +727,61 @@ mod tests {
       Whitespace => " ",
 
       // Empty lexemes
-      Line | Dedent | Eof => "",
+      Dedent | Eof => "",
 
       // Variable lexemes
-      Text | StringCooked | StringRaw | Name | Comment | Backtick => {
+      Text | StringCooked | StringRaw | Identifier | Comment | Backtick => {
         panic!("Token {:?} has no default lexeme", kind)
       }
     }
   }
 
+  macro_rules! error {
+    (
+      name:   $name:ident,
+      input:  $input:expr,
+      offset: $offset:expr,
+      line:   $line:expr,
+      column: $column:expr,
+      width:  $width:expr,
+      kind:   $kind:expr,
+    ) => {
+      #[test]
+      fn $name() {
+        error($input, $offset, $line, $column, $width, $kind);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  fn error(
+    src: &str,
+    offset: usize,
+    line: usize,
+    column: usize,
+    width: usize,
+    kind: CompilationErrorKind,
+  ) {
+    let expected = CompilationError {
+      src,
+      offset,
+      line,
+      column,
+      width,
+      kind,
+    };
+
+    match Lexer::lex(src) {
+      Ok(_) => panic!("Lexing succeeded but expected: {}\n{}", expected, src),
+      Err(actual) => {
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   test! {
     name:   name_new,
     text:   "foo",
-    tokens: (Name:"foo"),
+    tokens: (Identifier:"foo"),
   }
 
   test! {
@@ -768,9 +812,9 @@ mod tests {
     name:   export_concatination,
     text:   "export foo = 'foo' + 'bar'",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"export",
+      Identifier:"export",
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Whitespace,
       Equals,
       Whitespace,
@@ -786,9 +830,9 @@ mod tests {
     name: export_complex,
     text: "export foo = ('foo' + 'bar') + `baz`",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"export",
+      Identifier:"export",
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Whitespace,
       Equals,
       Whitespace,
@@ -821,7 +865,7 @@ mod tests {
   test! {
     name:   indented_line,
     text:   "foo:\n a",
-    tokens: (Name:"foo", Colon, Eol, Indent:" ", Line, Text:"a", Dedent),
+    tokens: (Identifier:"foo", Colon, Eol, Indent:" ", Text:"a", Dedent),
   }
 
   test! {
@@ -833,19 +877,16 @@ mod tests {
         c
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"a",
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"b",
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"c",
       Eol,
       Dedent,
@@ -860,15 +901,14 @@ mod tests {
       b:
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"a",
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Colon,
       Eol,
     )
@@ -883,17 +923,15 @@ mod tests {
       b:
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:"    ",
-      Line,
       Text:"a",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Colon,
       Eol,
     ),
@@ -903,11 +941,10 @@ mod tests {
     name: indented_line_containing_unpaired_carriage_return,
     text: "foo:\n \r \n",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       Text:"\r ",
       Eol,
       Dedent,
@@ -931,51 +968,43 @@ mod tests {
         @mv b c
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"@mv a b",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"@touch F",
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"@touch a",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"d",
+      Identifier:"d",
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"c",
+      Identifier:"c",
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"@rm c",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"c",
+      Identifier:"c",
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"@mv b c",
       Eol,
       Dedent
@@ -986,11 +1015,10 @@ mod tests {
     name: interpolation_empty,
     text: "hello:\n echo {{}}",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       Text:"echo ",
       InterpolationStart,
       InterpolationEnd,
@@ -1002,11 +1030,10 @@ mod tests {
     name: interpolation_expression,
     text: "hello:\n echo {{`echo hello` + `echo goodbye`}}",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       Text:"echo ",
       InterpolationStart,
       Backtick:"`echo hello`",
@@ -1028,13 +1055,13 @@ mod tests {
       test123
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Eol,
-      Name:"bar-bob",
+      Identifier:"bar-bob",
       Eol,
-      Name:"b-bob_asdfAAAA",
+      Identifier:"b-bob_asdfAAAA",
       Eol,
-      Name:"test123",
+      Identifier:"test123",
       Eol,
     ),
   }
@@ -1043,11 +1070,10 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_indented_line,
     text: "foo:\n a",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       Text:"a",
       Dedent,
     ),
@@ -1062,19 +1088,16 @@ mod tests {
         c
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"a",
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"b",
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"c",
       Eol,
       Dedent,
@@ -1085,7 +1108,7 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_strings,
     text: r#"a = "'a'" + '"b"' + "'c'" + '"d"'#echo hello"#,
     tokens: (
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Whitespace,
       Equals,
       Whitespace,
@@ -1113,15 +1136,14 @@ mod tests {
        {{hello}}
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
       Comment:"# some comment",
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       InterpolationStart,
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       InterpolationEnd,
       Eol,
       Dedent
@@ -1135,15 +1157,14 @@ mod tests {
 # another comment
 ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
       Comment:"# more comments",
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       InterpolationStart,
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       InterpolationEnd,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
@@ -1156,19 +1177,18 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_recipe_complex_interpolation_expression,
     text: "foo: #lol\n {{a + b + \"z\" + blarg}}",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Whitespace:" ",
       Comment:"#lol",
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       InterpolationStart,
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Whitespace,
       Plus,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Whitespace,
       Plus,
       Whitespace,
@@ -1176,7 +1196,7 @@ mod tests {
       Whitespace,
       Plus,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"blarg",
+      Identifier:"blarg",
       InterpolationEnd,
       Dedent,
     ),
@@ -1186,23 +1206,22 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_recipe_multiple_interpolations,
     text: "foo:,#ok\n {{a}}0{{b}}1{{c}}",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"foo",
+      Identifier:"foo",
       Colon,
       Comma,
       Comment:"#ok",
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       InterpolationStart,
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       InterpolationEnd,
       Text:"0",
       InterpolationStart,
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       InterpolationEnd,
       Text:"1",
       InterpolationStart,
-      Name:"c",
+      Identifier:"c",
       InterpolationEnd,
       Dedent,
 
@@ -1217,24 +1236,24 @@ mod tests {
       hello blah blah blah : a b c #whatever
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"bob",
+      Identifier:"bob",
       Eol,
       Eol,
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"blah",
+      Identifier:"blah",
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"blah",
+      Identifier:"blah",
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"blah",
+      Identifier:"blah",
       Whitespace,
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"c",
+      Identifier:"c",
       Whitespace,
       Comment:"#whatever",
       Eol,
@@ -1260,30 +1279,23 @@ mod tests {
       Eol,
       Comment:"# this does something",
       Eol,
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"asdf",
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"bsdf",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"csdf",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"dsdf # whatever",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
       Comment:"# yolo",
@@ -1302,18 +1314,17 @@ mod tests {
     tokens: (
       Comment:"#",
       Eol,
-      Name:"A",
+      Identifier:"A",
       Equals,
       StringRaw:"'1'",
       Eol,
-      Name:"echo",
+      Identifier:"echo",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"echo ",
       InterpolationStart,
-      Name:"A",
+      Identifier:"A",
       InterpolationEnd,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
@@ -1324,11 +1335,10 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_interpolation_backticks,
     text: "hello:\n echo {{`echo hello` + `echo goodbye`}}",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       Text:"echo ",
       InterpolationStart,
       Backtick:"`echo hello`",
@@ -1345,11 +1355,10 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_empty_interpolation,
     text: "hello:\n echo {{}}",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:" ",
-      Line,
       Text:"echo ",
       InterpolationStart,
       InterpolationEnd,
@@ -1361,7 +1370,7 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_assignment_backticks,
     text: "a = `echo hello` + `echo goodbye`",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Whitespace,
       Equals,
       Whitespace,
@@ -1392,42 +1401,33 @@ mod tests {
     ",
     tokens: (
       Eol,
-      Name:"hello",
+      Identifier:"hello",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"a",
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"b",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"c",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"d",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
       Comment:"# hello",
       Eol,
-      Name:"bob",
+      Identifier:"bob",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"frank",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
     ),
@@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_comment,
     text: "a:=#",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       ColonEquals,
       Comment:"#",
     ),
@@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ mod tests {
     name: tokenize_comment_with_bang,
     text: "a:=#foo!",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       ColonEquals,
       Comment:"#foo!",
     ),
@@ -1470,51 +1470,43 @@ mod tests {
         @mv b c
     ",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"@mv a b",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"@touch F",
       Eol,
       Whitespace:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"@touch a",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"d",
+      Identifier:"d",
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"c",
+      Identifier:"c",
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"@rm c",
       Eol,
-      Line,
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"c",
+      Identifier:"c",
       Colon,
       Whitespace,
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Eol,
       Indent,
-      Line,
       Text:"@mv b c",
       Eol,
       Dedent,
@@ -1533,7 +1525,7 @@ mod tests {
       ParenR,
       Whitespace,
       ParenR,
-      Name:"abc",
+      Identifier:"abc",
       ParenL,
       Plus,
     ),
@@ -1554,20 +1546,19 @@ mod tests {
     name: multiple_recipes,
     text: "a:\n  foo\nb:",
     tokens: (
-      Name:"a",
+      Identifier:"a",
       Colon,
       Eol,
       Indent:"  ",
-      Line,
       Text:"foo",
       Eol,
       Dedent,
-      Name:"b",
+      Identifier:"b",
       Colon,
     ),
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:  tokenize_space_then_tab,
     input: "a:
  0
@@ -1581,7 +1572,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   InconsistentLeadingWhitespace{expected: " ", found: "\t"},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:  tokenize_tabs_then_tab_space,
     input: "a:
 \t\t0
@@ -1595,7 +1586,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   InconsistentLeadingWhitespace{expected: "\t\t", found: "\t "},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   tokenize_unknown,
     input:  "~",
     offset: 0,
@@ -1605,7 +1596,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnknownStartOfToken,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unterminated_string_with_escapes,
     input:  r#"a = "\n\t\r\"\\"#,
     offset: 4,
@@ -1615,7 +1606,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnterminatedString,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unterminated_raw_string,
     input:  "r a='asdf",
     offset: 4,
@@ -1625,7 +1616,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnterminatedString,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unterminated_interpolation,
     input:  "foo:\n echo {{
   ",
@@ -1636,7 +1627,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnterminatedInterpolation,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unterminated_backtick,
     input:  "`echo",
     offset: 0,
@@ -1646,7 +1637,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnterminatedBacktick,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unpaired_carriage_return,
     input:  "foo\rbar",
     offset: 3,
@@ -1656,7 +1647,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnpairedCarriageReturn,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unknown_start_of_token_ampersand,
     input:  " \r\n&",
     offset: 3,
@@ -1666,7 +1657,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnknownStartOfToken,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unknown_start_of_token_tilde,
     input:  "~",
     offset: 0,
@@ -1676,7 +1667,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnknownStartOfToken,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unterminated_string,
     input:  r#"a = ""#,
     offset: 4,
@@ -1686,7 +1677,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   UnterminatedString,
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   mixed_leading_whitespace,
     input:  "a:\n\t echo hello",
     offset: 3,
@@ -1696,7 +1687,7 @@ mod tests {
     kind:   MixedLeadingWhitespace{whitespace: "\t "},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  error! {
     name:   unclosed_interpolation_delimiter,
     input:  "a:\n echo {{ foo",
     offset: 9,

src/lib.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,14 @@ extern crate lazy_static;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[macro_use]
-mod testing;
+pub mod testing;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod tree;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod node;
 
 #[cfg(fuzzing)]
 pub(crate) mod fuzzing;
@@ -13,6 +20,8 @@ mod die;
 
 mod alias;
 mod alias_resolver;
+mod analyzer;
+mod assignment;
 mod assignment_evaluator;
 mod assignment_resolver;
 mod color;
@@ -20,6 +29,8 @@ mod command_ext;
 mod common;
 mod compilation_error;
 mod compilation_error_kind;
+mod compilation_result_ext;
+mod compiler;
 mod config;
 mod config_error;
 mod count;
@@ -33,10 +44,16 @@ mod function_context;
 mod functions;
 mod interrupt_guard;
 mod interrupt_handler;
+mod item;
 mod justfile;
+mod keyed;
+mod keyword;
 mod lexer;
+mod line;
 mod list;
 mod load_dotenv;
+mod module;
+mod name;
 mod ordinal;
 mod output;
 mod output_error;
@@ -58,6 +75,7 @@ mod show_whitespace;
 mod state;
 mod string_literal;
 mod subcommand;
+mod table;
 mod token;
 mod token_kind;
 mod use_color;

src/line.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+/// A single line in a recipe body, consisting of any number of
+/// `Fragment`s.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) struct Line<'src> {
+  pub(crate) fragments: Vec<Fragment<'src>>,
+}
+
+impl<'src> Line<'src> {
+  pub(crate) fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+    self.fragments.is_empty()
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn is_continuation(&self) -> bool {
+    match self.fragments.last() {
+      Some(Fragment::Text { token }) => token.lexeme().ends_with('\\'),
+      _ => false,
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn is_shebang(&self) -> bool {
+    match self.fragments.first() {
+      Some(Fragment::Text { token }) => token.lexeme().starts_with("#!"),
+      _ => false,
+    }
+  }
+}

src/module.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+/// A module, the top-level type produced by the parser. So-named because
+/// although at present, all justfiles consist of a single module, in the
+/// future we will likely have multi-module and multi-file justfiles.
+///
+/// Not all successful parses result in valid justfiles, so additional
+/// consistency checks and name resolution are performed by the `Analyzer`,
+/// which produces a `Justfile` from a `Module`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Module<'src> {
+  /// Items in the justfile
+  pub(crate) items: Vec<Item<'src>>,
+  /// Non-fatal warnings encountered during parsing
+  pub(crate) warnings: Vec<Warning<'src>>,
+}

src/name.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+/// A name. This is effectively just a `Token` of kind `Identifier`, but we
+/// give it its own type for clarity.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
+pub(crate) struct Name<'src> {
+  pub(crate) offset: usize,
+  pub(crate) length: usize,
+  pub(crate) line: usize,
+  pub(crate) column: usize,
+  pub(crate) src: &'src str,
+}
+
+impl<'src> Name<'src> {
+  /// The name's text contents
+  pub(crate) fn lexeme(&self) -> &'src str {
+    &self.src[self.offset..self.offset + self.length]
+  }
+
+  /// Turn this name back into a token
+  pub(crate) fn token(&self) -> Token<'src> {
+    Token {
+      kind: TokenKind::Identifier,
+      offset: self.offset,
+      length: self.length,
+      line: self.line,
+      column: self.column,
+      src: self.src,
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn from_identifier(token: Token<'src>) -> Name {
+    assert_eq!(token.kind, TokenKind::Identifier);
+    Name {
+      offset: token.offset,
+      length: token.length,
+      line: token.line,
+      column: token.column,
+      src: token.src,
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn error(&self, kind: CompilationErrorKind<'src>) -> CompilationError<'src> {
+    self.token().error(kind)
+  }
+}
+
+impl Display for Name<'_> {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    write!(f, "{}", self.lexeme())
+  }
+}

src/node.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+/// Methods commmon to all AST nodes. Currently only used in parser unit tests.
+pub(crate) trait Node<'src> {
+  /// Construct an untyped tree of atoms representing this Node. This function,
+  /// and `Tree` type, are only used in parser unit tests.
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src>;
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Module<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    Tree::atom("justfile")
+      .extend(self.items.iter().map(|item| item.tree()))
+      .extend(self.warnings.iter().map(|warning| warning.tree()))
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Item<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    match self {
+      Item::Alias(alias) => alias.tree(),
+      Item::Assignment(assignment) => assignment.tree(),
+      Item::Recipe(recipe) => recipe.tree(),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Alias<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    Tree::atom(keyword::ALIAS)
+      .push(self.name.lexeme())
+      .push(self.target.lexeme())
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Assignment<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    if self.export {
+      Tree::atom("assignment").push("#").push(keyword::EXPORT)
+    } else {
+      Tree::atom("assignment")
+    }
+    .push(self.name.lexeme())
+    .push(self.expression.tree())
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Expression<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    match self {
+      Expression::Concatination { lhs, rhs } => Tree::atom("+").push(lhs.tree()).push(rhs.tree()),
+      Expression::Call {
+        function,
+        arguments,
+      } => Tree::atom("call")
+        .push(function.lexeme())
+        .extend(arguments.iter().map(|argument| argument.tree())),
+      Expression::Variable { name } => Tree::atom(name.lexeme()),
+      Expression::StringLiteral {
+        string_literal: StringLiteral { cooked, .. },
+      } => Tree::string(cooked),
+      Expression::Backtick { contents, .. } => Tree::atom("backtick").push(Tree::string(contents)),
+      Expression::Group { contents } => Tree::List(vec![contents.tree()]),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Recipe<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    let mut t = Tree::atom("recipe");
+
+    if self.quiet {
+      t.push_mut("#");
+      t.push_mut("quiet");
+    }
+
+    if let Some(doc) = self.doc {
+      t.push_mut(Tree::string(doc));
+    }
+
+    t.push_mut(self.name.lexeme());
+
+    if !self.parameters.is_empty() {
+      let mut params = Tree::atom("params");
+
+      for parameter in &self.parameters {
+        if parameter.variadic {
+          params.push_mut("+");
+        }
+
+        params.push_mut(parameter.tree());
+      }
+
+      t.push_mut(params);
+    }
+
+    if !self.dependencies.is_empty() {
+      t = t.push(
+        Tree::atom("deps").extend(
+          self
+            .dependencies
+            .iter()
+            .map(|dependency| dependency.lexeme()),
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    if !self.body.is_empty() {
+      t.push_mut(Tree::atom("body").extend(self.body.iter().map(|line| line.tree())));
+    }
+
+    t
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Parameter<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    let mut children = Vec::new();
+    children.push(Tree::atom(self.name.lexeme()));
+
+    if let Some(default) = &self.default {
+      children.push(default.tree());
+    }
+
+    Tree::List(children)
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Line<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    Tree::list(self.fragments.iter().map(|fragment| fragment.tree()))
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Fragment<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    match self {
+      Fragment::Text { token } => Tree::string(token.lexeme()),
+      Fragment::Interpolation { expression } => Tree::List(vec![expression.tree()]),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'src> Node<'src> for Warning<'src> {
+  fn tree(&self) -> Tree<'src> {
+    match self {
+      Warning::DeprecatedEquals { .. } => Tree::atom("warning").push("deprecated_equals"),
+    }
+  }
+}

src/output_error.rs

@@ -25,4 +25,3 @@ impl Display for OutputError {
     }
   }
 }
-

src/parameter.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
+/// A single function parameter
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct Parameter<'a> {
+pub(crate) struct Parameter<'src> {
-  pub(crate) default: Option<Expression<'a>>,
+  /// The parameter name
-  pub(crate) name: &'a str,
+  pub(crate) name: Name<'src>,
-  pub(crate) token: Token<'a>,
+  /// Parameter is variadic
   pub(crate) variadic: bool,
+  /// An optional default expression
+  pub(crate) default: Option<Expression<'src>>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> Display for Parameter<'a> {
+impl<'src> Display for Parameter<'src> {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
     let color = Color::fmt(f);
     if self.variadic {
       write!(f, "{}", color.annotation().paint("+"))?;
     }
-    write!(f, "{}", color.parameter().paint(self.name))?;
+    write!(f, "{}", color.parameter().paint(self.name.lexeme()))?;
     if let Some(ref default) = self.default {
       write!(f, "={}", color.string().paint(&default.to_string()))?;
     }

src/range_ext.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
+mod tests {
   use super::*;
 
   #[test]

src/recipe.rs

@@ -22,14 +22,13 @@ fn error_from_signal(
   }
 }
 
+/// A recipe, e.g. `foo: bar baz`
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct Recipe<'a> {
-  pub(crate) dependencies: Vec<&'a str>,
+  pub(crate) dependencies: Vec<Name<'a>>,
-  pub(crate) dependency_tokens: Vec<Token<'a>>,
   pub(crate) doc: Option<&'a str>,
-  pub(crate) line_number: usize,
+  pub(crate) body: Vec<Line<'a>>,
-  pub(crate) lines: Vec<Vec<Fragment<'a>>>,
+  pub(crate) name: Name<'a>,
-  pub(crate) name: &'a str,
   pub(crate) parameters: Vec<Parameter<'a>>,
   pub(crate) private: bool,
   pub(crate) quiet: bool,
@@ -57,12 +56,19 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
     }
   }
 
+  pub(crate) fn name(&self) -> &'a str {
+    self.name.lexeme()
+  }
+
+  pub(crate) fn line_number(&self) -> usize {
+    self.name.line
+  }
+
   pub(crate) fn run(
     &self,
     context: &RecipeContext<'a>,
     arguments: &[&'a str],
     dotenv: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
-    exports: &BTreeSet<&'a str>,
   ) -> RunResult<'a, ()> {
     let config = &context.config;
 
@@ -88,7 +94,6 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
       scope: &context.scope,
       shell: config.shell,
       dotenv,
-      exports,
     };
 
     let mut rest = arguments;
@@ -111,13 +116,13 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
         rest = &rest[1..];
         value
       };
-      argument_map.insert(parameter.name, value);
+      argument_map.insert(parameter.name.lexeme(), value);
     }
 
     if self.shebang {
       let mut evaluated_lines = vec![];
-      for line in &self.lines {
+      for line in &self.body {
-        evaluated_lines.push(evaluator.evaluate_line(line, &argument_map)?);
+        evaluated_lines.push(evaluator.evaluate_line(&line.fragments, &argument_map)?);
       }
 
       if config.dry_run || self.quiet {
@@ -134,14 +139,14 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
         .prefix("just")
         .tempdir()
         .map_err(|error| RuntimeError::TmpdirIoError {
-          recipe: self.name,
+          recipe: self.name(),
           io_error: error,
         })?;
       let mut path = tmp.path().to_path_buf();
-      path.push(self.name);
+      path.push(self.name());
       {
         let mut f = fs::File::create(&path).map_err(|error| RuntimeError::TmpdirIoError {
-          recipe: self.name,
+          recipe: self.name(),
           io_error: error,
         })?;
         let mut text = String::new();
@@ -151,7 +156,7 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
         // add blank lines so that lines in the generated script
         // have the same line number as the corresponding lines
         // in the justfile
-        for _ in 1..(self.line_number + 2) {
+        for _ in 1..(self.line_number() + 2) {
           text += "\n"
         }
         for line in &evaluated_lines[1..] {
@@ -165,14 +170,14 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
 
         f.write_all(text.as_bytes())
           .map_err(|error| RuntimeError::TmpdirIoError {
-            recipe: self.name,
+            recipe: self.name(),
             io_error: error,
           })?;
       }
 
       // make the script executable
       Platform::set_execute_permission(&path).map_err(|error| RuntimeError::TmpdirIoError {
-        recipe: self.name,
+        recipe: self.name(),
         io_error: error,
       })?;
 
@@ -193,12 +198,12 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
       let mut command =
         Platform::make_shebang_command(&path, interpreter, argument).map_err(|output_error| {
           RuntimeError::Cygpath {
-            recipe: self.name,
+            recipe: self.name(),
             output_error,
           }
         })?;
 
-      command.export_environment_variables(&context.scope, dotenv, exports)?;
+      command.export_environment_variables(&context.scope, dotenv)?;
 
       // run it!
       match InterruptHandler::guard(|| command.status()) {
@@ -206,18 +211,18 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
           if let Some(code) = exit_status.code() {
             if code != 0 {
               return Err(RuntimeError::Code {
-                recipe: self.name,
+                recipe: self.name(),
                 line_number: None,
                 code,
               });
             }
           } else {
-            return Err(error_from_signal(self.name, None, exit_status));
+            return Err(error_from_signal(self.name(), None, exit_status));
           }
         }
         Err(io_error) => {
           return Err(RuntimeError::Shebang {
-            recipe: self.name,
+            recipe: self.name(),
             command: interpreter.to_string(),
             argument: argument.map(String::from),
             io_error,
@@ -225,8 +230,8 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
         }
       };
     } else {
-      let mut lines = self.lines.iter().peekable();
+      let mut lines = self.body.iter().peekable();
-      let mut line_number = self.line_number + 1;
+      let mut line_number = self.line_number() + 1;
       loop {
         if lines.peek().is_none() {
           break;
@@ -238,8 +243,8 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
           }
           let line = lines.next().unwrap();
           line_number += 1;
-          evaluated += &evaluator.evaluate_line(line, &argument_map)?;
+          evaluated += &evaluator.evaluate_line(&line.fragments, &argument_map)?;
-          if line.last().map(Fragment::continuation).unwrap_or(false) {
+          if line.is_continuation() {
             evaluated.pop();
           } else {
             break;
@@ -280,25 +285,29 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
           cmd.stdout(Stdio::null());
         }
 
-        cmd.export_environment_variables(&context.scope, dotenv, exports)?;
+        cmd.export_environment_variables(&context.scope, dotenv)?;
 
         match InterruptHandler::guard(|| cmd.status()) {
           Ok(exit_status) => {
             if let Some(code) = exit_status.code() {
               if code != 0 {
                 return Err(RuntimeError::Code {
-                  recipe: self.name,
+                  recipe: self.name(),
                   line_number: Some(line_number),
                   code,
                 });
               }
             } else {
-              return Err(error_from_signal(self.name, Some(line_number), exit_status));
+              return Err(error_from_signal(
+                self.name(),
+                Some(line_number),
+                exit_status,
+              ));
             }
           }
           Err(io_error) => {
             return Err(RuntimeError::IoError {
-              recipe: self.name,
+              recipe: self.name(),
               io_error,
             });
           }
@@ -309,6 +318,12 @@ impl<'a> Recipe<'a> {
   }
 }
 
+impl<'src> Keyed<'src> for Recipe<'src> {
+  fn key(&self) -> &'src str {
+    self.name.lexeme()
+  }
+}
+
 impl<'a> Display for Recipe<'a> {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
     if let Some(doc) = self.doc {
@@ -329,20 +344,20 @@ impl<'a> Display for Recipe<'a> {
       write!(f, " {}", dependency)?;
     }
 
-    for (i, pieces) in self.lines.iter().enumerate() {
+    for (i, line) in self.body.iter().enumerate() {
       if i == 0 {
         writeln!(f)?;
       }
-      for (j, piece) in pieces.iter().enumerate() {
+      for (j, fragment) in line.fragments.iter().enumerate() {
         if j == 0 {
           write!(f, "    ")?;
         }
-        match *piece {
+        match fragment {
-          Fragment::Text { ref text } => write!(f, "{}", text.lexeme())?,
+          Fragment::Text { token } => write!(f, "{}", token.lexeme())?,
-          Fragment::Expression { ref expression, .. } => write!(f, "{{{{{}}}}}", expression)?,
+          Fragment::Interpolation { expression, .. } => write!(f, "{{{{{}}}}}", expression)?,
         }
       }
-      if i + 1 < self.lines.len() {
+      if i + 1 < self.body.len() {
         writeln!(f)?;
       }
     }

src/recipe_context.rs

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ use crate::common::*;
 
 pub(crate) struct RecipeContext<'a> {
   pub(crate) config: &'a Config<'a>,
-  pub(crate) scope: BTreeMap<&'a str, String>,
+  pub(crate) scope: BTreeMap<&'a str, (bool, String)>,
 }

src/recipe_resolver.rs

@@ -17,22 +17,19 @@ pub(crate) struct RecipeResolver<'a: 'b, 'b> {
   seen: BTreeSet<&'a str>,
   resolved: BTreeSet<&'a str>,
   recipes: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Recipe<'a>>,
-  assignments: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Expression<'a>>,
+  assignments: &'b BTreeMap<&'a str, Assignment<'a>>,
-  text: &'a str,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'b> RecipeResolver<'a, 'b> {
   pub(crate) fn resolve_recipes(
     recipes: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Recipe<'a>>,
-    assignments: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Expression<'a>>,
+    assignments: &BTreeMap<&'a str, Assignment<'a>>,
-    text: &'a str,
   ) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
     let mut resolver = RecipeResolver {
       seen: empty(),
       stack: empty(),
       resolved: empty(),
       assignments,
-      text,
       recipes,
     };
 
@@ -48,19 +45,19 @@ impl<'a, 'b> RecipeResolver<'a, 'b> {
             resolver.resolve_function(function, argc)?;
           }
           for variable in expression.variables() {
-            resolver.resolve_variable(variable, &[])?;
+            resolver.resolve_variable(&variable, &[])?;
           }
         }
       }
 
-      for line in &recipe.lines {
+      for line in &recipe.body {
-        for fragment in line {
+        for fragment in &line.fragments {
-          if let Fragment::Expression { ref expression, .. } = *fragment {
+          if let Fragment::Interpolation { expression, .. } = fragment {
             for (function, argc) in expression.functions() {
               resolver.resolve_function(function, argc)?;
             }
             for variable in expression.variables() {
-              resolver.resolve_variable(variable, &recipe.parameters)?;
+              resolver.resolve_variable(&variable, &recipe.parameters)?;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -70,27 +67,27 @@ impl<'a, 'b> RecipeResolver<'a, 'b> {
     Ok(())
   }
 
-  fn resolve_function(&self, function: &Token, argc: usize) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
+  fn resolve_function(&self, function: Token<'a>, argc: usize) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
-    Function::resolve(function, argc).map_err(|error| CompilationError {
+    Function::resolve(&function, argc).map_err(|error| CompilationError {
       offset: error.offset,
       line: error.line,
       column: error.column,
       width: error.width,
       kind: UnknownFunction {
-        function: &self.text[error.offset..error.offset + error.width],
+        function: &function.src[error.offset..error.offset + error.width],
       },
-      text: self.text,
+      src: function.src,
     })
   }
 
   fn resolve_variable(
     &self,
-    variable: &Token,
+    variable: &Token<'a>,
     parameters: &[Parameter],
   ) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
     let name = variable.lexeme();
     let undefined =
-      !self.assignments.contains_key(name) && !parameters.iter().any(|p| p.name == name);
+      !self.assignments.contains_key(name) && !parameters.iter().any(|p| p.name.lexeme() == name);
     if undefined {
       let error = variable.error(UndefinedVariable { variable: name });
       return Err(CompilationError {
@@ -99,9 +96,9 @@ impl<'a, 'b> RecipeResolver<'a, 'b> {
         column: error.column,
         width: error.width,
         kind: UndefinedVariable {
-          variable: &self.text[error.offset..error.offset + error.width],
+          variable: &variable.src[error.offset..error.offset + error.width],
         },
-        text: self.text,
+        src: variable.src,
       });
     }
 
@@ -109,25 +106,29 @@ impl<'a, 'b> RecipeResolver<'a, 'b> {
   }
 
   fn resolve_recipe(&mut self, recipe: &Recipe<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, ()> {
-    if self.resolved.contains(recipe.name) {
+    if self.resolved.contains(recipe.name()) {
       return Ok(());
     }
-    self.stack.push(recipe.name);
+    self.stack.push(recipe.name());
-    self.seen.insert(recipe.name);
+    self.seen.insert(recipe.name());
-    for dependency_token in &recipe.dependency_tokens {
+    for dependency_token in recipe
+      .dependencies
+      .iter()
+      .map(|dependency| dependency.token())
+    {
       match self.recipes.get(dependency_token.lexeme()) {
         Some(dependency) => {
-          if !self.resolved.contains(dependency.name) {
+          if !self.resolved.contains(dependency.name()) {
-            if self.seen.contains(dependency.name) {
+            if self.seen.contains(dependency.name()) {
               let first = self.stack[0];
               self.stack.push(first);
               return Err(
                 dependency_token.error(CircularRecipeDependency {
-                  recipe: recipe.name,
+                  recipe: recipe.name(),
                   circle: self
                     .stack
                     .iter()
-                    .skip_while(|name| **name != dependency.name)
+                    .skip_while(|name| **name != dependency.name())
                     .cloned()
                     .collect(),
                 }),
@@ -138,23 +139,23 @@ impl<'a, 'b> RecipeResolver<'a, 'b> {
         }
         None => {
           return Err(dependency_token.error(UnknownDependency {
-            recipe: recipe.name,
+            recipe: recipe.name(),
             unknown: dependency_token.lexeme(),
           }));
         }
       }
     }
-    self.resolved.insert(recipe.name);
+    self.resolved.insert(recipe.name());
     self.stack.pop();
     Ok(())
   }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
+mod tests {
   use super::*;
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   circular_recipe_dependency,
     input:  "a: b\nb: a",
     offset: 8,
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   CircularRecipeDependency{recipe: "b", circle: vec!["a", "b", "a"]},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   self_recipe_dependency,
     input:  "a: a",
     offset: 3,
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   CircularRecipeDependency{recipe: "a", circle: vec!["a", "a"]},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   unknown_dependency,
     input:  "a: b",
     offset: 3,
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   UnknownDependency{recipe: "a", unknown: "b"},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   unknown_interpolation_variable,
     input:  "x:\n {{   hello}}",
     offset: 9,
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   UndefinedVariable{variable: "hello"},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   unknown_second_interpolation_variable,
     input:  "wtf=\"x\"\nx:\n echo\n foo {{wtf}} {{ lol }}",
     offset: 33,
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   UndefinedVariable{variable: "lol"},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   unknown_function_in_interpolation,
     input:  "a:\n echo {{bar()}}",
     offset: 11,
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   UnknownFunction{function: "bar"},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   unknown_function_in_default,
     input:  "a f=baz():",
     offset: 4,
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ mod test {
     kind:   UnknownFunction{function: "baz"},
   }
 
-  error_test! {
+  analysis_error! {
     name:   unknown_variable_in_default,
     input:  "a f=foo:",
     offset: 4,

src/run.rs

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<(), i32> {
     }
   }
 
-  let justfile = match Parser::parse(&text) {
+  let justfile = match Compiler::compile(&text) {
     Err(error) => {
       if config.color.stderr().active() {
         eprintln!("{:#}", error);
@@ -177,15 +177,15 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<(), i32> {
     // Construct a target to alias map.
     let mut recipe_aliases: BTreeMap<&str, Vec<&str>> = BTreeMap::new();
     for alias in justfile.aliases.values() {
-      if alias.private {
+      if alias.is_private() {
         continue;
       }
 
-      if !recipe_aliases.contains_key(alias.target) {
+      if !recipe_aliases.contains_key(alias.target.lexeme()) {
-        recipe_aliases.insert(alias.target, vec![alias.name]);
+        recipe_aliases.insert(alias.target.lexeme(), vec![alias.name.lexeme()]);
       } else {
-        let aliases = recipe_aliases.get_mut(alias.target).unwrap();
+        let aliases = recipe_aliases.get_mut(alias.target.lexeme()).unwrap();
-        aliases.push(alias.name);
+        aliases.push(alias.name.lexeme());
       }
     }
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<(), i32> {
 
   if let Subcommand::Show { name } = config.subcommand {
     if let Some(alias) = justfile.get_alias(name) {
-      let recipe = justfile.get_recipe(alias.target).unwrap();
+      let recipe = justfile.get_recipe(alias.target.lexeme()).unwrap();
       println!("{}", alias);
       println!("{}", recipe);
       return Ok(());
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<(), i32> {
         Count("argument", min_arguments),
       );
     }
-    vec![recipe.name]
+    vec![recipe.name()]
   } else {
     die!("Justfile contains no recipes.");
   };

src/runtime_error.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub(crate) enum RuntimeError<'a> {
     dotenv_error: dotenv::Error,
   },
   FunctionCall {
-    token: Token<'a>,
+    function: Name<'a>,
     message: String,
   },
   Internal {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl<'a> Display for RuntimeError<'a> {
     let message = color.message();
     write!(f, "{} {}", error.paint("error:"), message.prefix())?;
 
-    let mut error_token = None;
+    let mut error_token: Option<Token> = None;
 
     match *self {
       UnknownRecipes {
@@ -235,16 +235,16 @@ impl<'a> Display for RuntimeError<'a> {
         writeln!(f, "Failed to load .env: {}", dotenv_error)?;
       }
       FunctionCall {
-        ref token,
+        ref function,
         ref message,
       } => {
         writeln!(
           f,
           "Call to function `{}` failed: {}",
-          token.lexeme(),
+          function.lexeme(),
           message
         )?;
-        error_token = Some(token);
+        error_token = Some(function.token());
       }
       Shebang {
         recipe,
@@ -332,15 +332,15 @@ impl<'a> Display for RuntimeError<'a> {
       } => match *output_error {
         OutputError::Code(code) => {
           writeln!(f, "Backtick failed with exit code {}", code)?;
-          error_token = Some(token);
+          error_token = Some(*token);
         }
         OutputError::Signal(signal) => {
           writeln!(f, "Backtick was terminated by signal {}", signal)?;
-          error_token = Some(token);
+          error_token = Some(*token);
         }
         OutputError::Unknown => {
           writeln!(f, "Backtick failed for an unknown reason")?;
-          error_token = Some(token);
+          error_token = Some(*token);
         }
         OutputError::Io(ref io_error) => {
           match io_error.kind() {
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ impl<'a> Display for RuntimeError<'a> {
               io_error
             ),
           }?;
-          error_token = Some(token);
+          error_token = Some(*token);
         }
         OutputError::Utf8(ref utf8_error) => {
           writeln!(
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ impl<'a> Display for RuntimeError<'a> {
             "Backtick succeeded but stdout was not utf8: {}",
             utf8_error
           )?;
-          error_token = Some(token);
+          error_token = Some(*token);
         }
       },
       Internal { ref message } => {
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ impl<'a> Display for RuntimeError<'a> {
       write_message_context(
         f,
         Color::fmt(f).error(),
-        token.text,
+        token.src,
         token.offset,
         token.line,
         token.column,

src/shebang.rs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl<'a> Shebang<'a> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
+mod tests {
   use super::Shebang;
 
   #[test]

src/string_literal.rs

@@ -1,59 +1,12 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct StringLiteral<'a> {
+pub(crate) struct StringLiteral<'src> {
-  pub(crate) raw: &'a str,
+  pub(crate) raw: &'src str,
-  pub(crate) cooked: Cow<'a, str>,
+  pub(crate) cooked: Cow<'src, str>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> StringLiteral<'a> {
+impl Display for StringLiteral<'_> {
-  pub(crate) fn new(token: &Token<'a>) -> CompilationResult<'a, StringLiteral<'a>> {
-    let raw = &token.lexeme()[1..token.lexeme().len() - 1];
-
-    if let TokenKind::StringRaw = token.kind {
-      Ok(StringLiteral {
-        cooked: Cow::Borrowed(raw),
-        raw,
-      })
-    } else if let TokenKind::StringCooked = token.kind {
-      let mut cooked = String::new();
-      let mut escape = false;
-      for c in raw.chars() {
-        if escape {
-          match c {
-            'n' => cooked.push('\n'),
-            'r' => cooked.push('\r'),
-            't' => cooked.push('\t'),
-            '\\' => cooked.push('\\'),
-            '"' => cooked.push('"'),
-            other => {
-              return Err(
-                token.error(CompilationErrorKind::InvalidEscapeSequence { character: other }),
-              );
-            }
-          }
-          escape = false;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if c == '\\' {
-          escape = true;
-          continue;
-        }
-        cooked.push(c);
-      }
-      Ok(StringLiteral {
-        raw,
-        cooked: Cow::Owned(cooked),
-      })
-    } else {
-      Err(token.error(CompilationErrorKind::Internal {
-        message: "cook_string() called on non-string token".to_string(),
-      }))
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl<'a> Display for StringLiteral<'a> {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
     match self.cooked {
       Cow::Borrowed(raw) => write!(f, "'{}'", raw),

src/summary.rs

@@ -18,12 +18,19 @@ use std::{
   path::Path,
 };
 
-use crate::{expression, fragment, justfile::Justfile, parameter, parser::Parser, recipe};
+use crate::compiler::Compiler;
+
+mod full {
+  pub(crate) use crate::{
+    assignment::Assignment, expression::Expression, fragment::Fragment, justfile::Justfile,
+    line::Line, parameter::Parameter, recipe::Recipe,
+  };
+}
 
 pub fn summary(path: &Path) -> Result<Result<Summary, String>, io::Error> {
   let text = fs::read_to_string(path)?;
 
-  match Parser::parse(&text) {
+  match Compiler::compile(&text) {
     Ok(justfile) => Ok(Ok(Summary::new(justfile))),
     Err(compilation_error) => Ok(Err(compilation_error.to_string())),
   }
@@ -36,14 +43,12 @@ pub struct Summary {
 }
 
 impl Summary {
-  fn new(justfile: Justfile) -> Summary {
+  fn new(justfile: full::Justfile) -> Summary {
-    let exports = justfile.exports;
-
     let mut aliases = BTreeMap::new();
 
     for alias in justfile.aliases.values() {
       aliases
-        .entry(alias.target)
+        .entry(alias.target.lexeme())
         .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
         .push(alias.name.to_string());
     }
@@ -62,12 +67,7 @@ impl Summary {
       assignments: justfile
         .assignments
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|(name, expression)| {
+        .map(|(name, assignment)| (name.to_string(), Assignment::new(assignment)))
-          (
-            name.to_string(),
-            Assignment::new(name, expression, &exports),
-          )
-        })
         .collect(),
     }
   }
@@ -85,13 +85,17 @@ pub struct Recipe {
 }
 
 impl Recipe {
-  fn new(recipe: recipe::Recipe, aliases: Vec<String>) -> Recipe {
+  fn new(recipe: full::Recipe, aliases: Vec<String>) -> Recipe {
     Recipe {
       private: recipe.private,
       shebang: recipe.shebang,
       quiet: recipe.quiet,
-      dependencies: recipe.dependencies.into_iter().map(str::to_owned).collect(),
+      dependencies: recipe
-      lines: recipe.lines.into_iter().map(Line::new).collect(),
+        .dependencies
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|name| name.lexeme().to_string())
+        .collect(),
+      lines: recipe.body.into_iter().map(Line::new).collect(),
       parameters: recipe.parameters.into_iter().map(Parameter::new).collect(),
       aliases,
     }
@@ -106,10 +110,10 @@ pub struct Parameter {
 }
 
 impl Parameter {
-  fn new(parameter: parameter::Parameter) -> Parameter {
+  fn new(parameter: full::Parameter) -> Parameter {
     Parameter {
       variadic: parameter.variadic,
-      name: parameter.name.to_owned(),
+      name: parameter.name.lexeme().to_owned(),
       default: parameter.default.map(Expression::new),
     }
   }
@@ -121,9 +125,9 @@ pub struct Line {
 }
 
 impl Line {
-  fn new(fragments: Vec<fragment::Fragment>) -> Line {
+  fn new(line: full::Line) -> Line {
     Line {
-      fragments: fragments.into_iter().map(Fragment::new).collect(),
+      fragments: line.fragments.into_iter().map(Fragment::new).collect(),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -135,12 +139,12 @@ pub enum Fragment {
 }
 
 impl Fragment {
-  fn new(fragment: fragment::Fragment) -> Fragment {
+  fn new(fragment: full::Fragment) -> Fragment {
     match fragment {
-      fragment::Fragment::Text { text } => Fragment::Text {
+      full::Fragment::Text { token } => Fragment::Text {
-        text: text.lexeme().to_owned(),
+        text: token.lexeme().to_owned(),
       },
-      fragment::Fragment::Expression { expression } => Fragment::Expression {
+      full::Fragment::Interpolation { expression } => Fragment::Expression {
         expression: Expression::new(expression),
       },
     }
@@ -154,10 +158,10 @@ pub struct Assignment {
 }
 
 impl Assignment {
-  fn new(name: &str, expression: expression::Expression, exports: &BTreeSet<&str>) -> Assignment {
+  fn new(assignment: full::Assignment) -> Assignment {
     Assignment {
-      exported: exports.contains(name),
+      exported: assignment.export,
-      expression: Expression::new(expression),
+      expression: Expression::new(assignment.expression),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -184,29 +188,30 @@ pub enum Expression {
 }
 
 impl Expression {
-  fn new(expression: expression::Expression) -> Expression {
+  fn new(expression: full::Expression) -> Expression {
-    use expression::Expression::*;
+    use full::Expression::*;
     match expression {
-      Backtick { raw, .. } => Expression::Backtick {
+      Backtick { contents, .. } => Expression::Backtick {
-        command: raw.to_owned(),
+        command: contents.to_owned(),
       },
       Call {
-        name, arguments, ..
+        function,
+        arguments,
       } => Expression::Call {
-        name: name.to_owned(),
+        name: function.lexeme().to_owned(),
         arguments: arguments.into_iter().map(Expression::new).collect(),
       },
       Concatination { lhs, rhs } => Expression::Concatination {
         lhs: Box::new(Expression::new(*lhs)),
         rhs: Box::new(Expression::new(*rhs)),
       },
-      String { cooked_string } => Expression::String {
+      StringLiteral { string_literal } => Expression::String {
-        text: cooked_string.cooked.to_string(),
+        text: string_literal.cooked.to_string(),
       },
       Variable { name, .. } => Expression::Variable {
-        name: name.to_owned(),
+        name: name.lexeme().to_owned(),
       },
-      Group { expression } => Expression::new(*expression),
+      Group { contents } => Expression::new(*contents),
     }
   }
 }

src/table.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) struct Table<'key, V: Keyed<'key>> {
+  map: BTreeMap<&'key str, V>,
+}
+
+impl<'key, V: Keyed<'key>> Table<'key, V> {
+  pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, value: V) {
+    self.map.insert(value.key(), value);
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'key, V: Keyed<'key>> FromIterator<V> for Table<'key, V> {
+  fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = V>>(iter: I) -> Self {
+    Table {
+      map: iter.into_iter().map(|value| (value.key(), value)).collect(),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'key, V: Keyed<'key>> Deref for Table<'key, V> {
+  type Target = BTreeMap<&'key str, V>;
+
+  fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+    &self.map
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'key, V: Keyed<'key>> IntoIterator for Table<'key, V> {
+  type Item = (&'key str, V);
+  type IntoIter = std::collections::btree_map::IntoIter<&'key str, V>;
+
+  fn into_iter(self) -> std::collections::btree_map::IntoIter<&'key str, V> {
+    self.map.into_iter()
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'table, V: Keyed<'table> + 'table> IntoIterator for &'table Table<'table, V> {
+  type Item = (&'table &'table str, &'table V);
+  type IntoIter = std::collections::btree_map::Iter<'table, &'table str, V>;
+
+  fn into_iter(self) -> std::collections::btree_map::Iter<'table, &'table str, V> {
+    self.map.iter()
+  }
+}

src/testing.rs

@@ -1,49 +1,81 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
-pub(crate) fn parse(text: &str) -> Justfile {
+pub(crate) fn compile(text: &str) -> Justfile {
-  match Parser::parse(text) {
+  match Compiler::compile(text) {
     Ok(justfile) => justfile,
-    Err(error) => panic!("Expected successful parse but got error:\n {}", error),
+    Err(error) => panic!("Expected successful compilation but got error:\n {}", error),
   }
 }
 
 pub(crate) use test_utilities::{tempdir, unindent};
 
-macro_rules! error_test {
+macro_rules! analysis_error {
   (
-    name:   $name:ident,
+      name:   $name:ident,
-    input:  $input:expr,
+      input:  $input:expr,
-    offset: $offset:expr,
+      offset: $offset:expr,
-    line:   $line:expr,
+      line:   $line:expr,
-    column: $column:expr,
+      column: $column:expr,
-    width:  $width:expr,
+      width:  $width:expr,
-    kind:   $kind:expr,
+      kind:   $kind:expr,
-  ) => {
+    ) => {
     #[test]
     fn $name() {
-      let text: &str = $input;
+      $crate::testing::error($input, $offset, $line, $column, $width, $kind);
-      let offset: usize = $offset;
-      let column: usize = $column;
-      let width: usize = $width;
-      let line: usize = $line;
-      let kind: CompilationErrorKind = $kind;
-
-      let expected = CompilationError {
-        text,
-        offset,
-        line,
-        column,
-        width,
-        kind,
-      };
-
-      match Parser::parse(text) {
-        Ok(_) => panic!("Compilation succeeded but expected: {}\n{}", expected, text),
-        Err(actual) => {
-          use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
-          assert_eq!(actual, expected);
-        }
-      }
     }
   };
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn error(
+  src: &str,
+  offset: usize,
+  line: usize,
+  column: usize,
+  width: usize,
+  kind: CompilationErrorKind,
+) {
+  let expected = CompilationError {
+    src,
+    offset,
+    line,
+    column,
+    width,
+    kind,
+  };
+
+  let tokens = Lexer::lex(src).expect("Lexing failed in parse test...");
+
+  let module = Parser::parse(&tokens).expect("Parsing failed in analysis test...");
+
+  match Analyzer::analyze(module) {
+    Ok(_) => panic!("Analysis succeeded but expected: {}\n{}", expected, src),
+    Err(actual) => {
+      assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn readme_test() {
+  let mut justfiles = vec![];
+  let mut current = None;
+
+  for line in fs::read_to_string("README.adoc").unwrap().lines() {
+    if let Some(mut justfile) = current {
+      if line == "```" {
+        justfiles.push(justfile);
+        current = None;
+      } else {
+        justfile += line;
+        justfile += "\n";
+        current = Some(justfile);
+      }
+    } else if line == "```make" {
+      current = Some(String::new());
+    }
+  }
+
+  for justfile in justfiles {
+    compile(&justfile);
+  }
+}

src/token.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
 pub(crate) struct Token<'a> {
   pub(crate) offset: usize,
   pub(crate) length: usize,
   pub(crate) line: usize,
   pub(crate) column: usize,
-  pub(crate) text: &'a str,
+  pub(crate) src: &'a str,
   pub(crate) kind: TokenKind,
 }
 
 impl<'a> Token<'a> {
   pub(crate) fn lexeme(&self) -> &'a str {
-    &self.text[self.offset..self.offset + self.length]
+    &self.src[self.offset..self.offset + self.length]
   }
 
   pub(crate) fn error(&self, kind: CompilationErrorKind<'a>) -> CompilationError<'a> {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ impl<'a> Token<'a> {
       column: self.column,
       offset: self.offset,
       line: self.line,
-      text: self.text,
+      src: self.src,
       width: self.length,
       kind,
     }

src/token_kind.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq)]
 pub(crate) enum TokenKind {
   At,
   Backtick,
@@ -12,16 +12,15 @@ pub(crate) enum TokenKind {
   Eof,
   Eol,
   Equals,
+  Identifier,
   Indent,
   InterpolationEnd,
   InterpolationStart,
-  Line,
-  Name,
   ParenL,
   ParenR,
   Plus,
-  StringRaw,
   StringCooked,
+  StringRaw,
   Text,
   Whitespace,
 }
@@ -43,16 +42,15 @@ impl Display for TokenKind {
         Eof => "end of file",
         Eol => "end of line",
         Equals => "'='",
+        Identifier => "identifier",
         Indent => "indent",
         InterpolationEnd => "'}}'",
         InterpolationStart => "'{{'",
-        Line => "command",
-        Name => "name",
         ParenL => "'('",
         ParenR => "')'",
         Plus => "'+'",
-        StringRaw => "raw string",
         StringCooked => "cooked string",
+        StringRaw => "raw string",
         Text => "command text",
         Whitespace => "whitespace",
       }

src/tree.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+use crate::common::*;
+
+use std::mem;
+
+/// Construct a `Tree` from a symbolic expression literal. This macro, and the
+/// Tree type, are only used in the Parser unit tests, as a concise notation
+/// representing the expected results of parsing a given string.
+macro_rules! tree {
+  {
+    ($($child:tt)*)
+  } => {
+    $crate::tree::Tree::List(vec![$(tree!($child),)*])
+  };
+
+  {
+    $atom:ident
+  } => {
+    $crate::tree::Tree::atom(stringify!($atom))
+  };
+
+  {
+    $atom:literal
+  } => {
+    $crate::tree::Tree::atom(format!("\"{}\"", $atom))
+  };
+
+  {
+    #
+  } => {
+    $crate::tree::Tree::atom("#")
+  };
+
+  {
+    +
+  } => {
+    $crate::tree::Tree::atom("+")
+  };
+}
+
+/// A `Tree` is either…
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) enum Tree<'text> {
+  /// …an atom containing text, or…
+  Atom(Cow<'text, str>),
+  /// …a list containing zero or more `Tree`s.
+  List(Vec<Tree<'text>>),
+}
+
+impl<'text> Tree<'text> {
+  /// Construct an Atom from a text scalar
+  pub(crate) fn atom(text: impl Into<Cow<'text, str>>) -> Tree<'text> {
+    Tree::Atom(text.into())
+  }
+
+  /// Construct a List from an iterable of trees
+  pub(crate) fn list(children: impl IntoIterator<Item = Tree<'text>>) -> Tree<'text> {
+    Tree::List(children.into_iter().collect())
+  }
+
+  /// Convenience function to create an atom containing quoted text
+  pub(crate) fn string(contents: impl AsRef<str>) -> Tree<'text> {
+    Tree::atom(format!("\"{}\"", contents.as_ref()))
+  }
+
+  /// Push a child node into self, turning it into a List if it was an Atom
+  pub(crate) fn push(self, tree: impl Into<Tree<'text>>) -> Tree<'text> {
+    match self {
+      Tree::List(mut children) => {
+        children.push(tree.into());
+        Tree::List(children)
+      }
+      Tree::Atom(text) => Tree::List(vec![Tree::Atom(text), tree.into()]),
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Extend a self with a tail of Trees, turning self into a List if it
+  /// was an Atom
+  pub(crate) fn extend<I, T>(self, tail: I) -> Tree<'text>
+  where
+    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
+    T: Into<Tree<'text>>,
+  {
+    // Tree::List(children.into_iter().collect())
+    let mut head = match self {
+      Tree::List(children) => children,
+      Tree::Atom(text) => vec![Tree::Atom(text)],
+    };
+
+    for child in tail {
+      head.push(child.into());
+    }
+
+    Tree::List(head)
+  }
+
+  /// Like `push`, but modify self in-place
+  pub(crate) fn push_mut(&mut self, tree: impl Into<Tree<'text>>) {
+    let tree = mem::replace(self, Tree::List(Vec::new())).push(tree.into());
+    mem::replace(self, tree);
+  }
+}
+
+impl Display for Tree<'_> {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    match self {
+      Tree::List(children) => {
+        write!(f, "(")?;
+
+        for (i, child) in children.iter().enumerate() {
+          if i > 0 {
+            write!(f, " ")?;
+          }
+          write!(f, "{}", child)?;
+        }
+
+        write!(f, ")")
+      }
+      Tree::Atom(text) => write!(f, "{}", text),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'text, T> From<T> for Tree<'text>
+where
+  T: Into<Cow<'text, str>>,
+{
+  fn from(text: T) -> Tree<'text> {
+    Tree::Atom(text.into())
+  }
+}

src/variables.rs

@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
 use crate::common::*;
 
-pub(crate) struct Variables<'a> {
+pub(crate) struct Variables<'expression, 'src> {
-  stack: Vec<&'a Expression<'a>>,
+  stack: Vec<&'expression Expression<'src>>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> Variables<'a> {
+impl<'expression, 'src> Variables<'expression, 'src> {
-  pub(crate) fn new(root: &'a Expression<'a>) -> Variables<'a> {
+  pub(crate) fn new(root: &'expression Expression<'src>) -> Variables<'expression, 'src> {
     Variables { stack: vec![root] }
   }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for Variables<'a> {
+impl<'expression, 'src> Iterator for Variables<'expression, 'src> {
-  type Item = &'a Token<'a>;
+  type Item = Token<'src>;
 
-  fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a Token<'a>> {
+  fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Token<'src>> {
     match self.stack.pop() {
       None
-      | Some(Expression::String { .. })
+      | Some(Expression::StringLiteral { .. })
       | Some(Expression::Backtick { .. })
       | Some(Expression::Call { .. }) => None,
-      Some(Expression::Variable { token, .. }) => Some(token),
+      Some(Expression::Variable { name, .. }) => Some(name.token()),
       Some(Expression::Concatination { lhs, rhs }) => {
         self.stack.push(lhs);
         self.stack.push(rhs);
         self.next()
       }
-      Some(Expression::Group { expression }) => {
+      Some(Expression::Group { contents }) => {
-        self.stack.push(expression);
+        self.stack.push(contents);
         self.next()
       }
     }

src/warning.rs

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ use crate::common::*;
 
 use Warning::*;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub(crate) enum Warning<'a> {
+pub(crate) enum Warning<'src> {
-  DeprecatedEquals { equals: Token<'a> },
+  DeprecatedEquals { equals: Token<'src> },
 }
 
-impl Warning<'_> {
+impl<'src> Warning<'src> {
-  fn context(&self) -> Option<&Token> {
+  fn context(&self) -> Option<&Token<'src>> {
     match self {
       DeprecatedEquals { equals } => Some(equals),
     }
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl Display for Warning<'_> {
       write_message_context(
         f,
         Color::fmt(f).warning(),
-        token.text,
+        token.src,
         token.offset,
         token.line,
         token.column,

tests/integration.rs

@@ -1503,7 +1503,7 @@ integration_test! {
   justfile: "foo: 'bar'",
   args:     ("foo"),
   stdout:   "",
-  stderr:   "error: Expected name, end of line, or end of file, but found raw string
+  stderr:   "error: Expected end of file, end of line, or identifier, but found raw string
   |
 1 | foo: 'bar'
   |      ^^^^^
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ integration_test! {
   justfile: "foo 'bar'",
   args:     ("foo"),
   stdout:   "",
-  stderr:   "error: Expected name, '+', ':', or ':=', but found raw string
+  stderr:   "error: Expected ':', ':=', identifier, or '+', but found raw string
   |
 1 | foo 'bar'
   |     ^^^^^