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most
Name
most -- browse or page through a text file
Synopsis
most [-1] [-b] [-C] [-c] [-d] [-M] [-r] [-s] [-t] [-u] [-v]
[-w] [-z] [+/string] [+line-number] [+d] [+s] [+u] [file...]
DESCRIPTION
most is a paging program that displays, one windowful at a
time, the contents of a file on a terminal. It pauses after
each windowful and prints on the window status line the screen
the file name, current line number, and the percentage of the
file so far displayed.
Unlike other paging programs, most is capable of displaying an
arbitrary number of windows as long as each window occupies at
least two screen lines. Each window may contain the same file
or a different file. In addition, each window has its own mode.
For example, one window may display a file with its lines
wrapped while another may be truncating the lines. Windows may
be `locked' together in the sense that if one of the locked
windows scrolls, all locked windows will scroll. most is also
capable of ignoring lines that are indented beyond a user
specified value. This is useful when viewing computer programs
to pick out gross features of the code. See the `:o' command
for a description of this feature.
In addition to displaying ordinary text files, most can also
display binary files as well as files with arbitrary ascii
characters. When a file is read into a buffer, most examines
the first 32 bytes of the file to determine if the file is a
binary file and then switches to the appropriate mode. However,
this feature may be disabled with the -k option. See the
description of the -b, -k, -v, and -t options for further
details.
Text files may contain combinations of underscore and backspace
characters causing a printer to underline or overstrike. When
most recognizes this, it inserts the appropriate escape
sequences to achieve the desired effect. In addition, some
files cause the printer to overstrike some characters by
embedding carriage return characters in the middle of a line.
When this occurs, most displays the overstruck character with a
bold attribute. This feature facilitates the reading of UNIX
man pages or a document produced by runoff. In particular,
viewing this document with most should illustrate this behavior
provided that the underline characters have not been stripped.
This may be turned off with the -v option.
By default, lines with more characters than the terminal width
are not wrapped but are instead truncated. When truncation
occurs, this is indicated by a `$' in the far right column of
the terminal screen. The RIGHT and LEFT arrow keys may be used
to view lines which extend past the margins of the screen. The
-w option may be used to override this feature. When a window
is wrapped, the character `\' will appear at the right edge of
the window.
Commands are listed below.
OPTIONS
-1
VT100 mode. This is meaningful only on VMS systems. This
option should be used if the terminal is strictly a
VT100. This implies that the terminal does not have the
ability to delete and insert multiple lines. VT102s and
above have this ability.
-b
Binary mode. Use this switch when you want to view files
containing 8 bit characters. most will display the file
16 bytes per line in hexadecimal notation. A typical
line looks like:
01000000 40001575 9C23A020 4000168D ....@..u.#. @...
When used with the -v option, the same line looks like:
^A^@^@^@ @^@^U u 9C #A0 @^@^V8D ....@..u.#. @...
-C
Disable color support.
-c
Make searches case-sensitive
-d
Omit the backslash mark used to denote a wrapped line.
-M
Disable the use of mmap.
-r
Default to using regexp searches
-s
Squeeze-mode. Replace multiple blank lines with a single
blank line.
-t
Display tabs as ^I. If this option is immediately
followed by an integer, the integer sets the tab width,
e.g., -t4
-u
Disable UTF-8 mode even if the locale dictates it
+u
Force UTF-8 mode. By default most will use the current
locale to determine if UTF-8 mode should be used. The +u
and -u switches allow the behavior to be overridden
-v
Display control characters as in `^A' for control A.
Normally most does not interpret control characters.
-w
Wrap lines
-z
Disable gunzip-on-the-fly
+/string
Start up at the line containing the first occurrence of
string
+lineno
Start up at the specified line-number
+d
This switch should only be used if you want the option
to delete a file while viewing it. This makes it easier
to clean unwanted files out of a directory. The file is
deleted with the interactive key sequence `:D' and then
confirming with `y'.
+s
Secure Mode-- no edit, cd, shell, and reading files not
already listed on the command line.
COMMAND USAGE
The commands take effect immediately; it is not necessary to
type a carriage return. In the following commands, i is a
numerical argument (1 by default).
SPACE, CTRL-D, NEXT_SCREEN
Display another windowful, or jump i windowfuls if i is
specified.
RETURN, DOWN_ARROW, V, CTRL-N
Display another line, or i more lines, if specified.
UP_ARROW, ^, CTRL-P
Display previous line, or i previous lines, if
specified.
T, ESCAPE<
Move to top of buffer.
B, ESCAPE>
Move to bottom of buffer.
RIGHT_ARROW, TAB, >
Scroll window left 60i columns to view lines that are
beyond the right margin of the window.
LEFT_ARROW, CTRL-B, <
Scroll window right 60i columns to view lines that are
beyond the left margin of the window.
U, CTRL-U, DELETE, PREV_SCREEN
Skip back i windowfuls and then print a windowful.
R, CTRL-R
Redraw the window.
J, G
If i is not specified, then prompt for a line number
then jump to that line otherwise just jump to line i.
%
If i is not specified, then prompt for a percent number
then jump to that percent of the file otherwise just
jump to i percent of the file.
W, w
If the current screen width is 80, make it 132 and
vice-versa. For other values, this command is ignored.
Q, CTRL-X CTRL-C, CTRL-K E
Exit from most. On VMS, ^Z also exits.
h, CTRL-H, HELP, PF2
Help. Give a description of all the most commands. The
most environment variable MOST_HELP must be set for this
to be meaningful.
f, /, CTRL-F, FIND, GOLD PF3
Prompt for a string and search forward from the current
line for ith distinct line containing the string. CTRL-G
aborts.
?
Prompt for a string and search backward for the ith
distinct line containing the string. CTRL-G aborts.
n
Search for the next i lines containing an occurrence of
the last search string in the direction of the previous
search.
m, SELECT, CTRL-@, CTRL-K M, PERIOD
Set a mark on the current line for later reference.
INSERT_HERE, CTRL-X CTRL-X, COMMA, CTRL-K RETURN, GOLD PERIOD
Set a mark on the current line but return to previous
mark. This allows the user to toggle back and forth
between two positions in the file.
l, L
Toggle locking for this window. The window is locked if
there is a `*' at the left edge of the status line.
Windows locked together, scroll together.
CTRL-X 2, CTRL-W 2, GOLD X
Split this window in half.
CTRL-X o, CTRL-W o, o, GOLDUP, GOLDDOWN
Move to other window.
CTRL-X 0, CTRL-W 0, GOLD V
Delete this window.
CTRL-X 1, CTRL-W 1, GOLD O
Delete all other windows, leaving only one window.
E, e
Edit this file.
$, ESC $
This is system dependent. On VMS, this causes most to
spawn a subprocess. When the user exits the process,
most is resumed. On UNIX systems, most simply suspends
itself.
:n
Skip to the next filename given in the command line. Use
the arrow keys to scroll forward or backward through the
file list. `Q' quits most and any other key selects the
given file.
:c
Toggle case sensitive search.
:D
Delete current file. This command is only meaningful
with the +d switch.
:o, :O
Toggle various options. With this key sequence, most
displays a prompt asking the user to hit one of: bdtvw.
The `b', `t', `v', and `w' options have the same meaning
as the command line switches. For example, the `w'
option will toggle wrapping on and off for the current
window.
The `d' option must be used with a prefix integer i. All
lines indented beyond i columns will not be displayed.
For example, consider the fragment:
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < argc, i++)
{
fprintf(stdout,"%i: %s\n",i,argv[i]);
}
return 0;
}
The key sequence `1:od' will cause most to display the
file ignoring all lines indented beyond the first
column. So for the example above, most would display:
int main(int argc, char **argv)...
}
where the `...' indicates lines that follow are not
displayed.
HINTS
CTRL-G aborts the commands requiring the user to type something
in at a prompt. The back-quote key has a special meaning here.
It is used to quote certain characters. This is useful when
search for the occurrence of a string with a control character
or a string at the beginning of a line. In the latter case, to
find the occurrence of `The' at the beginning of a line, enter
`^JThe where ` quotes the CTRL-J.
ENVIRONMENT
most uses the following environment variables:
MOST_SWITCHES
This variable sets commonly used switches. For example,
some people prefer to use most with the -s option so
that excess blank lines are not displayed. On VMS this
is normally done done in the login.com through the line:
$ define MOST_SWITCHES "-s"
MOST_EDITOR, SLANG_EDITOR
Either of these environment variables specify an editor
for most to invoke to edit a file. The value can contain
%s and %d formatting descriptors that represent the file
name and line number, respectively. For example, if JED
is your editor, then set MOST_EDITOR to 'jed %s -g %d'.
MOST_HELP
This variable may be used to specify an alternate help
file.
MOST_INITFILE
Set this variable to specify the initialization file to
load during startup. The default action is to load the
system configuration file and then a personal
configuration file called .mostrc on Unix, and most.rc
on other systems.
CONFIGURATION FILE SYNTAX
When most starts up, it tries to read a system configuration
file and then a personal configuration file. These files may be
used to specify key-bindings and colors.
To bind a key to a particular function use the syntax:
setkey function-name key-sequence
The setkey command requires two arguments. The function-name
argument specifies the function that is to be executed as a
response to the keys specified by the key-sequence argument are
pressed. For example,
setkey "up" "^P"
indicates that when Ctrl-P is pressed then the function up is
to be executed.
Sometimes, it is necessary to first unbind a key-sequence
before rebinding it in order via the unsetkey function:
unsetkey "^F"
Colors may be defined through the use of the color keyword in
the the configuration file using the syntax:
color OBJECT-NAME FOREGROUND-COLOR BACKGROUND-COLOR
Here, OBJECT-NAME can be any one of the following items:
status -- the status line
underline -- underlined text
overstrike -- overstruck text
normal -- anything else
See the sample configuration files for more information.
BUGS
Almost all of the known bugs or limitations of most are due to
a desire to read and interpret control characters in files. One
problem concerns the use of backspace characters to underscore
or overstrike other characters. most makes an attempt to use
terminal escape sequences to simulate this behavior. One side
effect is the one does not always get what one expects when
scrolling right and left through a file. When in doubt, use the
-v and -b options of most.
The regular-expression searches may fail to find strings that
involve backspace/underscore used for highlighting. The
regular-expression syntax is described in the S-Lang Library
documentation.
AUTHOR
John E. Davis <jed@jedsoft.org>
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Over the years, many people have contributed to most in one way
or another, e.g., via code patches, bug-fixes, comments, or
criticisms. I am particularly grateful to the very early
adopters of the program who took a chance with a fledgling
software project headed by someone learning the underlying
language. These include:
Mats Akerberg, Henk D. Davids, Rex O. Livingston, and Mark
Pizzolato contributed to the early VMS versions of most. In
particular, Mark worked on it to get it ready for DECUS.
Foteos Macrides adapted most for use in cswing and gopher. A
few features of the present version of most was inspired from
his work.
I am grateful to Robert Mills for re-writing the search
routines to use regular expressions.
Sven Oliver Moll came up with the idea of automatic detection
of zipped files.
I would also like to thank Shinichi Hama for his valuable
criticisms of most.
Javier Kohen was instrumental in the support for UTF-8.
Thanks to David W. Sanderson for adapting the early
documentation to nroff man page source format.
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