WIP

2018-08-05 13:37:49 -07:00
67 changed files with 5067 additions and 11061 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
+Cargo.lock
 target
 .schala_repl
 .schala_history
-rusty-tags.vi
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -2,17 +2,15 @@
 name = "schala"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["greg <greg.shuflin@protonmail.com>"]
-edition = "2018"
-resolver = "2"

 [dependencies]
-getopts = "0.2.21"

 schala-repl = { path = "schala-repl" }
+schala-codegen = { path = "schala-codegen" }
+maaru-lang = { path = "maaru" }
+rukka-lang = { path = "rukka" }
+robo-lang = { path = "robo" }
 schala-lang = { path = "schala-lang" }
-# maaru-lang = { path = "maaru" }
-# rukka-lang = { path = "rukka" }
-# robo-lang = { path = "robo" }

 [build-dependencies]
 includedir_codegen = "0.2.0"
--- a/31
+++ b/31
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+
+<program> := <statements> EOF
+
+<statements> := <statement>
+             |  <statement> SEP <statements>
+
+<statement> := let <id> = <expr>
+            |  <expr>
+            | <fn_block>
+
+<fn_block> := fn <id> ( <arg_list> ) <statements> end
+
+<arg_list> := e
+           | <id>
+           | <id> , <arg_list>
+
+<expr> := if <expr> then <statements> end
+       |  if <expr> then <statements> else <statements> end
+       |  while <expr> SEP <statements> end
+       |  ( <expr> )
+       |  <binop>
+
+<binop> := <simple_expr>
+        |  <simple_expr> <id> <binop>
+
+<simple_expr> := <id>
+              | <number>
+              | <string>
+
+
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,46 +1,21 @@
+
 # Schala - a programming language meta-interpreter

-Schala is a Rust framework written to make it easy to create and experiment
-with multiple toy programming languages. It provides a cross-language REPL and
-provisions for tokenizing text, parsing tokens, evaluating an abstract syntax
-tree, and other tasks that are common to all programming languages, as well as
-sharing state between multiple programming languages.
+Schala is a Rust framework written to make it easy to
+create and experiment with toy programming languages. It provides
+a common REPL, and a trait `ProgrammingLanguage` with provisions
+for tokenizing text, parsing tokens, evaluating an abstract syntax tree,
+and other tasks that are common to all programming languages.

-Schala is implemented as a Rust library `schala-repl`, which provides a `Repl`
-data structure that takes in a value implementing the
-`ProgrammingLanguageInterface` trait. Individual programming language
-implementations are Rust types that implement `ProgrammingLanguageInterface`
-and store whatever persistent state is relevant to that language. 
+Schala is implemented as a Rust library `schala_lib`, which provides a
+`schala_main` function. This function serves as the main loop of the REPL, if run
+interactively, or otherwise reads and interprets programming language source
+files. It expects as input a vector of `PLIGenerator`, which is a type representing
+a closure that returns a boxed trait object that implements the `ProgrammingLanguage` trait,
+and stores any persistent state relevant to that programming language. The ability
+to share state between different programming languages is in the works.

-
-## Running
-
-Run schala with the normal `cargo run`. This will drop you into a REPL
-environment.  Type `:help` for more information, or type in text in any
-supported programming language (currently only `schala-lang`) to evaluate it in
-the REPL.
-
-### Examples
-
-Try running the following `schala-lang` code example in the REPL:
-
-```
->> 1 + 1
-(Total time)=> 736.368µs
-=> 2
->> fn foo(x) { x + 10 }
-(Total time)=> 772.496µs
-=> 
->> foo(0)
-(Total time)=> 593.591µs
-=> 10
->> 5 + foo(1)
-(Total time)=> 1.119916ms
-=> 16
->> 
-```
-
-## History
+## About

 Schala started out life as an experiment in writing a Javascript-like
 programming language that would never encounter any kind of runtime value
@ -58,18 +33,18 @@ creating a language name confusingly close to Scala. The naming scheme for
 languages implemented with the Schala meta-interpreter is Chrono Trigger
 characters.

-Schala and languages implemented with it are incomplete alpha software and are
-not ready for public release.
+Schala is incomplete alpha software and is not ready for public release.

 ## Languages implemented using the meta-interpreter

-* The eponymous *Schala* language is a work-in-progress general purpose
-  programming language with static typing and algebraic data types. Its design
-  goals include having a very straightforward implemenation and being syntactically
-  minimal.
+* The eponymous *Schala* language is an interpreted/compiled scripting langauge,
+designed to be relatively simple, but with a reasonably sophisticated type
+system.

-* *Maaru* is a very simple dynamically-typed scripting language, with the semantics
-    that all runtime errors return a `null` value rather than fail. 
+* *Maaru* was the original Schala (since renamed to free up the name *Schala*
+  for the above language), a very simple dynamically-typed scripting language
+  such that all possible runtime errors result in null rather than program
+  failure.

 * *Robo* is an experiment in creating a lazy, functional, strongly-typed language
 much like Haskell
@ -81,30 +56,23 @@ much like Haskell
 Here's a partial list of resources I've made use of in the process
 of learning how to write a programming language.

-### General
-
-* http://thume.ca/2019/04/18/writing-a-compiler-in-rust/
-
 ### Type-checking
-* https://skillsmatter.com/skillscasts/10868-inside-the-rust-compiler
-* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=il3gD7XMdmA
-* http://dev.stephendiehl.com/fun/006_hindley_milner.html
-* https://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/rustc-guide/type-inference.html
-* https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2018/unification/
-* https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2018/type-inference/
-* http://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2017/03/25/unification-in-chalk-part-1/
-* http://reasonableapproximation.net/2019/05/05/hindley-milner.html
-https://rickyhan.com/jekyll/update/2018/05/26/hindley-milner-tutorial-rust.html
+https://skillsmatter.com/skillscasts/10868-inside-the-rust-compiler

 ### Evaluation
+*Understanding Computation*, Tom Stuart, O'Reilly 2013

-* _Understanding Computation_, Tom Stuart, O'Reilly 2013
-* _Basics of Compiler Design_, Torben Mogensen
+*Basics of Compiler Design*, Torben Mogensen

 ### Parsing
-* http://journal.stuffwithstuff.com/2011/03/19/pratt-parsers-expression-parsing-made-easy/
-* https://soc.github.io/languages/unified-condition-syntax
-* [Crafting Interpreters](http://www.craftinginterpreters.com/)
+http://journal.stuffwithstuff.com/2011/03/19/pratt-parsers-expression-parsing-made-easy/
+https://soc.github.io/languages/unified-condition-syntax
+
+[Crafting Interpreters](http://www.craftinginterpreters.com/)

 ### LLVM
-* http://blog.ulysse.io/2016/07/03/llvm-getting-started.html
+http://blog.ulysse.io/2016/07/03/llvm-getting-started.html
+
+###Rust resources
+https://thefullsnack.com/en/rust-for-the-web.html
+https://rocket.rs/guide/getting-started/
--- a/TODO.md
+++ b/TODO.md
@ -1,177 +1,11 @@
-# Immediate TODOs / General Code Cleanup

-## Parsing
-
-* cf. https://siraben.dev/2022/03/22/tree-sitter-linter.html write a tree-sitter parser for Schala
-
-* Create a macro system, perhaps c.f. Crystal's?
-    * Macro system should be able to implement:
-        * printf-style variadic arguments
-        * something like the Rust/Haskell `Derive` construct
-        * doing useful things with all variants of an enum 
-            * (e.g. what https://matklad.github.io//2022/03/26/self-modifying-code.html tries to solve)
+# TODO Items


-## Testing
-
-* Make an automatic (macro-based?) system for numbering compiler errors, this should be every type of error
-
-## Symbols
-
-* Add some good printf-debugging impls for SymbolTable-related items
-
-* the symbol table should probably *only* be for global definitions (maybe rename it to reflect this?)
-* dealing with variable lookup w/in functions/closures should probably happen in AST -> ReducedAST
-    * b/c that's where we go from a string name to a canonical ID (for e.g. 2nd param in 3rd enclosing scope)
-
-* In fact to prove this works, the symbol table shoudl _parallelize_ the process of checking subscopes for local items
-
-* Old notes on a plan of attack:
-
-1. modify visitor so it can handle scopes
-  -this is needed both to handle import scope correctly
-  -and also to support making FQSNs aware of function parameters
-
-2. Once FQSNs are aware of function parameters, most of the Rc<String> things in eval.rs can go away
-
-## Typechecking
-
-* make a type to represent types rather than relying on string comparisons
-* look at https://rickyhan.com/jekyll/update/2018/05/26/hindley-milner-tutorial-rust.html
-
-## General code cleanup
-* standardize on an error type that isn't String
-* implement a visitor pattern for the use of scope_resolver
-  * maybe implement this twice: 1) the value-returning, no-default one in the haoyi blogpost,
-  * look at
-    * https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/wikis/pattern-synonyms
-    * the non-value-returning, default one like in rustc (cf. https://github.com/rust-unofficial/patterns/blob/master/patterns/visitor.md)
-
-
-# Longer-term Ideas
-
-## Language Syntax
-
-* the `type` declaration should have some kind of GADT-like syntax
-* syntactic sugar for typestates? (cf. https://rustype.github.io/notes/notes/rust-typestate-series/rust-typestate-part-1.html )
-* use `let` sigil to indicate a variable in a pattern explicitly:
-
-```
-  q is MyStruct(let a, Chrono::Trigga) then {
-    // a is in scope here
-
-  }
-```
-
-* if you have a pattern-match where one variant has a variable and the other
-  lacks it instead of treating this as a type error, promote the bound variable
-  to an option type
-
-* what if there was something like React jsx syntas built in? i.e. a way to
-  automatically transform some kind of markup into a function call, cf. `<h1
-  prop="arg">` ->  h1(prop=arg)
-
-* implement and test open/use statements
-
-* Include extensible scala-style `html"string ${var}"` string interpolations
-
-* A neat idea for pattern matching optimization would be if you could match on
-  one of several things in a list
-ex:
-```
-if x {
- is (comp, LHSPat, RHSPat) if comp in ["==, "<"] -> ...
-}
-```
-
-* Schala should have both currying *and* default arguments!
-```
-fn a(b: Int, c:Int, d:Int = 1) -> Int
-    a(1,2) : Int
-    a(1,2,d=2): Int
-    a(_,1,3) : Int -> Int
-    a(1,2, c=_): Int -> Int
-    a(_,_,_) : Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
-```
-
-* scoped types - be able to define a quick enum type scoped to a function or other type for
-  something, that only is meant to be used as a quick bespoke interface between
-  two other things
-
-
-ex.
-```
-type enum {
-  type enum MySubVariant {
-    SubVariant1, SubVariant2, etc.
-    }
- Variant1(MySubVariant),
- Variant2(...),
- }
-```
-
-* inclusive/exclusive range syntax like .. vs ..=
-
-* Nameable patterns/ pattern synonyms cf. https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/-/wikis/pattern-synonyms
-
-
-## Typechecking
-
-* cf. the notation mentioned in the cardelli paper, the debug information for the `typechecking` pass should
-    * print the generated type variable for every subexpression in an expression
-* think about idris-related ideas of multiple implementations of a type for an interface (+ vs * impl for monoids, for preorder/inorder/postorder for Foldable)
-* should have an Idris-like `cast To From` function
-
-* something like the swift `Never` type ( https://nshipster.com/never/ ) in the stdlib
-
-
-## Compilation
-* look into Inkwell for rust LLVM bindings
-* https://cranelift.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest<Paste>
-
-* look at https://gluon-lang.org/doc/nightly/book/embedding-api.html
-
-
-# Syntax Playground
-
-## Trying if-syntax again
-
-```
-//simple if expr
-if x == 10 then "a" else "z"
-
-//complex if expr
-if x == 10 then {
-  let a = 1
-  let b = 2
-  a + b
-} else {
-  55
-}
-
-// different comparison ops
-if x {
- == 1 then "a"
-  .isPrime() then "b"
-  else "c"
-}
-
-/* for now disallow `if x == { 1 then ... }`, b/c hard to parse
-
-//simple pattern-matching
-if x is Person("Ivan", age) then age else 0
-
-//match-block equivalent
-if x {
- is Person("Ivan", _) then "Ivan"
- is Person(_, age) if age > 13 then "barmitzvah'd"
- else "foo"
- }
-```
-
-
-## (OLD) Playing around with conditional syntax ideas
+- https://nshipster.com/never/
+-https://cranelift.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest<Paste>

+-consult http://gluon-lang.org/book/embedding-api.html

 - if/match playground

@ -211,3 +45,70 @@ if the only two guard patterns are true and false, then the abbreviated syntax:
 `'if' discriminator 'then' block_or_expr 'else' block_or_expr`
 can replace `'if' discriminator '{' 'true' 'then' block_or_expr; 'false' 'then' block_or_expr '}'`

+
+
+
+- Next priorities: - get ADTs working, get matches working
+
+- inclusive/exclusive range syntax like .. vs ..=
+
+- sketch of an idea for the REPL:
+        -each compiler pass should be a (procedural?) macro like
+        compiler_pass!("parse", dataproducts: ["ast", "parse_tree"], {
+         match parsing::parse(INPUT) {
+           Ok(
+                PASS.add_artifact(
+        }
+
+-should have an Idris-like `cast To From` function
+
+- REPL:
+  - want to be able to do things like `:doc Identifier`, and have the language load up these definitions to the REPL
+
+
+* change 'trait' to 'interface'
+  -think about idris-related ideas of multiple implementations of a type for an interface (+ vs * impl for monoids, for preorder/inorder/postorder for Foldable)
+
+* Share state between programming languages
+
+* idea for Schala - scoped types - be able to define a quick enum type scoped to a function ro something, that only is meant to be used as a quick bespoke interface between two other things
+
+* another idea, allow:
+type enum {
+  type enum MySubVariant {
+    SubVariant1, SubVariant2, etc.
+    }
+ Variant1(MySubVariant),
+ Variant2(...),
+ }
+
+
+
+* idea for Schala: both currying *and* default arguments!
+        ex. fn a(b: Int, c:Int, d:Int = 1) -> Int
+            a(1,2) : Int
+            a(1,2,d=2): Int
+            a(_,1,3) : Int -> Int
+            a(1,2, c=_): Int -> Int
+            a(_,_,_) : Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
+
+
+
+- AST : maybe replace the Expression type with "Ascription(TypeName, Box<Expression>) nodes??
+- parser: add a "debug" field to the Parser struct for all debug-related things
+
+-scala-style html"dfasfsadf${}" string interpolations!
+
+*Compiler passes architecture
+
+-ProgrammingLanguageInterface defines a evaluate_in_repl() and evaluate_no_repl() functions
+-these take in a vec of CompilerPasses
+
+struct CompilerPass {
+        name: String,
+        run: fn(PrevPass) -> NextPass
+}
+
+-change "Type...." names in parser.rs to "Anno..." for non-collision with names in typechecking.rs
+
+-get rid of code pertaining to compilation specifically, have a more generation notion of "execution type"
--- a/maaru/src/compilation.rs
+++ b/maaru/src/compilation.rs
@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+extern crate llvm_sys;
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use self::llvm_sys::prelude::*;
+use self::llvm_sys::{LLVMIntPredicate};
+
+use parser::{AST, Statement, Function, Prototype, Expression, BinOp};
+use schala_repl::LLVMCodeString;
+
+use schala_repl::llvm_wrap as LLVMWrap;
+
+type VariableMap = HashMap<String, LLVMValueRef>;
+
+struct CompilationData {
+    context: LLVMContextRef,
+    module: LLVMModuleRef,
+    builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+    variables: VariableMap,
+    main_function: LLVMValueRef,
+    current_function: Option<LLVMValueRef>,
+}
+
+pub fn compile_ast(ast: AST) -> LLVMCodeString {
+    println!("Compiling!");
+    let names: VariableMap = HashMap::new();
+
+    let context = LLVMWrap::create_context();
+    let module = LLVMWrap::module_create_with_name("example module");
+    let builder = LLVMWrap::CreateBuilderInContext(context);
+
+    let program_return_type = LLVMWrap::Int64TypeInContext(context);
+    let main_function_type = LLVMWrap::FunctionType(program_return_type, Vec::new(), false);
+    let main_function: LLVMValueRef = LLVMWrap::AddFunction(module, "main", main_function_type);
+
+    let mut data = CompilationData {
+        context: context,
+        builder: builder,
+        module: module,
+        variables: names,
+        main_function: main_function,
+        current_function: None,
+    };
+
+    let bb = LLVMWrap::AppendBasicBlockInContext(data.context, data.main_function, "entry");
+    LLVMWrap::PositionBuilderAtEnd(builder, bb);
+
+    let value = ast.codegen(&mut data);
+
+    LLVMWrap::BuildRet(builder, value);
+
+    let ret = LLVMWrap::PrintModuleToString(module);
+
+    // Clean up. Values created in the context mostly get cleaned up there.
+    LLVMWrap::DisposeBuilder(builder);
+    LLVMWrap::DisposeModule(module);
+    LLVMWrap::ContextDispose(context);
+    LLVMCodeString(ret)
+}
+
+trait CodeGen {
+    fn codegen(&self, &mut CompilationData) -> LLVMValueRef;
+}
+
+impl CodeGen for AST {
+    fn codegen(&self, data: &mut CompilationData) -> LLVMValueRef {
+
+        let int_type = LLVMWrap::Int64TypeInContext(data.context);
+        let mut ret = LLVMWrap::ConstInt(int_type, 0, false);
+
+        for statement in self {
+            ret = statement.codegen(data);
+        }
+        ret
+    }
+}
+
+impl CodeGen for Statement {
+    fn codegen(&self, data: &mut CompilationData) -> LLVMValueRef {
+        use self::Statement::*;
+        match self {
+            &ExprNode(ref expr) => expr.codegen(data),
+            &FuncDefNode(ref func) => func.codegen(data),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl CodeGen for Function {
+    fn codegen(&self, data: &mut CompilationData) -> LLVMValueRef {
+
+        /* should have a check here for function already being defined */
+        let function = self.prototype.codegen(data);
+        let ref body = self.body;
+
+        data.current_function = Some(function);
+
+        let return_type = LLVMWrap::Int64TypeInContext(data.context);
+        let mut ret = LLVMWrap::ConstInt(return_type, 0, false);
+
+        let block = LLVMWrap::AppendBasicBlockInContext(data.context, function, "entry");
+        LLVMWrap::PositionBuilderAtEnd(data.builder, block);
+
+        //insert function params into variables
+        for value in LLVMWrap::GetParams(function) {
+            let name = LLVMWrap::GetValueName(value);
+            data.variables.insert(name, value);
+        }
+
+        for expr in body {
+            ret = expr.codegen(data);
+        }
+
+        LLVMWrap::BuildRet(data.builder, ret);
+
+        // get basic block of main
+        let main_bb = LLVMWrap::GetBasicBlocks(data.main_function).get(0).expect("Couldn't get first block of main").clone();
+        LLVMWrap::PositionBuilderAtEnd(data.builder, main_bb);
+
+        data.current_function = None;
+
+        ret
+    }
+}
+
+impl CodeGen for Prototype {
+    fn codegen(&self, data: &mut CompilationData) -> LLVMValueRef {
+        let num_args = self.parameters.len();
+        let return_type = LLVMWrap::Int64TypeInContext(data.context);
+        let mut arguments: Vec<LLVMTypeRef> = vec![];
+
+        for _ in 0..num_args {
+            arguments.push(LLVMWrap::Int64TypeInContext(data.context));
+        }
+
+        let function_type =
+            LLVMWrap::FunctionType(return_type,
+                                   arguments,
+                                   false);
+
+        let function = LLVMWrap::AddFunction(data.module,
+                                             &*self.name,
+                                             function_type);
+
+        let function_params = LLVMWrap::GetParams(function);
+        for (index, param) in function_params.iter().enumerate() {
+            let name = self.parameters.get(index).expect(&format!("Failed this check at index {}", index));
+            let new = *param;
+
+            LLVMWrap::SetValueName(new, name);
+        }
+
+        function
+    }
+}
+
+impl CodeGen for Expression {
+    fn codegen(&self, data: &mut CompilationData) -> LLVMValueRef {
+        use self::BinOp::*;
+        use self::Expression::*;
+
+        let int_type = LLVMWrap::Int64TypeInContext(data.context);
+        let zero = LLVMWrap::ConstInt(int_type, 0, false);
+
+        match *self {
+            Variable(ref name) => *data.variables.get(&**name).expect(&format!("Can't find variable {}", name)),
+            BinExp(Assign, ref left, ref right) => {
+                if let Variable(ref name) = **left {
+                    let new_value = right.codegen(data);
+                    data.variables.insert((**name).clone(), new_value);
+                    new_value
+                } else {
+                    panic!("Bad variable assignment")
+                }
+            }
+            BinExp(ref op, ref left, ref right) => {
+                let lhs = left.codegen(data);
+                let rhs = right.codegen(data);
+                op.codegen_with_ops(data, lhs, rhs)
+            }
+            Number(ref n) => {
+                let native_val = *n as u64;
+                let int_value: LLVMValueRef = LLVMWrap::ConstInt(int_type, native_val, false);
+                int_value
+            }
+            Conditional(ref test, ref then_expr, ref else_expr) => {
+                let condition_value = test.codegen(data);
+                let is_nonzero =
+                    LLVMWrap::BuildICmp(data.builder,
+                                        LLVMIntPredicate::LLVMIntNE,
+                                        condition_value,
+                                        zero,
+                                        "ifcond");
+
+                let func = LLVMWrap::GetBasicBlockParent(LLVMWrap::GetInsertBlock(data.builder));
+
+                let mut then_block =
+                    LLVMWrap::AppendBasicBlockInContext(data.context, func, "then_block");
+                let mut else_block =
+                    LLVMWrap::AppendBasicBlockInContext(data.context, func, "else_block");
+                let merge_block =
+                    LLVMWrap::AppendBasicBlockInContext(data.context, func, "ifcont");
+
+                // add conditional branch to ifcond block
+                LLVMWrap::BuildCondBr(data.builder, is_nonzero, then_block, else_block);
+
+                // start inserting into then block
+                LLVMWrap::PositionBuilderAtEnd(data.builder, then_block);
+
+                // then-block codegen
+                let then_return = then_expr.codegen(data);
+                LLVMWrap::BuildBr(data.builder, merge_block);
+
+                // update then block b/c recursive codegen() call may have changed the notion of
+                // the current block
+                then_block = LLVMWrap::GetInsertBlock(data.builder);
+
+                // then do the same stuff again for the else branch
+                //
+                LLVMWrap::PositionBuilderAtEnd(data.builder, else_block);
+                let else_return = match *else_expr {
+                    Some(ref e) => e.codegen(data),
+                    None => zero,
+                };
+                LLVMWrap::BuildBr(data.builder, merge_block);
+                else_block = LLVMWrap::GetInsertBlock(data.builder);
+
+                LLVMWrap::PositionBuilderAtEnd(data.builder, merge_block);
+
+                let phi = LLVMWrap::BuildPhi(data.builder, int_type, "phinode");
+                let values = vec![then_return, else_return];
+                let blocks = vec![then_block, else_block];
+                LLVMWrap::AddIncoming(phi, values, blocks);
+                phi
+            }
+            Block(ref exprs) => {
+                let mut ret = zero;
+                for e in exprs.iter() {
+                    ret = e.codegen(data);
+                }
+                ret
+            }
+            ref e => {
+                println!("Unimplemented {:?}", e);
+                unimplemented!()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl BinOp {
+    fn codegen_with_ops(&self, data: &CompilationData, lhs: LLVMValueRef, rhs: LLVMValueRef) -> LLVMValueRef {
+        use self::BinOp::*;
+        macro_rules! simple_binop {
+            ($fnname: expr, $name: expr) => {
+                $fnname(data.builder, lhs, rhs, $name)
+            }
+        }
+        let int_type = LLVMWrap::Int64TypeInContext(data.context);
+        match *self {
+            Add => simple_binop!(LLVMWrap::BuildAdd, "addtemp"),
+            Sub => simple_binop!(LLVMWrap::BuildSub, "subtemp"),
+            Mul => simple_binop!(LLVMWrap::BuildMul, "multemp"),
+            Div => simple_binop!(LLVMWrap::BuildUDiv, "divtemp"),
+            Mod => simple_binop!(LLVMWrap::BuildSRem, "remtemp"),
+            Less => {
+                let pred: LLVMValueRef =
+                    LLVMWrap::BuildICmp(data.builder, LLVMIntPredicate::LLVMIntULT, lhs, rhs, "tmp");
+                LLVMWrap::BuildZExt(data.builder, pred, int_type, "temp")
+            }
+            Greater => {
+                let pred: LLVMValueRef =
+                    LLVMWrap::BuildICmp(data.builder, LLVMIntPredicate::LLVMIntUGT, lhs, rhs, "tmp");
+                LLVMWrap::BuildZExt(data.builder, pred, int_type, "temp")
+            }
+            ref unknown => panic!("Bad operator {:?}", unknown),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
--- a/maaru/src/lib.rs
+++ b/maaru/src/lib.rs
@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ extern crate schala_repl;
 mod tokenizer;
 mod parser;
 mod eval;
+mod compilation;
+
+use schala_repl::{ProgrammingLanguageInterface, EvalOptions, UnfinishedComputation, FinishedComputation, TraceArtifact};

 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct TokenError {
@ -31,42 +34,6 @@ impl<'a> Maaru<'a> {
  }
 }

-/*
-fn execute_pipeline(&mut self, input: &str, options: &EvalOptions) -> Result<String, String> {
-  let mut output = UnfinishedComputation::default();
-
-  let tokens = match tokenizer::tokenize(input) {
-    Ok(tokens) => {
-      if let Some(_) = options.debug_passes.get("tokens") {
-        output.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("tokens", format!("{:?}", tokens)));
-      }
-      tokens
-    },
-    Err(err) => {
-      return output.finish(Err(format!("Tokenization error: {:?}\n", err.msg)))
-    }
-  };
-
-  let ast = match parser::parse(&tokens, &[]) {
-    Ok(ast) => {
-      if let Some(_) = options.debug_passes.get("ast") {
-        output.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("ast", format!("{:?}", ast)));
-      }
-      ast
-    },
-    Err(err) => {
-      return output.finish(Err(format!("Parse error: {:?}\n", err.msg)))
-    }
-  };
-  let mut evaluation_output = String::new();
-  for s in self.evaluator.run(ast).iter() {
-    evaluation_output.push_str(s);
-  }
-  Ok(evaluation_output)
-}
-*/
-
-/*
 impl<'a> ProgrammingLanguageInterface for Maaru<'a> {
  fn get_language_name(&self) -> String {
    "Maaru".to_string()
@ -74,5 +41,63 @@ impl<'a> ProgrammingLanguageInterface for Maaru<'a> {
  fn get_source_file_suffix(&self) -> String {
    format!("maaru")
  }
-}
+
+  fn execute_pipeline(&mut self, input: &str, options: &EvalOptions) -> FinishedComputation {
+    let mut output = UnfinishedComputation::default();
+
+    let tokens = match tokenizer::tokenize(input) {
+      Ok(tokens) => {
+        if let Some(_) = options.debug_passes.get("tokens") {
+          output.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("tokens", format!("{:?}", tokens)));
+        }
+        tokens
+      },
+      Err(err) => {
+        return output.finish(Err(format!("Tokenization error: {:?}\n", err.msg)))
+      }
+    };
+
+    let ast = match parser::parse(&tokens, &[]) {
+      Ok(ast) => {
+        if let Some(_) = options.debug_passes.get("ast") {
+          output.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("ast", format!("{:?}", ast)));
+        }
+        ast
+      },
+      Err(err) => {
+        return output.finish(Err(format!("Parse error: {:?}\n", err.msg)))
+      }
+    };
+    let mut evaluation_output = String::new();
+    for s in self.evaluator.run(ast).iter() {
+      evaluation_output.push_str(s);
+    }
+    output.finish(Ok(evaluation_output))
+  }
+
+  /* TODO make this work with new framework */
+  /*
+  fn can_compile(&self) -> bool {
+    true
+  }
+
+  fn compile(&mut self, input: &str) -> LLVMCodeString {
+    let tokens = match tokenizer::tokenize(input) {
+      Ok(tokens) =>  tokens,
+      Err(err) => {
+        let msg = format!("Tokenization error: {:?}\n", err.msg);
+        panic!("{}", msg);
+      }
+    };
+
+    let ast = match parser::parse(&tokens, &[]) {
+      Ok(ast) => ast,
+      Err(err) => {
+        let msg = format!("Parse error: {:?}\n", err.msg);
+        panic!("{}", msg);
+      }
+    };
+    compilation::compile_ast(ast)
+  }
  */
+}
--- a/robo/src/lib.rs
+++ b/robo/src/lib.rs
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ extern crate itertools;
 extern crate schala_repl;

 use itertools::Itertools;
-use schala_repl::{ProgrammingLanguageInterface, EvalOptions}; 
+use schala_repl::{ProgrammingLanguageInterface, EvalOptions, FinishedComputation, UnfinishedComputation};

 pub struct Robo {
 }
@ -154,5 +154,17 @@ impl ProgrammingLanguageInterface for Robo {
  fn get_source_file_suffix(&self) -> String {
    format!("robo")
  }
+
+  fn execute_pipeline(&mut self, input: &str, _eval_options: &EvalOptions) -> FinishedComputation {
+    let output = UnfinishedComputation::default();
+    let tokens = match tokenize(input) {
+      Ok(tokens) => tokens,
+      Err(e) => {
+        return output.finish(Err(format!("Tokenize error: {:?}", e)));
+      }
+    };
+
+    output.finish(Ok(format!("{:?}", tokens)))
+  }
 }

--- a/rukka/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rukka/src/lib.rs
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ extern crate itertools;
 extern crate schala_repl;

 use itertools::Itertools;
-use schala_repl::{ProgrammingLanguageInterface, EvalOptions};
+use schala_repl::{ProgrammingLanguageInterface, EvalOptions, UnfinishedComputation, FinishedComputation};
 use std::iter::Peekable;
 use std::vec::IntoIter;
 use std::str::Chars;
@ -72,6 +72,24 @@ impl ProgrammingLanguageInterface for Rukka {
  fn get_source_file_suffix(&self) -> String {
    format!("rukka")
  }
+
+  fn execute_pipeline(&mut self, input: &str, _eval_options: &EvalOptions) -> FinishedComputation {
+    let output = UnfinishedComputation::default();
+    let sexps = match read(input) {
+      Err(err) => {
+        return output.finish(Err(format!("Error: {}", err)));
+      },
+      Ok(sexps) => sexps
+    };
+
+    let output_str: String = sexps.into_iter().enumerate().map(|(i, sexp)| {
+      match self.state.eval(sexp) {
+        Ok(result) => format!("{}: {}", i, result.print()),
+        Err(err) => format!("{} Error: {}", i, err),
+      }
+    }).intersperse(format!("\n")).collect();
+    output.finish(Ok(output_str))
+  }
 }

 impl EvaluatorState {
--- a/rust-toolchain.toml
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[toolchain]
-channel = "nightly"
--- a/rustfmt.toml
+++ b/rustfmt.toml
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-
-max_width = 110
-use_small_heuristics = "max"
-imports_indent = "block"
-imports_granularity = "crate"
-group_imports = "stdexternalcrate"
-match_arm_blocks = false
-where_single_line = true
--- a/schala-codegen/Cargo.toml
+++ b/schala-codegen/Cargo.toml
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "schala-codegen"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["greg <greg.shuflin@protonmail.com>"]
+
+[dependencies]
+syn = { version = "0.13.1", features = ["full", "extra-traits"] }
+quote = "0.5"
+schala-repl = { path = "../schala-repl" }
+
+[lib]
+proc-macro = true
--- a/schala-codegen/src/lib.rs
+++ b/schala-codegen/src/lib.rs
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#![feature(trace_macros)]
+#![feature(proc_macro)]
+extern crate proc_macro;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate quote;
+extern crate syn;
+
+extern crate schala_repl;
+
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use syn::{Ident, Attribute, DeriveInput};
+
+fn extract_attribute_arg_by_name(name: &str, attrs: &Vec<Attribute>) -> Option<String> {
+  use syn::{Meta, Lit, MetaNameValue};
+  attrs.iter().map(|attr| attr.interpret_meta()).find(|meta| {
+    match meta {
+      &Some(Meta::NameValue(MetaNameValue { ident, .. })) if ident.as_ref() == name => true,
+      _ => false
+    }
+  }).and_then(|meta| {
+    match meta {
+      Some(Meta::NameValue(MetaNameValue { lit: Lit::Str(litstr), .. })) => Some(litstr.value()),
+      _ => None,
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+fn extract_attribute_list(name: &str, attrs: &Vec<Attribute>) -> Option<Vec<(Ident, Option<Vec<Ident>>)>> {
+  use syn::{Meta, MetaList, NestedMeta};
+  attrs.iter().find(|attr| {
+    match attr.path.segments.iter().nth(0) {
+      Some(segment) if segment.ident.as_ref() == name => true,
+      _ => false
+    }
+  }).and_then(|attr| {
+    match attr.interpret_meta() {
+      Some(Meta::List(MetaList { nested, .. })) => {
+        Some(nested.iter().map(|nested_meta| match nested_meta {
+          &NestedMeta::Meta(Meta::Word(ident)) => (ident, None),
+          &NestedMeta::Meta(Meta::List(MetaList { ident, nested: ref nested2, .. })) => {
+            let own_args = nested2.iter().map(|nested_meta2| match nested_meta2 {
+              &NestedMeta::Meta(Meta::Word(ident)) => ident,
+              _ => panic!("Bad format for doubly-nested attribute list")
+            }).collect();
+            (ident, Some(own_args))
+          },
+          _ => panic!("Bad format for nested list")
+        }).collect())
+      },
+      _ => panic!("{} must be a comma-delimited list surrounded by parens", name)
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_derive(ProgrammingLanguageInterface, attributes(LanguageName, SourceFileExtension, PipelineSteps))]
+pub fn derive_programming_language_interface(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+  use schala_repl::PassDescriptor;
+  let ast: DeriveInput = syn::parse(input).unwrap();
+  let name = &ast.ident;
+  let attrs = &ast.attrs;
+
+  let language_name: String = extract_attribute_arg_by_name("LanguageName", attrs).expect("LanguageName is required");
+  let file_ext = extract_attribute_arg_by_name("SourceFileExtension", attrs).expect("SourceFileExtension is required");
+  let passes = extract_attribute_list("PipelineSteps", attrs).expect("PipelineSteps are required");
+  let pass_idents = passes.iter().map(|x| x.0);
+
+  //let pass_names: Vec<String> = passes.iter().map(|pass| pass.0.to_string()).collect();
+  let pass_descriptors = passes.iter().map(|pass| {
+    let name = pass.0.to_string();
+    let opts: Vec<String> = match &pass.1 {
+      None => vec![],
+      Some(opts) => opts.iter().map(|o| o.to_string()).collect(),
+    };
+
+    quote! {
+      PassDescriptor {
+        name: #name.to_string(),
+        debug_options: vec![#(format!(#opts)),*]
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  let tokens = quote! {
+    use schala_repl::PassDescriptor;
+    impl ProgrammingLanguageInterface for #name {
+      fn get_language_name(&self) -> String {
+        #language_name.to_string()
+      }
+      fn get_source_file_suffix(&self) -> String {
+        #file_ext.to_string()
+      }
+      fn execute_pipeline(&mut self, input: &str, options: &EvalOptions) -> FinishedComputation {
+        let mut chain = pass_chain![self, options; #(#pass_idents),* ];
+        chain(input)
+      }
+      fn get_passes(&self) -> Vec<PassDescriptor> {
+        vec![ #(#pass_descriptors),* ]
+        //vec![ #(PassDescriptor { name: #pass_names.to_string(), debug_options: vec![] }),* ]
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  tokens.into()
+}
--- a/schala-lang/Cargo.toml
+++ b/schala-lang/Cargo.toml
@ -2,26 +2,12 @@
 name = "schala-lang"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["greg <greg.shuflin@protonmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"

 [dependencies]
-itertools = "0.10"
-take_mut = "0.2.2"
-failure = "0.1.5"
-ena = "0.11.0"
-stopwatch = "0.0.7"
-derivative = "2.2.0"
-colored = "1.8"
-radix_trie = "0.1.5"
-assert_matches = "1.5"
-#peg = "0.7.0"
-peg = "0.8.1"
-nom = "7.1.0"
-nom_locate = "4.0.0"
-
+itertools = "0.5.8"
+take_mut = "0.1.3"
+maplit = "*"
+lazy_static = "0.2.8"

 schala-repl = { path = "../schala-repl" }
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-test-case = "1.2.0"
-pretty_assertions = "1.0.0"
+schala-codegen = { path = "../schala-codegen" }
--- a/schala-lang/source-files/prelude.schala
+++ b/schala-lang/source-files/prelude.schala
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-let _SCHALA_VERSION = "0.1.0"
-
-type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
-type Ord = LT | EQ | GT
-
-@register_builtin(print)
-fn print(arg) { }
-
-@register_builtin(println)
-fn println(arg) { }
-
-@register_builtin(getline)
-fn getline(arg) { }
-
-fn map(input: Option<T>, func: Func): Option<T> {
-  if input {
-    is Option::Some(x) then Option::Some(func(x))
-    is Option::None then Option::None
-  }
-}
-
-type Complicated = Sunrise | Metal { black: bool, norwegian: bool } | Fella(String, Int)
--- a/schala-lang/src/ast.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/ast.rs
@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use builtin::{BinOp, PrefixOp};
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AST(pub Vec<Statement>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum Statement {
+  ExpressionStatement(Expression),
+  Declaration(Declaration),
+}
+
+pub type Block = Vec<Statement>;
+
+pub type ParamName = Rc<String>;
+pub type InterfaceName = Rc<String>; //should be a singleton I think??
+pub type FormalParam = (ParamName, Option<TypeName>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum Declaration {
+  FuncSig(Signature),
+  FuncDecl(Signature, Block),
+  TypeDecl {
+    name: TypeSingletonName,
+    body: TypeBody,
+    mutable: bool
+  },
+  TypeAlias(Rc<String>, Rc<String>), //should have TypeSingletonName in it, or maybe just String, not sure
+  Binding {
+    name: Rc<String>,
+    constant: bool,
+    expr: Expression,
+  },
+  Impl {
+    type_name: TypeName,
+    interface_name: Option<InterfaceName>,
+    block: Vec<Declaration>,
+  },
+  Interface {
+    name: Rc<String>,
+    signatures: Vec<Signature>
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct Signature {
+  pub name: Rc<String>,
+  pub params: Vec<FormalParam>,
+  pub type_anno: Option<TypeName>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct TypeBody(pub Vec<Variant>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum Variant {
+  UnitStruct(Rc<String>),
+  TupleStruct(Rc<String>, Vec<TypeName>),
+  Record(Rc<String>, Vec<(Rc<String>, TypeName)>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct Expression(pub ExpressionType, pub Option<TypeName>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum TypeName {
+  Tuple(Vec<TypeName>),
+  Singleton(TypeSingletonName)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct TypeSingletonName {
+  pub name: Rc<String>,
+  pub params: Vec<TypeName>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum ExpressionType {
+  NatLiteral(u64),
+  FloatLiteral(f64),
+  StringLiteral(Rc<String>),
+  BoolLiteral(bool),
+  BinExp(BinOp, Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
+  PrefixExp(PrefixOp, Box<Expression>),
+  TupleLiteral(Vec<Expression>),
+  Value(Rc<String>),
+  NamedStruct {
+    name: Rc<String>,
+    fields: Vec<(Rc<String>, Expression)>,
+  },
+  Call {
+    f: Box<Expression>,
+    arguments: Vec<Expression>,
+  },
+  Index {
+    indexee: Box<Expression>,
+    indexers: Vec<Expression>,
+  },
+  IfExpression {
+    discriminator: Box<Discriminator>,
+    body: Box<IfExpressionBody>,
+  },
+  WhileExpression {
+    condition: Option<Box<Expression>>,
+    body: Block,
+  },
+  ForExpression {
+    enumerators: Vec<Enumerator>,
+    body: Box<ForBody>,
+  },
+  Lambda {
+    params: Vec<FormalParam>,
+    body: Block,
+  },
+  ListLiteral(Vec<Expression>),
+}
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum Discriminator {
+  Simple(Expression),
+  BinOp(Expression, BinOp)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum IfExpressionBody {
+  SimpleConditional(Block, Option<Block>),
+  SimplePatternMatch(Pattern, Block, Option<Block>),
+  GuardList(Vec<GuardArm>)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct GuardArm {
+  pub guard: Guard,
+  pub body: Block,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum Guard {
+  Pat(Pattern),
+  HalfExpr(HalfExpr)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct HalfExpr {
+  pub op: Option<BinOp>,
+  pub expr: ExpressionType,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum Pattern {
+  Ignored,
+  TuplePattern(Vec<Pattern>),
+  Literal(PatternLiteral),
+  TupleStruct(Rc<String>, Vec<Pattern>),
+  Record(Rc<String>, Vec<(Rc<String>, Pattern)>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum PatternLiteral {
+  NumPattern(ExpressionType),
+  StringPattern(Rc<String>),
+  BoolPattern(bool),
+  VarPattern(Rc<String>)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct Enumerator {
+  pub id: Rc<String>,
+  pub generator: Expression,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum ForBody {
+  MonadicReturn(Expression),
+  StatementBlock(Block),
+}
--- a/schala-lang/src/ast/mod.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/ast/mod.rs
@ -1,345 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
-#![allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
-
-use std::{
-    convert::{AsRef, From},
-    fmt,
-    rc::Rc,
-};
-
-mod operators;
-mod visitor;
-mod visualize;
-
-pub use operators::{BinOp, PrefixOp};
-pub use visitor::*;
-
-use crate::{
-    derivative::Derivative,
-    identifier::{define_id_kind, Id},
-    parsing::Location,
-    util::delim_wrapped,
-};
-
-define_id_kind!(ASTItem);
-
-pub type ItemId = Id<ASTItem>;
-
-#[derive(Derivative, Debug)]
-#[derivative(PartialEq)]
-pub struct AST {
-    #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore")]
-    pub id: ItemId,
-    pub statements: Block,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for AST {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", visualize::render_ast(self))
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Derivative, Debug, Clone)]
-#[derivative(PartialEq)]
-pub struct Statement<K> {
-    #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore")]
-    pub id: ItemId,
-    #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore")]
-    pub location: Location,
-    pub kind: K,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum StatementKind {
-    Expression(Expression),
-    Declaration(Declaration),
-    Import(ImportSpecifier),
-    Flow(FlowControl),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum FlowControl {
-    Continue,
-    Break,
-    Return(Option<Expression>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
-pub struct Block {
-    pub statements: Vec<Statement<StatementKind>>,
-}
-
-impl From<Vec<Statement<StatementKind>>> for Block {
-    fn from(statements: Vec<Statement<StatementKind>>) -> Self {
-        Self { statements }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Statement<StatementKind>> for Block {
-    fn from(statement: Statement<StatementKind>) -> Self {
-        Self { statements: vec![statement] }
-    }
-}
-
-impl AsRef<[Statement<StatementKind>]> for Block {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[Statement<StatementKind>] {
-        self.statements.as_ref()
-    }
-}
-
-pub type ParamName = Rc<String>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Derivative, Clone)]
-#[derivative(PartialEq)]
-pub struct QualifiedName {
-    #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore")]
-    pub id: ItemId,
-    pub components: Vec<Rc<String>>,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for QualifiedName {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match &self.components[..] {
-            [] => write!(f, "[<empty>]"),
-            [name] => write!(f, "{}", name),
-            [name, rest @ ..] => {
-                write!(f, "{}", name)?;
-                for c in rest {
-                    write!(f, "::{}", c)?;
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct FormalParam {
-    pub name: ParamName,
-    pub default: Option<Expression>,
-    pub anno: Option<TypeIdentifier>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum Declaration {
-    FuncSig(Signature),
-    FuncDecl(Signature, Block),
-    TypeDecl {
-        name: TypeSingletonName,
-        body: TypeBody,
-        mutable: bool,
-    },
-    //TODO TypeAlias `original` needs to be a more complex type definition
-    TypeAlias {
-        alias: Rc<String>,
-        original: Rc<String>,
-    },
-    Binding {
-        name: Rc<String>,
-        constant: bool,
-        type_anno: Option<TypeIdentifier>,
-        expr: Expression,
-    },
-    Impl {
-        type_name: TypeIdentifier,
-        interface_name: Option<TypeSingletonName>,
-        block: Vec<Statement<Declaration>>,
-    },
-    Interface {
-        name: Rc<String>,
-        signatures: Vec<Signature>,
-    },
-    //TODO need to limit the types of statements that can be annotated
-    Annotation {
-        name: Rc<String>,
-        arguments: Vec<Expression>,
-        inner: Box<Statement<StatementKind>>,
-    },
-    Module {
-        name: Rc<String>,
-        items: Block,
-    },
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct Signature {
-    pub name: Rc<String>,
-    pub operator: bool,
-    pub params: Vec<FormalParam>,
-    pub type_anno: Option<TypeIdentifier>,
-}
-
-//TODO I can probably get rid of TypeBody
-#[derive(Debug, Derivative, Clone)]
-#[derivative(PartialEq)]
-pub enum TypeBody {
-    Variants(Vec<Variant>),
-    ImmediateRecord {
-        #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore")]
-        id: ItemId,
-        fields: Vec<(Rc<String>, TypeIdentifier)>,
-    },
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Derivative, Clone)]
-#[derivative(PartialEq)]
-pub struct Variant {
-    #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore")]
-    pub id: ItemId,
-    pub name: Rc<String>,
-    pub kind: VariantKind,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum VariantKind {
-    UnitStruct,
-    TupleStruct(Vec<TypeIdentifier>),
-    Record(Vec<(Rc<String>, TypeIdentifier)>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Derivative, Clone)]
-#[derivative(PartialEq)]
-pub struct Expression {
-    #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore")]
-    pub id: ItemId,
-    pub kind: ExpressionKind,
-    //TODO this should only allow singletons, not tuples
-    pub type_anno: Option<TypeIdentifier>,
-}
-
-impl Expression {
-    pub fn new(id: ItemId, kind: ExpressionKind) -> Expression {
-        Expression { id, kind, type_anno: None }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum TypeIdentifier {
-    Tuple(Vec<TypeIdentifier>),
-    Singleton(TypeSingletonName),
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for TypeIdentifier {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            TypeIdentifier::Tuple(items) =>
-                write!(f, "{}", delim_wrapped('(', ')', items.iter().map(|item| item.to_string()))),
-            TypeIdentifier::Singleton(tsn) => {
-                write!(f, "{}", tsn.name)?;
-                if !tsn.params.is_empty() {
-                    write!(f, "{}", delim_wrapped('<', '>', tsn.params.iter().map(|item| item.to_string())))?;
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct TypeSingletonName {
-    pub name: Rc<String>,
-    pub params: Vec<TypeIdentifier>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum ExpressionKind {
-    NatLiteral(u64),
-    FloatLiteral(f64),
-    StringLiteral { prefix: Option<Rc<String>>, s: Rc<String> },
-    BoolLiteral(bool),
-    BinExp(BinOp, Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
-    PrefixExp(PrefixOp, Box<Expression>),
-    TupleLiteral(Vec<Expression>),
-    Value(QualifiedName),
-    SelfValue,
-    NamedStruct { name: QualifiedName, fields: Vec<(Rc<String>, Expression)> },
-    Call { f: Box<Expression>, arguments: Vec<InvocationArgument> },
-    Index { indexee: Box<Expression>, indexers: Vec<Expression> },
-    IfExpression { discriminator: Option<Box<Expression>>, body: Box<IfExpressionBody> },
-    WhileExpression { condition: Option<Box<Expression>>, body: Block },
-    ForExpression { enumerators: Vec<Enumerator>, body: Box<ForBody> },
-    Lambda { params: Vec<FormalParam>, type_anno: Option<TypeIdentifier>, body: Block },
-    Access { name: Rc<String>, expr: Box<Expression> },
-    ListLiteral(Vec<Expression>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum InvocationArgument {
-    Positional(Expression),
-    Keyword { name: Rc<String>, expr: Expression },
-    Ignored,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum IfExpressionBody {
-    SimpleConditional { then_case: Block, else_case: Option<Block> },
-    SimplePatternMatch { pattern: Pattern, then_case: Block, else_case: Option<Block> },
-    CondList(Vec<ConditionArm>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct ConditionArm {
-    pub condition: Condition,
-    pub guard: Option<Expression>,
-    pub body: Block,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum Condition {
-    Pattern(Pattern),
-    TruncatedOp(BinOp, Expression),
-    //Expression(Expression), //I'm pretty sure I don't actually want this
-    Else,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum Pattern {
-    Ignored,
-    TuplePattern(Vec<Pattern>),
-    Literal(PatternLiteral),
-    TupleStruct(QualifiedName, Vec<Pattern>),
-    Record(QualifiedName, Vec<(Rc<String>, Pattern)>),
-    VarOrName(QualifiedName),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum PatternLiteral {
-    NumPattern { neg: bool, num: ExpressionKind },
-    StringPattern(Rc<String>),
-    BoolPattern(bool),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct Enumerator {
-    pub identifier: Rc<String>,
-    pub generator: Expression,
-    pub assignment: bool, //true if `=`, false if `<-`
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum ForBody {
-    MonadicReturn(Expression),
-    StatementBlock(Block),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Derivative, Clone)]
-#[derivative(PartialEq)]
-pub struct ImportSpecifier {
-    #[derivative(PartialEq = "ignore")]
-    pub id: ItemId,
-    pub path_components: Vec<Rc<String>>,
-    pub imported_names: ImportedNames,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum ImportedNames {
-    All,
-    LastOfPath,
-    List(Vec<Rc<String>>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct ModuleSpecifier {
-    pub name: Rc<String>,
-    pub contents: Block,
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/ast/operators.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/ast/operators.rs
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct PrefixOp {
-    sigil: Rc<String>,
-}
-
-impl PrefixOp {
-    pub fn from_sigil(sigil: &str) -> PrefixOp {
-        PrefixOp { sigil: Rc::new(sigil.to_string()) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn sigil(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.sigil
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct BinOp {
-    sigil: Rc<String>,
-}
-
-impl BinOp {
-    pub fn from_sigil(sigil: &str) -> BinOp {
-        BinOp { sigil: Rc::new(sigil.to_string()) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn sigil(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.sigil
-    }
-
-    pub fn min_precedence() -> i32 {
-        i32::min_value()
-    }
-    pub fn get_precedence(&self) -> i32 {
-        binop_precedences(self.sigil.as_ref())
-    }
-}
-
-fn binop_precedences(s: &str) -> i32 {
-    let default = 10_000_000;
-    match s {
-        "+" => 10,
-        "-" => 10,
-        "*" => 20,
-        "/" => 20,
-        "%" => 20,
-        "++" => 30,
-        "^" => 30,
-        "&" => 20,
-        "|" => 20,
-        ">" => 20,
-        ">=" => 20,
-        "<" => 20,
-        "<=" => 20,
-        "==" => 40,
-        "<=>" => 30,
-        "=" => 5, // Assignment shoudl have highest precedence
-        _ => default,
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/ast/visitor.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/ast/visitor.rs
@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-use crate::ast::*;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum Recursion {
-    Continue,
-    Stop,
-}
-
-pub trait ASTVisitor: Sized {
-    fn expression(&mut self, _expression: &Expression) -> Recursion {
-        Recursion::Continue
-    }
-    fn declaration(&mut self, _declaration: &Declaration, _id: &ItemId) -> Recursion {
-        Recursion::Continue
-    }
-
-    fn import(&mut self, _import: &ImportSpecifier) -> Recursion {
-        Recursion::Continue
-    }
-    fn pattern(&mut self, _pat: &Pattern) -> Recursion {
-        Recursion::Continue
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn walk_ast<V: ASTVisitor>(v: &mut V, ast: &AST) {
-    walk_block(v, &ast.statements);
-}
-
-pub fn walk_block<V: ASTVisitor>(v: &mut V, block: &Block) {
-    use StatementKind::*;
-    for statement in block.statements.iter() {
-        match statement.kind {
-            StatementKind::Expression(ref expr) => {
-                walk_expression(v, expr);
-            }
-            Declaration(ref decl) => {
-                walk_declaration(v, decl, &statement.id);
-            }
-            Import(ref import_spec) => {
-                v.import(import_spec);
-            }
-            Flow(ref flow_control) =>
-                if let FlowControl::Return(Some(ref retval)) = flow_control {
-                    walk_expression(v, retval);
-                },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn walk_declaration<V: ASTVisitor>(v: &mut V, decl: &Declaration, id: &ItemId) {
-    use Declaration::*;
-
-    if let Recursion::Continue = v.declaration(decl, id) {
-        match decl {
-            FuncDecl(_sig, block) => {
-                walk_block(v, block);
-            }
-            Binding { name: _, constant: _, type_anno: _, expr } => {
-                walk_expression(v, expr);
-            }
-            Module { name: _, items } => {
-                walk_block(v, items);
-            }
-            _ => (),
-        };
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn walk_expression<V: ASTVisitor>(v: &mut V, expr: &Expression) {
-    use ExpressionKind::*;
-
-    if let Recursion::Continue = v.expression(expr) {
-        match &expr.kind {
-            NatLiteral(_)
-            | FloatLiteral(_)
-            | StringLiteral { .. }
-            | BoolLiteral(_)
-            | Value(_)
-            | SelfValue => (),
-            BinExp(_, lhs, rhs) => {
-                walk_expression(v, lhs);
-                walk_expression(v, rhs);
-            }
-            PrefixExp(_, arg) => {
-                walk_expression(v, arg);
-            }
-            TupleLiteral(exprs) =>
-                for expr in exprs {
-                    walk_expression(v, expr);
-                },
-            NamedStruct { name: _, fields } =>
-                for (_, expr) in fields.iter() {
-                    walk_expression(v, expr);
-                },
-            Call { f, arguments } => {
-                walk_expression(v, f);
-                for arg in arguments.iter() {
-                    match arg {
-                        InvocationArgument::Positional(expr) | InvocationArgument::Keyword { expr, .. } =>
-                            walk_expression(v, expr),
-                        _ => (),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Index { indexee, indexers } => {
-                walk_expression(v, indexee);
-                for indexer in indexers.iter() {
-                    walk_expression(v, indexer);
-                }
-            }
-            IfExpression { discriminator, body } => {
-                if let Some(d) = discriminator.as_ref() {
-                    walk_expression(v, d);
-                }
-                walk_if_expr_body(v, body.as_ref());
-            }
-            WhileExpression { condition, body } => {
-                if let Some(d) = condition.as_ref() {
-                    walk_expression(v, d);
-                }
-                walk_block(v, body);
-            }
-            ForExpression { enumerators, body } => {
-                for enumerator in enumerators {
-                    walk_expression(v, &enumerator.generator);
-                }
-                match body.as_ref() {
-                    ForBody::MonadicReturn(expr) => walk_expression(v, expr),
-                    ForBody::StatementBlock(block) => walk_block(v, block),
-                };
-            }
-            Lambda { params: _, type_anno: _, body } => {
-                walk_block(v, body);
-            }
-            Access { name: _, expr } => {
-                walk_expression(v, expr);
-            }
-            ListLiteral(exprs) =>
-                for expr in exprs {
-                    walk_expression(v, expr);
-                },
-        };
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn walk_if_expr_body<V: ASTVisitor>(v: &mut V, body: &IfExpressionBody) {
-    use IfExpressionBody::*;
-
-    match body {
-        SimpleConditional { then_case, else_case } => {
-            walk_block(v, then_case);
-            if let Some(block) = else_case.as_ref() {
-                walk_block(v, block)
-            }
-        }
-        SimplePatternMatch { pattern, then_case, else_case } => {
-            walk_pattern(v, pattern);
-            walk_block(v, then_case);
-            if let Some(block) = else_case.as_ref() {
-                walk_block(v, block)
-            }
-        }
-        CondList(arms) =>
-            for arm in arms {
-                match arm.condition {
-                    Condition::Pattern(ref pat) => {
-                        walk_pattern(v, pat);
-                    }
-                    Condition::TruncatedOp(ref _binop, ref expr) => {
-                        walk_expression(v, expr);
-                    }
-                    Condition::Else => (),
-                }
-                if let Some(ref guard) = arm.guard {
-                    walk_expression(v, guard);
-                }
-                walk_block(v, &arm.body);
-            },
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn walk_pattern<V: ASTVisitor>(v: &mut V, pat: &Pattern) {
-    use Pattern::*;
-
-    if let Recursion::Continue = v.pattern(pat) {
-        match pat {
-            TuplePattern(patterns) =>
-                for pat in patterns {
-                    walk_pattern(v, pat);
-                },
-            TupleStruct(_, patterns) =>
-                for pat in patterns {
-                    walk_pattern(v, pat);
-                },
-            Record(_, name_and_patterns) =>
-                for (_, pat) in name_and_patterns {
-                    walk_pattern(v, pat);
-                },
-            _ => (),
-        };
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/ast/visualize.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/ast/visualize.rs
@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::single_char_add_str)]
-use std::fmt::Write;
-
-use super::{
-    Block, Declaration, Expression, ExpressionKind, FlowControl, ImportSpecifier, InvocationArgument,
-    Signature, Statement, StatementKind, AST,
-};
-
-const LEVEL: usize = 2;
-
-fn do_indent(n: usize, buf: &mut String) {
-    for _ in 0..n {
-        buf.push(' ');
-    }
-}
-
-fn newline(buf: &mut String) {
-    buf.push('\n');
-}
-
-pub(super) fn render_ast(ast: &AST) -> String {
-    let AST { statements, .. } = ast;
-
-    let mut buf = "(AST\n".to_string();
-    render_block(statements, LEVEL, &mut buf);
-
-    buf.push(')');
-
-    buf
-}
-
-fn render_statement(stmt: &Statement<StatementKind>, indent: usize, buf: &mut String) {
-    use StatementKind::*;
-    do_indent(indent, buf);
-    match stmt.kind {
-        Expression(ref expr) => render_expression(expr, indent, buf),
-        Declaration(ref decl) => render_declaration(decl, indent, buf),
-        Import(ref spec) => render_import(spec, indent, buf),
-        Flow(ref flow_control) => render_flow_control(flow_control, indent, buf),
-    }
-}
-
-fn render_expression(expr: &Expression, indent: usize, buf: &mut String) {
-    use ExpressionKind::*;
-
-    buf.push_str("(Expr ");
-    match &expr.kind {
-        SelfValue => write!(buf, "(SelfValue)").unwrap(),
-        NatLiteral(n) => buf.push_str(&format!("(NatLiteral {})", n)),
-        FloatLiteral(f) => buf.push_str(&format!("(FloatLiteral {})", f)),
-        StringLiteral { s, prefix } => buf.push_str(&format!("(StringLiteral prefix: {:?} {})", prefix, s)),
-        BoolLiteral(b) => buf.push_str(&format!("(BoolLiteral {})", b)),
-        BinExp(binop, lhs, rhs) => {
-            let new_indent = indent + LEVEL;
-            buf.push_str(&format!("Binop {}\n", binop.sigil()));
-
-            do_indent(new_indent, buf);
-            render_expression(lhs, new_indent, buf);
-            newline(buf);
-
-            do_indent(new_indent, buf);
-            render_expression(rhs, new_indent, buf);
-            newline(buf);
-
-            do_indent(indent, buf);
-        }
-        PrefixExp(prefix, expr) => {
-            let new_indent = indent + LEVEL;
-            buf.push_str(&format!("PrefixOp {}\n", prefix.sigil()));
-
-            do_indent(new_indent, buf);
-            render_expression(expr, new_indent, buf);
-            newline(buf);
-
-            do_indent(indent, buf);
-        }
-        TupleLiteral(..) => (),
-        Value(name) => {
-            buf.push_str(&format!("Value {})", name));
-        }
-        NamedStruct { name: _, fields: _ } => (),
-        Call { f, arguments } => {
-            let new_indent = indent + LEVEL;
-            buf.push_str("Call ");
-            render_expression(f, new_indent, buf);
-            newline(buf);
-
-            for arg in arguments {
-                do_indent(new_indent, buf);
-                match arg {
-                    InvocationArgument::Positional(expr) => render_expression(expr, new_indent, buf),
-                    InvocationArgument::Keyword { .. } => buf.push_str("<keyword>"),
-                    InvocationArgument::Ignored => buf.push_str("<ignored>"),
-                }
-                newline(buf);
-                do_indent(indent, buf);
-            }
-        }
-        Index { .. } => buf.push_str("<index>"),
-        IfExpression { .. } => buf.push_str("<if-expr>"),
-        WhileExpression { .. } => buf.push_str("<while-expr>"),
-        ForExpression { .. } => buf.push_str("<for-expr>"),
-        Lambda { params, type_anno: _, body } => {
-            let new_indent = indent + LEVEL;
-            buf.push_str("Lambda ");
-            newline(buf);
-
-            do_indent(new_indent, buf);
-            buf.push_str("(Args ");
-            for p in params {
-                buf.push_str(&format!("{} ", p.name));
-            }
-            buf.push(')');
-            newline(buf);
-
-            do_indent(new_indent, buf);
-            buf.push_str("(Body ");
-            newline(buf);
-            render_block(body, new_indent + LEVEL, buf);
-            do_indent(new_indent, buf);
-            buf.push(')');
-
-            newline(buf);
-            do_indent(indent, buf);
-        }
-        Access { .. } => buf.push_str("<access-expr>"),
-        ListLiteral(..) => buf.push_str("<list-literal>"),
-    }
-    buf.push(')');
-}
-fn render_declaration(decl: &Declaration, indent: usize, buf: &mut String) {
-    use Declaration::*;
-
-    buf.push_str("(Decl ");
-    match decl {
-        FuncSig(ref sig) => render_signature(sig, indent, buf),
-        FuncDecl(ref sig, ref block) => {
-            let indent = indent + LEVEL;
-            buf.push_str("Function");
-            newline(buf);
-
-            do_indent(indent, buf);
-            render_signature(sig, indent, buf);
-            newline(buf);
-
-            do_indent(indent, buf);
-            buf.push_str("(Body");
-            newline(buf);
-
-            render_block(block, indent + LEVEL, buf);
-            do_indent(indent, buf);
-            buf.push_str(")");
-            newline(buf);
-        }
-        TypeDecl { name: _, body: _, .. } => {
-            buf.push_str("<type-decl>");
-        }
-        TypeAlias { alias: _, original: _ } => {
-            buf.push_str("<type-alias>");
-        }
-        Binding { name, constant: _, type_anno: _, expr } => {
-            let new_indent = indent + LEVEL;
-            buf.push_str(&format!("Binding {}", name));
-            newline(buf);
-            do_indent(new_indent, buf);
-            render_expression(expr, new_indent, buf);
-            newline(buf);
-        }
-        Module { name, items: _ } => {
-            write!(buf, "(Module {} <body>)", name).unwrap();
-        }
-        _ => (), /*
-                 Impl { type_name: TypeIdentifier, interface_name: Option<TypeSingletonName>, block: Vec<Declaration> },
-                 Interface { name: Rc<String>, signatures: Vec<Signature> },
-                 Annotation { name: Rc<String>, arguments: Vec<Expression> },
-                     */
-    }
-    do_indent(indent, buf);
-    buf.push(')');
-}
-
-fn render_block(block: &Block, indent: usize, buf: &mut String) {
-    for stmt in block.statements.iter() {
-        render_statement(stmt, indent, buf);
-        newline(buf);
-    }
-}
-
-fn render_signature(sig: &Signature, _indent: usize, buf: &mut String) {
-    buf.push_str(&format!("(Signature {} )", sig.name));
-}
-
-fn render_import(_import: &ImportSpecifier, _indent: usize, buf: &mut String) {
-    buf.push_str("(Import <some import>)");
-}
-
-fn render_flow_control(flow: &FlowControl, _indent: usize, buf: &mut String) {
-    use FlowControl::*;
-    match flow {
-        Return(ref _expr) => write!(buf, "return <expr>").unwrap(),
-        Break => write!(buf, "break").unwrap(),
-        Continue => write!(buf, "continue").unwrap(),
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::render_ast;
-    use crate::util::quick_ast;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_visualization() {
-        let ast = quick_ast(
-            r#"
-    fn test(x) {
-        let m = 9
-        1 * 4 <> m |> somemod::output(x)
-    }
-
-    let quincy = \(no, yes, maybe) {
-        let a = 10
-        yes * no + a
-    }
-
-    let b = 54
-    test(b) == 3
-    "#,
-        );
-
-        let expected_output = r#"(AST
-  (Decl Function
-    (Signature test )
-    (Body
-      (Decl Binding m
-        (Expr (NatLiteral 9))
-      )
-      (Expr Binop *
-        (Expr (NatLiteral 1))
-        (Expr Binop |>
-          (Expr Binop <>
-            (Expr (NatLiteral 4))
-            (Expr Value m))
-          )
-          (Expr Call (Expr Value somemod::output))
-            (Expr Value x))
-          )
-        )
-      )
-    )
-  )
-  (Decl Binding quincy
-    (Expr Lambda 
-      (Args no yes maybe )
-      (Body 
-        (Decl Binding a
-          (Expr (NatLiteral 10))
-        )
-        (Expr Binop +
-          (Expr Binop *
-            (Expr Value yes))
-            (Expr Value no))
-          )
-          (Expr Value a))
-        )
-      )
-    )
-  )
-  (Decl Binding b
-    (Expr (NatLiteral 54))
-  )
-  (Expr Binop ==
-    (Expr Call (Expr Value test))
-      (Expr Value b))
-    )
-    (Expr (NatLiteral 3))
-  )
-)"#;
-
-        let rendered = render_ast(&ast);
-        assert_eq!(rendered, expected_output);
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/builtin.rs
@ -1,130 +1,100 @@
-use std::{convert::TryFrom, str::FromStr};
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt;

-use crate::{
-    ast::{BinOp, PrefixOp},
-    type_inference::Type,
-};
+use self::Type::*; use self::TConstOld::*;

-/// "Builtin" computational operations with some kind of semantics, mostly mathematical operations.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Builtin {
-    Add,
-    Increment,
-    Subtract,
-    Negate,
-    Multiply,
-    Divide,
-    Quotient,
-    Modulo,
-    Exponentiation,
-    BitwiseAnd,
-    BitwiseOr,
-    BooleanAnd,
-    BooleanOr,
-    BooleanNot,
-    Equality,
-    LessThan,
-    LessThanOrEqual,
-    GreaterThan,
-    GreaterThanOrEqual,
-    Comparison,
-    IOPrint,
-    IOPrintLn,
-    IOGetLine,
-    Assignment,
-    Concatenate,
-    NotEqual,
+
+//TODO get rid of these types and replace them with the right MonoType or whatever ones later
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum Type {
+  Const(TConstOld),
+  Func(Box<Type>, Box<Type>),
 }

-impl Builtin {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn get_type(&self) -> Type {
-        use Builtin::*;
-        match self {
-            Add => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Nat),
-            Subtract => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Nat),
-            Multiply => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Nat),
-            Divide => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Float),
-            Quotient => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Nat),
-            Modulo => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Nat),
-            Exponentiation => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Nat),
-            BitwiseAnd => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Nat),
-            BitwiseOr => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Nat),
-            BooleanAnd => ty!(Bool -> Bool -> Bool),
-            BooleanOr => ty!(Bool -> Bool -> Bool),
-            BooleanNot => ty!(Bool -> Bool),
-            Equality => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Bool),
-            LessThan => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Bool),
-            LessThanOrEqual => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Bool),
-            GreaterThan => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Bool),
-            GreaterThanOrEqual => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Bool),
-            Comparison => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Ordering),
-            IOPrint => ty!(Unit),
-            IOPrintLn => ty!(Unit),
-            IOGetLine => ty!(StringT),
-            Assignment => ty!(Unit),
-            Concatenate => ty!(StringT -> StringT -> StringT),
-            Increment => ty!(Nat -> Int),
-            Negate => ty!(Nat -> Int),
-            NotEqual => ty!(Nat -> Nat -> Bool),
-        }
-    }
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum TConstOld {
+  Nat,
+  Int,
+  Float,
+  StringT,
+  Bool,
 }

-impl TryFrom<&BinOp> for Builtin {
-    type Error = ();
-
-    fn try_from(binop: &BinOp) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        FromStr::from_str(binop.sigil())
-    }
+impl fmt::Display for Type {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    write!(f, "{:?}", self)
+  }
 }

-impl TryFrom<&PrefixOp> for Builtin {
-    type Error = ();
-
-    fn try_from(prefix_op: &PrefixOp) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        use Builtin::*;
-
-        match prefix_op.sigil() {
-            "+" => Ok(Increment),
-            "-" => Ok(Negate),
-            "!" => Ok(BooleanNot),
-            _ => Err(()),
-        }
-    }
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct BinOp {
+  sigil: Rc<String>
 }

-impl FromStr for Builtin {
-    type Err = ();
-
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        use Builtin::*;
-        Ok(match s {
-            "+" => Add,
-            "-" => Subtract,
-            "*" => Multiply,
-            "/" => Divide,
-            "quot" => Quotient,
-            "%" => Modulo,
-            "++" => Concatenate,
-            "^" => Exponentiation,
-            "&" => BitwiseAnd,
-            "&&" => BooleanAnd,
-            "|" => BitwiseOr,
-            "||" => BooleanOr,
-            "!" => BooleanNot,
-            ">" => GreaterThan,
-            ">=" => GreaterThanOrEqual,
-            "<" => LessThan,
-            "<=" => LessThanOrEqual,
-            "==" => Equality,
-            "!=" => NotEqual,
-            "=" => Assignment,
-            "<=>" => Comparison,
-            "print" => IOPrint,
-            "println" => IOPrintLn,
-            "getline" => IOGetLine,
-            _ => return Err(()),
-        })
-    }
+impl BinOp {
+  pub fn from_sigil(sigil: &str) -> BinOp {
+    BinOp { sigil: Rc::new(sigil.to_string()) }
+  }
+  pub fn sigil(&self) -> &Rc<String> {
+    &self.sigil
+  }
+  pub fn get_type(&self) -> Result<Type, String> {
+    let s = self.sigil.as_str();
+    BINOPS.get(s).map(|x| x.0.clone()).ok_or(format!("Binop {} not found", s))
+  }
+  pub fn min_precedence() -> i32 {
+    i32::min_value()
+  }
+  pub fn get_precedence(op: &str) -> i32 {
+    let default = 10_000_000;
+    BINOPS.get(op).map(|x| x.2.clone()).unwrap_or(default)
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct PrefixOp {
+  sigil: Rc<String>
+}
+
+impl PrefixOp {
+  pub fn from_sigil(sigil: &str) -> PrefixOp {
+    PrefixOp { sigil: Rc::new(sigil.to_string()) }
+  }
+  pub fn sigil(&self) -> &Rc<String> {
+    &self.sigil
+  }
+  pub fn is_prefix(op: &str) -> bool {
+    PREFIX_OPS.get(op).is_some()
+  }
+  pub fn get_type(&self) -> Result<Type, String> {
+    let s = self.sigil.as_str();
+    PREFIX_OPS.get(s).map(|x| x.0.clone()).ok_or(format!("Prefix op {} not found", s))
+  }
+}
+lazy_static! {
+  static ref PREFIX_OPS: HashMap<&'static str, (Type, ())> = 
+    hashmap! {
+      "+" => (Func(bx!(Const(Int)),  bx!(Const(Int))), ()),
+      "-" => (Func(bx!(Const(Int)),  bx!(Const(Int))), ()),
+      "!" => (Func(bx!(Const(Bool)),  bx!(Const(Bool))), ()),
+    };
+}
+
+/* the second tuple member is a placeholder for when I want to make evaluation rules tied to the
+ * binop definition */
+lazy_static! {
+  static ref BINOPS: HashMap<&'static str, (Type, (), i32)> =
+    hashmap! {
+      "+" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Nat))))), (), 10),
+      "-" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Nat))))), (), 10),
+      "*" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Nat))))), (), 20),
+      "/" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Float))))), (), 20),
+      "//" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Nat))))), (), 20), //TODO change this to `quot`
+      "%" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Nat))))), (), 20),
+      "++" => (Func(bx!(Const(StringT)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(StringT)), bx!(Const(StringT))))), (), 30),
+      "^" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Nat))))), (), 20),
+      "&" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Nat))))), (), 20),
+      "|" => (Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Func(bx!(Const(Nat)), bx!(Const(Nat))))), (), 20),
+    };
 }
--- a/schala-lang/src/error.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/error.rs
@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{
-    parsing::{Location, ParseError},
-    schala::{SourceReference, Stage},
-    symbol_table::SymbolError,
-    type_inference::TypeError,
-};
-
-pub struct SchalaError {
-    errors: Vec<Error>,
-}
-
-impl SchalaError {
-    pub(crate) fn display(&self) -> String {
-        match self.errors[0] {
-            Error::Parse(ref parse_err) => parse_err.to_string(),
-            Error::Standard { ref text, .. } => text.as_ref().cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub(crate) fn from_type_error(err: TypeError) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            errors: vec![Error::Standard { location: None, text: Some(err.msg), stage: Stage::Typechecking }],
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn from_symbol_table(symbol_errs: Vec<SymbolError>) -> Self {
-        //TODO this could be better
-        let errors = symbol_errs
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|_symbol_err| Error::Standard {
-                location: None,
-                text: Some("symbol table error".to_string()),
-                stage: Stage::Symbols,
-            })
-            .collect();
-        Self { errors }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn from_string(text: String, stage: Stage) -> Self {
-        Self { errors: vec![Error::Standard { location: None, text: Some(text), stage }] }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn from_parse_error(parse_error: ParseError, source_reference: &SourceReference) -> Self {
-        let formatted_parse_error = format_parse_error(parse_error, source_reference);
-        Self { errors: vec![Error::Parse(formatted_parse_error)] }
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-enum Error {
-    Standard { location: Option<Location>, text: Option<String>, stage: Stage },
-    Parse(String),
-}
-
-fn format_parse_error(error: ParseError, source_reference: &SourceReference) -> String {
-    let offset = error.location.offset;
-    let (line_start, line_num, line_from_program) = source_reference.get_line(offset);
-    let ch = offset - line_start;
-
-    let location_pointer = format!("{}^", " ".repeat(ch));
-
-    let line_num_digits = format!("{}", line_num).chars().count();
-    let space_padding = " ".repeat(line_num_digits);
-
-    format!(
-        r#"
-{error_msg}
-{space_padding} |
-{line_num} | {}
-{space_padding} | {}
-"#,
-        line_from_program,
-        location_pointer,
-        error_msg = error.msg,
-        space_padding = space_padding,
-        line_num = line_num,
-    )
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/eval.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/eval.rs
@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::fmt::Write;
+use std::io;
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+
+use util::StateStack;
+use reduced_ast::{ReducedAST, Stmt, Expr, Lit, Func};
+use symbol_table::{SymbolSpec, Symbol, SymbolTable};
+
+pub struct State<'a> {
+  values: StateStack<'a, Rc<String>, ValueEntry>,
+  symbol_table_handle: Rc<RefCell<SymbolTable>>,
+}
+
+macro_rules! builtin_binding {
+  ($name:expr, $values:expr) => {
+    $values.insert(Rc::new(format!($name)), ValueEntry::Binding { constant: true, val: Expr::Func(Func::BuiltIn(Rc::new(format!($name)))) });
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> State<'a> {
+  pub fn new(symbol_table_handle: Rc<RefCell<SymbolTable>>) -> State<'a> {
+    let mut values = StateStack::new(Some(format!("global")));
+    builtin_binding!("print", values);
+    builtin_binding!("println", values);
+    builtin_binding!("getline", values);
+    State { values, symbol_table_handle }
+  }
+
+  pub fn debug_print(&self) -> String {
+    format!("Values: {:?}", self.values)
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum ValueEntry {
+  Binding {
+    constant: bool,
+    val: /*FullyEvaluatedExpr*/ Expr,
+  }
+}
+
+type EvalResult<T> = Result<T, String>;
+
+
+impl Expr {
+  fn to_repl(&self) -> String {
+    use self::Lit::*;
+    use self::Func::*;
+    fn paren_wrapped_vec(exprs: &Vec<Expr>) -> String {
+      let mut buf = String::new();
+      write!(buf, "(").unwrap();
+      for term in exprs.iter().map(|e| Some(e)).intersperse(None) {
+        match term {
+          Some(e) => write!(buf, "{}", e.to_repl()).unwrap(),
+          None => write!(buf, ", ").unwrap(),
+        };
+      }
+      write!(buf, ")").unwrap();
+      buf
+    }
+
+    match self {
+      Expr::Lit(ref l) => match l {
+        Nat(n) => format!("{}", n),
+        Int(i) => format!("{}", i),
+        Float(f) => format!("{}", f),
+        Bool(b) => format!("{}", b),
+        StringLit(s) => format!("\"{}\"", s),
+        Custom(name, args) if args.len() == 0 => format!("{}", name),
+        Custom(name, args) => format!("{}{}", name, paren_wrapped_vec(args)),
+      },
+      Expr::Func(f) => match f {
+        BuiltIn(name) => format!("<built-in function {}>", name),
+        UserDefined { name: None, .. } => format!("<function>"),
+        UserDefined { name: Some(name), .. } => format!("<function {}>", name),
+      },
+      Expr::Constructor { name } => format!("<constructor {}>", name),
+      Expr::Tuple(exprs) => paren_wrapped_vec(exprs),
+      _ => format!("{:?}", self),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> State<'a> {
+  pub fn evaluate(&mut self, ast: ReducedAST, repl: bool) -> Vec<Result<String, String>> {
+    let mut acc = vec![];
+
+    // handle prebindings
+    for statement in ast.0.iter() {
+      self.prebinding(statement);
+    }
+
+    for statement in ast.0 {
+      match self.statement(statement) {
+        Ok(Some(ref output)) if repl => acc.push(Ok(output.to_repl())),
+        Ok(_) => (),
+        Err(error) => {
+          acc.push(Err(format!("Runtime error: {}", error)));
+          return acc;
+        },
+      }
+    }
+    acc
+  }
+
+  fn prebinding(&mut self, stmt: &Stmt) {
+    match stmt {
+      Stmt::PreBinding { name, func } => {
+        let v_entry = ValueEntry::Binding { constant: true, val: Expr::Func(func.clone()) };
+        self.values.insert(name.clone(), v_entry);
+      },
+      Stmt::Expr(_expr) => {
+        //TODO have this support things like nested function defs
+
+      },
+      _ => ()
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn statement(&mut self, stmt: Stmt) -> EvalResult<Option<Expr>> {
+    match stmt {
+      Stmt::Binding { name, constant, expr } => {
+        let val = self.expression(expr)?;
+        self.values.insert(name.clone(), ValueEntry::Binding { constant, val });
+        Ok(None)
+      },
+      Stmt::Expr(expr) => Ok(Some(self.expression(expr)?)),
+      Stmt::PreBinding {..} | Stmt::Noop => Ok(None),
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn block(&mut self, stmts: Vec<Stmt>) -> EvalResult<Expr> {
+    let mut ret = None;
+    for stmt in stmts {
+      ret = self.statement(stmt)?;
+    }
+    Ok(ret.unwrap_or(Expr::Unit))
+  }
+
+  fn expression(&mut self, expr: Expr) -> EvalResult<Expr> {
+    use self::Expr::*;
+    match expr {
+      literal @ Lit(_) => Ok(literal),
+      Call { box f, args } => {
+        match self.expression(f)? {
+          Constructor {name} => self.apply_data_constructor(name, args),
+          Func(f) => self.apply_function(f, args),
+          other => return Err(format!("Tried to call {:?} which is not a function or data constructor", other)),
+        }
+      },
+      Val(v) => self.value(v),
+      constr @ Constructor { .. } => Ok(constr),
+      func @ Func(_) => Ok(func),
+      Tuple(exprs) => Ok(Tuple(exprs.into_iter().map(|expr| self.expression(expr)).collect::<Result<Vec<Expr>,_>>()?)),
+      Conditional { box cond, then_clause, else_clause } => self.conditional(cond, then_clause, else_clause),
+      Assign { box val, box expr } => {
+        let name = match val  {
+          Expr::Val(name) => name,
+          _ => return Err(format!("Trying to assign to a non-value")),
+        };
+
+        let constant = match self.values.lookup(&name) {
+          None => return Err(format!("{} is undefined", name)),
+          Some(ValueEntry::Binding { constant, .. }) => constant.clone(),
+        };
+        if constant {
+          return Err(format!("trying to update {}, a non-mutable binding", name));
+        }
+        let val = self.expression(expr)?;
+        self.values.insert(name.clone(), ValueEntry::Binding { constant: false, val });
+        Ok(Expr::Unit)
+      },
+      e => Err(format!("Expr {:?} eval not implemented", e))
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn apply_data_constructor(&mut self, name: Rc<String>, args: Vec<Expr>) -> EvalResult<Expr> {
+    {
+      let symbol_table = self.symbol_table_handle.borrow();
+      match symbol_table.values.get(&name) {
+        Some(Symbol { spec: SymbolSpec::DataConstructor { type_name, type_args }, name }) => {
+          if args.len() != type_args.len() {
+            return Err(format!("Data constructor {} requires {} args", name, type_args.len()));
+          }
+          ()
+        },
+        _ => return Err(format!("Bad symbol {}", name))
+      }
+    }
+    let evaled_args = args.into_iter().map(|expr| self.expression(expr)).collect::<Result<Vec<Expr>,_>>()?;
+    //let evaled_args = vec![];
+    Ok(Expr::Lit(self::Lit::Custom(name.clone(), evaled_args)))
+  }
+
+  fn apply_function(&mut self, f: Func, args: Vec<Expr>) -> EvalResult<Expr> {
+    match f {
+      Func::BuiltIn(sigil) => self.apply_builtin(sigil, args),
+      Func::UserDefined { params, body, name } => {
+
+        if params.len() != args.len() {
+          return Err(format!("calling a {}-argument function with {} args", params.len(), args.len()))
+        }
+        let mut func_state = State {
+          values: self.values.new_frame(name.map(|n| format!("{}", n))),
+          symbol_table_handle: self.symbol_table_handle.clone(),
+        };
+        for (param, val) in params.into_iter().zip(args.into_iter()) {
+          let val = func_state.expression(val)?;
+          func_state.values.insert(param, ValueEntry::Binding { constant: true, val });
+        }
+        // TODO figure out function return semantics
+        func_state.block(body)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn apply_builtin(&mut self, name: Rc<String>, args: Vec<Expr>) -> EvalResult<Expr> {
+    use self::Expr::*;
+    use self::Lit::*;
+    let evaled_args: Result<Vec<Expr>, String> = args.into_iter().map(|arg| self.expression(arg)).collect();
+    let evaled_args = evaled_args?;
+
+    Ok(match (name.as_str(), evaled_args.as_slice()) {
+      /* binops */
+      ("+", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Nat(l + r)),
+      ("++", &[Lit(StringLit(ref s1)), Lit(StringLit(ref s2))]) => Lit(StringLit(Rc::new(format!("{}{}", s1, s2)))),
+      ("-", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Nat(l - r)),
+      ("*", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Nat(l * r)),
+      ("/", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Float((l as f64)/ (r as f64))),
+      ("//", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => if r == 0 {
+        return Err(format!("divide by zero"));
+      } else {
+        Lit(Nat(l / r))
+      },
+      ("%", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Nat(l % r)),
+      ("^", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Nat(l ^ r)),
+      ("&", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Nat(l & r)),
+      ("|", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Nat(l | r)),
+
+      ("==", &[Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))]) => Lit(Bool(l == r)),
+      ("==", &[Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Int(r))]) => Lit(Bool(l == r)),
+      ("==", &[Lit(Float(l)), Lit(Float(r))]) => Lit(Bool(l == r)),
+      ("==", &[Lit(Bool(l)), Lit(Bool(r))]) => Lit(Bool(l == r)),
+      ("==", &[Lit(StringLit(ref l)), Lit(StringLit(ref r))]) => Lit(Bool(l == r)),
+
+      /* prefix ops */
+      ("!", &[Lit(Bool(true))]) => Lit(Bool(false)),
+      ("!", &[Lit(Bool(false))]) => Lit(Bool(true)),
+      ("-", &[Lit(Nat(n))]) => Lit(Int(-1*(n as i64))),
+      ("-", &[Lit(Int(n))]) => Lit(Int(-1*(n as i64))),
+      ("+", &[Lit(Int(n))]) => Lit(Int(n)),
+      ("+", &[Lit(Nat(n))]) => Lit(Nat(n)),
+
+
+      /* builtin functions */
+      ("print", &[ref anything]) => {
+        print!("{}", anything.to_repl());
+        Expr::Unit
+      },
+      ("println", &[ref anything]) => {
+        println!("{}", anything.to_repl());
+        Expr::Unit
+      },
+      ("getline", &[]) => {
+        let mut buf = String::new();
+        io::stdin().read_line(&mut buf).expect("Error readling line in 'getline'");
+        Lit(StringLit(Rc::new(buf.trim().to_string())))
+      },
+      (x, args) => return Err(format!("bad or unimplemented builtin {:?} | {:?}", x, args)),
+    })
+  }
+
+  fn conditional(&mut self, cond: Expr, then_clause: Vec<Stmt>, else_clause: Vec<Stmt>) -> EvalResult<Expr> {
+    let cond = self.expression(cond)?;
+    Ok(match cond {
+      Expr::Lit(Lit::Bool(true)) =>  self.block(then_clause)?,
+      Expr::Lit(Lit::Bool(false)) => self.block(else_clause)?,
+      _ => return Err(format!("Conditional with non-boolean condition"))
+    })
+  }
+
+  fn value(&mut self, name: Rc<String>) -> EvalResult<Expr> {
+    use self::ValueEntry::*;
+    use self::Func::*;
+    //TODO add a layer of indirection here to talk to the symbol table first, and only then look up
+    //in the values table
+
+    let symbol_table = self.symbol_table_handle.borrow();
+    let value = symbol_table.values.get(&name);
+    Ok(match value {
+      Some(Symbol { name, spec }) => match spec {
+        SymbolSpec::DataConstructor { type_name, type_args } => {
+          if type_args.len() == 0 {
+            Expr::Lit(Lit::Custom(name.clone(), vec![]))
+          } else {
+            return Err(format!("This data constructor thing not done"))
+          }
+        },
+        SymbolSpec::Func(_) => match self.values.lookup(&name) {
+          Some(Binding { val: Expr::Func(UserDefined { name, params, body }), .. }) => {
+            Expr::Func(UserDefined { name: name.clone(), params: params.clone(), body: body.clone() })
+          },
+          _ => unreachable!(),
+        },
+      },
+      /* see if it's an ordinary variable TODO make variables go in symbol table */
+      None => match self.values.lookup(&name) {
+        Some(Binding { val, .. }) => val.clone(),
+        None => return Err(format!("Couldn't find value {}", name)),
+      }
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod eval_tests {
+  use std::cell::RefCell;
+  use std::rc::Rc;
+  use symbol_table::SymbolTable;
+  use tokenizing::tokenize;
+  use parsing::parse;
+  use eval::State;
+
+  macro_rules! fresh_env {
+    ($string:expr, $correct:expr) => {
+      let symbol_table = Rc::new(RefCell::new(SymbolTable::new()));
+      let mut state = State::new(symbol_table);
+      let ast = parse(tokenize($string)).0.unwrap();
+      state.symbol_table_handle.borrow_mut().add_top_level_symbols(&ast);
+      let reduced = ast.reduce(&state.symbol_table_handle.borrow());
+      let all_output = state.evaluate(reduced, true);
+      let ref output = all_output.last().unwrap();
+      assert_eq!(**output, Ok($correct.to_string()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_basic_eval() {
+    fresh_env!("1 + 2", "3");
+    fresh_env!("let mut a = 1; a = 2", "Unit");
+    fresh_env!("let mut a = 1; a = 2; a", "2");
+    fresh_env!(r#"("a", 1 + 2)"#, r#"("a", 3)"#);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn function_eval() {
+    fresh_env!("fn oi(x) { x + 1 }; oi(4)", "5");
+    fresh_env!("fn oi(x) { x + 1 }; oi(1+2)", "4");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn scopes() {
+    let scope_ok = r#"
+    let a = 20
+    fn haha() {
+      let a = 10
+      a
+    }
+    haha()
+    "#;
+    fresh_env!(scope_ok, "10");
+    let scope_ok = r#"
+    let a = 20
+    fn haha() {
+      let a = 10
+      a
+    }
+    a
+    "#;
+    fresh_env!(scope_ok, "20");
+  }
+}
--- a/schala-lang/src/identifier.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/identifier.rs
@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    fmt::{self, Debug},
-    hash::Hash,
-    marker::PhantomData,
-};
-
-pub trait IdKind: Debug + Copy + Clone + Hash + PartialEq + Eq + Default {
-    fn tag() -> &'static str;
-}
-
-/// A generalized abstract identifier type of up to 2^32-1 entries.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
-pub struct Id<T>
-where T: IdKind
-{
-    idx: u32,
-    t: PhantomData<T>,
-}
-
-impl<T> Id<T>
-where T: IdKind
-{
-    fn new(n: u32) -> Self {
-        Self { idx: n, t: PhantomData }
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn as_u32(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.idx
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> fmt::Display for Id<T>
-where T: IdKind
-{
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}:{}", self.idx, T::tag())
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct IdStore<T>
-where T: IdKind
-{
-    last_idx: u32,
-    t: PhantomData<T>,
-}
-
-impl<T> IdStore<T>
-where T: IdKind
-{
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { last_idx: 0, t: PhantomData }
-    }
-
-    pub fn fresh(&mut self) -> Id<T> {
-        let idx = self.last_idx;
-        self.last_idx += 1;
-        Id::new(idx)
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! define_id_kind {
-    ($name:ident) => {
-        #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
-        pub struct $name;
-        impl crate::identifier::IdKind for $name {
-            fn tag() -> &'static str {
-                stringify!($name)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-pub(crate) use define_id_kind;
--- a/schala-lang/src/lib.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/lib.rs
@ -1,31 +1,147 @@
 #![feature(trace_macros)]
-//#![feature(unrestricted_attribute_tokens)]
-#![feature(box_patterns, iter_intersperse)]
-
-//! `schala-lang` is where the Schala programming language is actually implemented.
-//! It defines the `Schala` type, which contains the state for a Schala REPL, and implements
-//! `ProgrammingLanguageInterface` and the chain of compiler passes for it.
-
-extern crate derivative;
+#![feature(slice_patterns, box_patterns, box_syntax)]
+#![feature(proc_macro)]
+extern crate itertools;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate lazy_static;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate maplit;
+#[macro_use]
 extern crate schala_repl;
-
 #[macro_use]
+extern crate schala_codegen;
+
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use schala_repl::{ProgrammingLanguageInterface, EvalOptions, TraceArtifact, UnfinishedComputation, FinishedComputation};
+
+macro_rules! bx {
+  ($e:expr) => { Box::new($e) }
+}
+
 mod util;
-
-#[macro_use]
-mod type_inference;
-
+mod builtin;
+mod tokenizing;
 mod ast;
 mod parsing;
-#[macro_use]
 mod symbol_table;
-mod builtin;
-mod error;
-mod reduced_ir;
-mod tree_walk_eval;
-#[macro_use]
-mod identifier;
+mod typechecking;
+mod reduced_ast;
+mod eval;

-mod schala;
+//trace_macros!(true);
+#[derive(ProgrammingLanguageInterface)]
+#[LanguageName = "Schala"]
+#[SourceFileExtension = "schala"]
+#[PipelineSteps(tokenizing, parsing(compact,expanded,trace), symbol_table, typechecking, ast_reducing, eval)]
+pub struct Schala {
+  state: eval::State<'static>,
+  symbol_table: Rc<RefCell<symbol_table::SymbolTable>>,
+  type_context: typechecking::TypeContext<'static>,
+}
+
+
+impl Schala {
+  fn new_blank_env() -> Schala {
+    let symbols = Rc::new(RefCell::new(symbol_table::SymbolTable::new()));
+    Schala {
+      symbol_table: symbols.clone(),
+      type_context: typechecking::TypeContext::new(symbols.clone()),
+      state: eval::State::new(symbols),
+    }
+  }
+
+  pub fn new() -> Schala {
+    let prelude = r#"
+type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
+    "#;
+    let mut s = Schala::new_blank_env();
+    s.execute_pipeline(prelude, &EvalOptions::default());
+    s
+  }
+}
+
+fn tokenizing(_handle: &mut Schala, input: &str, comp: Option<&mut UnfinishedComputation>) -> Result<Vec<tokenizing::Token>, String> {
+  let tokens = tokenizing::tokenize(input);
+  comp.map(|comp| {
+    let token_string = tokens.iter().map(|t| format!("{:?}<L:{},C:{}>", t.token_type, t.offset.0, t.offset.1)).join(", ");
+    comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("tokens", token_string));
+  });
+
+  let errors: Vec<String> = tokens.iter().filter_map(|t| t.get_error()).collect();
+  if errors.len() == 0 {
+    Ok(tokens)
+  } else {
+    Err(format!("{:?}", errors))
+  }
+}
+
+fn parsing(_handle: &mut Schala, input: Vec<tokenizing::Token>, comp: Option<&mut UnfinishedComputation>) -> Result<ast::AST, String> {
+
+  let (ast, trace) = parsing::parse(input);
+  comp.map(|comp| {
+    //TODO need to control which of these debug stages get added
+    let opt = comp.cur_debug_options.get(0).map(|s| s.clone());
+    match opt {
+      None => comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("ast", format!("{:?}", ast))),
+      Some(ref s) if s == "compact" => comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("ast", format!("{:?}", ast))),
+      Some(ref s) if s == "expanded" => comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("ast", format!("{:#?}", ast))),
+      Some(ref s) if s == "trace" => comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new_parse_trace(trace)),
+      Some(ref x) => println!("Bad parsing debug option: {}", x),
+    };
+  });
+  ast.map_err(|err| err.msg)
+}
+
+fn symbol_table(handle: &mut Schala, input: ast::AST, comp: Option<&mut UnfinishedComputation>) -> Result<ast::AST, String> {
+  let add = handle.symbol_table.borrow_mut().add_top_level_symbols(&input);
+  match add {
+    Ok(()) => {
+      let artifact = TraceArtifact::new("symbol_table", handle.symbol_table.borrow().debug_symbol_table());
+      comp.map(|comp| comp.add_artifact(artifact));
+      Ok(input)
+    },
+    Err(msg) => Err(msg)
+  }
+}
+
+fn typechecking(handle: &mut Schala, input: ast::AST, comp: Option<&mut UnfinishedComputation>) -> Result<ast::AST, String> {
+  match handle.type_context.type_check_ast(&input) {
+    Ok(ty) => {
+      comp.map(|c| {
+        c.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("type_table", format!("{}", handle.type_context.debug_types())));
+        c.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("type_check", format!("{:?}", ty)));
+      });
+      Ok(input)
+    },
+    Err(msg) => {
+      comp.map(|comp| {
+        comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("type_table", format!("{}", handle.type_context.debug_types())));
+        comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("type_check", format!("Type error: {:?}", msg)));
+      });
+      Ok(input)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+fn ast_reducing(handle: &mut Schala, input: ast::AST, comp: Option<&mut UnfinishedComputation>) -> Result<reduced_ast::ReducedAST, String> {
+  let ref symbol_table = handle.symbol_table.borrow();
+  let output = input.reduce(symbol_table);
+  comp.map(|comp| comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("ast_reducing", format!("{:?}", output))));
+  Ok(output)
+}
+
+fn eval(handle: &mut Schala, input: reduced_ast::ReducedAST, comp: Option<&mut UnfinishedComputation>) -> Result<String, String> {
+  comp.map(|comp| comp.add_artifact(TraceArtifact::new("value_state", handle.state.debug_print())));
+  let evaluation_outputs = handle.state.evaluate(input, true);
+  let text_output: Result<Vec<String>, String> = evaluation_outputs
+    .into_iter()
+    .collect();
+
+  let eval_output: Result<String, String> = text_output
+    .map(|v| { v.into_iter().intersperse(format!("\n")).collect() });
+  eval_output
+}

-pub use schala::{Schala, SchalaConfig};
--- a/schala-lang/src/parsing.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/parsing.rs
--- a/schala-lang/src/parsing/combinator.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/parsing/combinator.rs
--- a/schala-lang/src/parsing/mod.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/parsing/mod.rs
@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
-
-pub mod combinator;
-mod peg_parser;
-mod test;
-
-use std::{cell::RefCell, fmt, rc::Rc};
-
-use combinator::Span;
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-use crate::ast::{Block, Expression};
-use crate::{
-    ast::{ASTItem, AST},
-    identifier::{Id, IdStore},
-};
-
-pub(crate) type StoreRef = Rc<RefCell<IdStore<ASTItem>>>;
-pub struct Parser {
-    id_store: StoreRef,
-    use_combinator: bool,
-}
-
-impl Parser {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
-        let id_store: IdStore<ASTItem> = IdStore::new();
-        Self { id_store: Rc::new(RefCell::new(id_store)), use_combinator: true }
-    }
-    pub(crate) fn parse(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<AST, ParseError> {
-        if self.use_combinator {
-            self.parse_comb(input)
-        } else {
-            self.parse_peg(input)
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn parse_peg(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<AST, ParseError> {
-        peg_parser::schala_parser::program(input, self).map_err(ParseError::from_peg)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn parse_comb(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<AST, ParseError> {
-        let span = Span::new_extra(input, self.id_store.clone());
-        convert(input, combinator::program(span))
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    fn expression(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<Expression, ParseError> {
-        peg_parser::schala_parser::expression(input, self).map_err(ParseError::from_peg)
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    fn expression_comb(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<Expression, ParseError> {
-        let span = Span::new_extra(input, self.id_store.clone());
-        convert(input, combinator::expression(span))
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    fn block(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<Block, ParseError> {
-        peg_parser::schala_parser::block(input, self).map_err(ParseError::from_peg)
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    fn block_comb(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<Block, ParseError> {
-        let span = Span::new_extra(input, self.id_store.clone());
-        convert(input, combinator::block(span))
-    }
-
-    fn fresh(&mut self) -> Id<ASTItem> {
-        self.id_store.borrow_mut().fresh()
-    }
-}
-
-fn convert<'a, O>(input: &'a str, result: combinator::ParseResult<'a, O>) -> Result<O, ParseError> {
-    use nom::{error::VerboseError, Finish};
-
-    match result.finish() {
-        Ok((rest, output)) => {
-            if rest.fragment() != &"" {
-                return Err(ParseError {
-                    location: Default::default(),
-                    msg: format!("Bad parse state, remaining text: `{}`", rest.fragment()),
-                });
-            }
-
-            Ok(output)
-        }
-        Err(err) => {
-            let err = VerboseError {
-                errors: err.errors.into_iter().map(|(sp, kind)| (*sp.fragment(), kind)).collect(),
-            };
-            let msg = nom::error::convert_error(input, err);
-            Err(ParseError { msg, location: (0).into() })
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents a parsing error
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ParseError {
-    pub msg: String,
-    pub location: Location,
-}
-
-impl ParseError {
-    fn from_peg(err: peg::error::ParseError<peg::str::LineCol>) -> Self {
-        let msg = err.to_string();
-        Self { msg, location: err.location.offset.into() }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Default)]
-pub struct Location {
-    pub(crate) offset: usize,
-}
-
-impl From<usize> for Location {
-    fn from(offset: usize) -> Self {
-        Self { offset }
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for Location {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", self.offset)
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/parsing/peg_parser.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/parsing/peg_parser.rs
@ -1,567 +0,0 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-use super::Parser;
-use crate::ast::*;
-
-fn rc_string(s: &str) -> Rc<String> {
-    Rc::new(s.to_string())
-}
-
-enum ExtendedPart<'a> {
-    Index(Vec<Expression>),
-    Accessor(&'a str),
-    Call(Vec<InvocationArgument>),
-}
-
-peg::parser! {
-    pub grammar schala_parser() for str {
-
-        rule whitespace() = [' ' | '\t' ]
-        rule whitespace_or_newline() = [' ' | '\t' | '\n' ]
-
-        rule _ = quiet!{ (block_comment() / line_comment() / whitespace())* }
-
-        rule __ = quiet!{ (block_comment() / line_comment() / whitespace_or_newline())* }
-
-        rule block_comment() = "/*" (block_comment() / !"*/" [_])* "*/"
-        rule line_comment() = "//" (!['\n'] [_])* &"\n"
-
-
-        pub rule program(parser: &mut Parser) -> AST =
-            __ statements:(statement(parser) ** (delimiter()+) ) __ { AST { id: parser.fresh(), statements: statements.into() } }
-
-        rule delimiter() = (";" / "\n")+
-
-        //Note - this is a hack, ideally the rule `rule block() -> Block = "{" _ items:(statement() **
-        //delimiter()) _ "}" { items.into() }` would've worked, but it doesn't.
-        pub rule block(parser: &mut Parser) -> Block =
-            "{" __ items:(statement(parser) ** delimiter()) delimiter()? __ "}" { items.into() } /
-            "{" __ stmt:statement(parser) __ "}" { vec![stmt].into() }
-
-        rule block_item(parser: &mut Parser) -> Statement<StatementKind> =
-            _ stmt:statement(parser) _ delimiter()+ { stmt }
-
-        rule statement(parser: &mut Parser) -> Statement<StatementKind> =
-             _ pos:position!() kind:statement_kind(parser) _ { Statement { id: parser.fresh(), location: pos.into(), kind } }
-
-        rule statement_kind(parser: &mut Parser) -> StatementKind =
-            __ import:import(parser) { StatementKind::Import(import) } /
-            __ decl:declaration(parser) { StatementKind::Declaration(decl) } /
-            __ flow:flow(parser) { StatementKind::Flow(flow) } /
-            __ expr:expression(parser) { StatementKind::Expression(expr) }
-
-        rule flow(parser: &mut Parser) -> FlowControl =
-            "continue" { FlowControl::Continue } /
-            "break" { FlowControl::Break } /
-            "return" _ expr:expression(parser)? { FlowControl::Return(expr) }
-
-            //TODO add the ability to rename and exclude imports
-        rule import(parser: &mut Parser) -> ImportSpecifier =
-            "import" _ path_components:path_components() suffix:import_suffix()? {
-                ImportSpecifier {
-                    id: parser.fresh(),
-                    path_components,
-                    imported_names: suffix.unwrap_or(ImportedNames::LastOfPath)
-                }
-            }
-
-        rule path_components() -> Vec<Rc<String>> =
-            "::"? name:identifier() rest:path_component()* {
-                let mut items = vec![rc_string(name)];
-                items.extend(rest.into_iter().map(rc_string));
-                items
-            }
-
-        rule path_component() -> &'input str = "::" ident:identifier() { ident }
-
-        rule import_suffix() -> ImportedNames =
-            "::*" { ImportedNames::All } /
-            "::{" __ names:(identifier() ** (_ "," _)) __ "}" {?
-                if names.is_empty() {
-                    Err("import groups must have at least one item")
-                } else {
-                    Ok(ImportedNames::List(names.into_iter().map(rc_string).collect()))
-                }
-            }
-
-        rule declaration(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            binding(parser) / type_decl(parser) / annotation(parser) / func(parser) / interface(parser) /
-            implementation(parser) / module(parser)
-
-        rule module(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            "module" _ name:identifier() _ items:block(parser) { Declaration::Module { name: rc_string(name), items } }
-
-        rule implementation(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            "impl" _ interface:type_singleton_name() _ "for" _ type_name:type_identifier() _ block:decl_block(parser) {
-                Declaration::Impl { type_name, interface_name: Some(interface), block }
-
-            } /
-            "impl" _ type_name:type_identifier() _ block:decl_block(parser) {
-                Declaration::Impl { type_name, interface_name: None, block }
-            }
-
-        rule decl_block(parser: &mut Parser) -> Vec<Statement<Declaration>> =
-            "{" __ decls:(func_declaration_stmt(parser) ** (delimiter()+)) delimiter()? __ "}" { decls }
-
-        rule func_declaration_stmt(parser: &mut Parser) -> Statement<Declaration> =
-            pos:position!() decl:func_declaration(parser) { Statement { id: parser.fresh(), location: pos.into(), kind: decl } }
-
-        rule interface(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            "interface" _ name:identifier() _ signatures:signature_block(parser) { Declaration::Interface { name: rc_string(name), signatures } }
-
-        rule signature_block(parser: &mut Parser) -> Vec<Signature> =
-            "{" __  signatures:(func_signature(parser) ** (delimiter()+)) __ "}" { signatures }
-
-        rule func(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            decl:func_declaration(parser) { decl } /
-            sig:func_signature(parser) { Declaration::FuncSig(sig) }
-
-        rule func_declaration(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            _ sig:func_signature(parser) __ body:block(parser) { Declaration::FuncDecl(sig, body) }
-
-        rule func_signature(parser: &mut Parser) -> Signature =
-            _ "fn" _ name:identifier() "(" _ params:formal_params(parser) _ ")" _ type_anno:type_anno()? { Signature {
-                name: rc_string(name), operator: false, params, type_anno
-            } } /
-            _ "fn" _ "(" op:operator() ")" _ "(" _ params:formal_params(parser) _ ")" _ type_anno:type_anno()? { Signature {
-                name: rc_string(op), operator: true, params, type_anno
-            } }
-
-        rule formal_params(parser: &mut Parser) -> Vec<FormalParam> =
-            params:(formal_param(parser) ** (_ "," _)) {? if params.len() < 256 { Ok(params) } else {
-            Err("function-too-long") }
-            }
-
-        rule formal_param(parser: &mut Parser) -> FormalParam =
-            name:identifier() _ anno:type_anno()? _ "=" expr:expression(parser) { FormalParam { name: rc_string(name),
-               default: Some(expr), anno } } /
-            name:identifier() _ anno:type_anno()? { FormalParam { name: rc_string(name), default: None, anno } }
-
-
-        rule annotation(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            "@" name:identifier() args:annotation_args(parser)? delimiter()+ _ inner:statement(parser) { Declaration::Annotation {
-                name: rc_string(name), arguments: if let Some(args) = args { args } else { vec![] }, inner: Box::new(inner) }
-            }
-
-        rule annotation_args(parser: &mut Parser) -> Vec<Expression> =
-            "(" _ args:(expression(parser) ** (_ "," _)) _ ")" { args }
-
-
-        rule binding(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            "let" _ mutable:"mut"? _ ident:identifier() _ type_anno:type_anno()? _ "=" _ expr:expression(parser) {
-                Declaration::Binding { name: Rc::new(ident.to_string()), constant: mutable.is_none(),
-                type_anno, expr }
-            }
-
-
-        rule type_decl(parser: &mut Parser) -> Declaration =
-            "type" _ "alias" _ alias:type_alias() { alias } /
-            "type" _ mutable:"mut"? _ name:type_singleton_name() _ "=" _ body:type_body(parser) {
-                Declaration::TypeDecl { name, body, mutable: mutable.is_some() }
-            }
-
-        rule type_singleton_name() -> TypeSingletonName =
-            name:identifier() params:type_params()? { TypeSingletonName {
-                name: rc_string(name), params: if let Some(params) = params { params } else { vec![] }
-            } }
-
-        rule type_params() -> Vec<TypeIdentifier> =
-            "<" _ idents:(type_identifier() ** (_ "," _)) _ ">" { idents }
-
-        rule type_identifier() -> TypeIdentifier =
-            "(" _ items:(type_identifier() ** (_ "," _)) _ ")" { TypeIdentifier::Tuple(items) } /
-            singleton:type_singleton_name() { TypeIdentifier::Singleton(singleton) }
-
-        rule type_body(parser: &mut Parser) -> TypeBody =
-            "{" _ items:(record_variant_item() ** (__ "," __)) __ "}" { TypeBody::ImmediateRecord { id: parser.fresh(), fields: items } } /
-            variants:(variant_spec(parser) ** (__ "|" __)) { TypeBody::Variants(variants) }
-
-        rule variant_spec(parser: &mut Parser) -> Variant =
-            name:identifier() __ "{" __ typed_identifier_list:(record_variant_item() ** (__ "," __)) __ ","? __ "}" { Variant {
-                id: parser.fresh(), name: rc_string(name), kind: VariantKind::Record(typed_identifier_list)
-            } } /
-            name:identifier() "(" tuple_members:(type_identifier() ++ (__ "," __)) ")" { Variant {
-                id: parser.fresh(), name: rc_string(name), kind: VariantKind::TupleStruct(tuple_members) } } /
-            name:identifier() { Variant { id: parser.fresh(), name: rc_string(name), kind: VariantKind::UnitStruct } }
-
-        rule record_variant_item() -> (Rc<String>, TypeIdentifier) =
-            name:identifier() _ ":" _ ty:type_identifier() { (rc_string(name), ty) }
-
-        rule type_alias() -> Declaration =
-            alias:identifier() _ "=" _ name:identifier() { Declaration::TypeAlias { alias: rc_string(alias), original: rc_string(name), } }
-
-        rule type_anno() -> TypeIdentifier =
-            ":" _ identifier:type_identifier() { identifier }
-
-        pub rule expression(parser: &mut Parser) -> Expression =
-            __ kind:expression_kind(true, parser) _ type_anno:type_anno()? { Expression { id: parser.fresh(), type_anno, kind } }
-
-        rule expression_no_struct(parser: &mut Parser) -> Expression =
-            __ kind:expression_kind(false, parser) { Expression { id: parser.fresh(), type_anno: None, kind } }
-
-        rule expression_kind(struct_ok: bool, parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            precedence_expr(struct_ok, parser)
-
-        rule precedence_expr(struct_ok: bool, parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-        first:prefix_expr(struct_ok, parser) _ next:(precedence_continuation(struct_ok, parser))* {
-            let next = next.into_iter().map(|(sigil, expr)| (BinOp::from_sigil(sigil), expr)).collect();
-            BinopSequence { first, next }.do_precedence(parser)
-        }
-
-        rule precedence_continuation(struct_ok: bool, parser: &mut Parser) -> (&'input str, ExpressionKind) =
-            op:operator() _ expr:prefix_expr(struct_ok, parser) _ { (op, expr) }
-
-        rule prefix_expr(struct_ok: bool, parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            prefix:prefix()? expr:extended_expr(struct_ok, parser) {
-                if let Some(p) = prefix {
-                    let expr = Expression::new(parser.fresh(), expr);
-                    let prefix = PrefixOp::from_sigil(p);
-                    ExpressionKind::PrefixExp(prefix, Box::new(expr))
-                } else {
-                    expr
-                }
-            }
-
-
-        rule prefix() -> &'input str =
-            $(['+' | '-' | '!' ])
-
-        //TODO make the definition of operators more complex
-        rule operator() -> &'input str =
-            quiet!{!"*/" s:$( ['+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '<' | '>' | '=' | '!' | '$' | '&' | '|' | '?' | '^' | '`']+ ) { s } } /
-            expected!("operator")
-
-        rule extended_expr(struct_ok: bool, parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            primary:primary(struct_ok, parser) parts:(extended_expr_part(parser)*) {
-                let mut expression = Expression::new(parser.fresh(), primary);
-                for part in parts.into_iter() {
-                    let kind = match part {
-                        ExtendedPart::Index(indexers) => {
-                            ExpressionKind::Index { indexee: Box::new(expression), indexers }
-                        },
-                        ExtendedPart::Accessor(name) => {
-                            let name = rc_string(name);
-                            ExpressionKind::Access { name, expr: Box::new(expression) }
-                        },
-                        ExtendedPart::Call(arguments) => {
-                            ExpressionKind::Call { f: Box::new(expression), arguments }
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    expression = Expression::new(parser.fresh(), kind);
-                }
-
-                expression.kind
-            }
-
-        rule extended_expr_part(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExtendedPart<'input> =
-            indexers:index_part(parser) { ExtendedPart::Index(indexers) } /
-            arguments:call_part(parser) { ExtendedPart::Call(arguments) } /
-            "." name:identifier() { ExtendedPart::Accessor(name) }
-
-        rule index_part(parser: &mut Parser) -> Vec<Expression> =
-            "[" indexers:(expression(parser) ++ ",") "]" { indexers }
-
-        rule call_part(parser: &mut Parser) -> Vec<InvocationArgument> =
-            "(" arguments:(invocation_argument(parser) ** ",") ")" { arguments }
-
-        rule invocation_argument(parser: &mut Parser) -> InvocationArgument =
-            _ "_" _ { InvocationArgument::Ignored } /
-            _ ident:identifier() _ "=" _ expr:expression(parser) { InvocationArgument::Keyword {
-                name: Rc::new(ident.to_string()),
-                expr
-                } } /
-            _ expr:expression(parser) _ { InvocationArgument::Positional(expr) }
-
-
-        rule primary(struct_ok: bool, parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            while_expr(parser) / for_expr(parser) / float_literal() / nat_literal() / bool_literal() /
-            string_literal() / paren_expr(parser) /
-            list_expr(parser) / if_expr(parser) / lambda_expr(parser) /
-            item:named_struct(parser) {? if struct_ok { Ok(item) } else { Err("no-struct-allowed") } } /
-            identifier_expr(parser)
-
-        rule lambda_expr(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            r#"\"# __ "(" _ params:formal_params(parser) _ ")" _ type_anno:(type_anno()?) _ body:block(parser)  {
-                ExpressionKind::Lambda { params, type_anno, body }
-            } /
-            r#"\"# param:formal_param(parser) _ type_anno:(type_anno()?) _ body:block(parser) {
-                ExpressionKind::Lambda { params: vec![param], type_anno, body }
-            }
-
-        rule for_expr(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            "for" _ enumerators:for_enumerators(parser) _ body:for_body(parser) {
-                ExpressionKind::ForExpression { enumerators, body }
-            }
-
-        rule for_enumerators(parser: &mut Parser) -> Vec<Enumerator> =
-            "{" _ enumerators:(enumerator(parser) ++ ",") _ "}" { enumerators } /
-            enumerator:enumerator(parser) { vec![enumerator] }
-
-        //TODO add guards, etc.
-        rule enumerator(parser: &mut Parser) -> Enumerator =
-            ident:identifier() _ "<-" _ generator:expression_no_struct(parser) {
-                Enumerator { identifier: Rc::new(ident.to_string()), generator, assignment: false }
-            } /
-            //TODO need to distinguish these two cases in AST
-            ident:identifier() _ "=" _ generator:expression_no_struct(parser) {
-                Enumerator { identifier: Rc::new(ident.to_string()), generator, assignment: true }
-            }
-
-        rule for_body(parser: &mut Parser) -> Box<ForBody> =
-            "return" _ expr:expression(parser) { Box::new(ForBody::MonadicReturn(expr)) } /
-            body:block(parser) { Box::new(ForBody::StatementBlock(body)) }
-
-        rule while_expr(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            "while" _ cond:expression_kind(false, parser)? _ body:block(parser) {
-                ExpressionKind::WhileExpression {
-                    condition: cond.map(|kind| Box::new(Expression::new(parser.fresh(), kind))),
-                    body,
-                }
-            }
-
-
-        rule identifier_expr(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            qn:qualified_identifier(parser) { ExpressionKind::Value(qn) }
-
-        rule named_struct(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            name:qualified_identifier(parser) _ fields:record_block(parser) {
-                ExpressionKind::NamedStruct {
-                    name,
-                    fields: fields.into_iter().map(|(n, exp)| (Rc::new(n.to_string()), exp)).collect(),
-                }
-            }
-
-
-        //TODO support anonymous structs and Elm-style update syntax for structs
-        rule record_block(parser: &mut Parser) -> Vec<(&'input str, Expression)> =
-            "{" _ entries:(record_entry(parser) ** ",") _ "}" { entries }
-
-        rule record_entry(parser: &mut Parser) -> (&'input str, Expression) =
-            _ name:identifier() _ ":" _ expr:expression(parser) _ { (name, expr) }
-
-        rule qualified_identifier(parser: &mut Parser) -> QualifiedName =
-            names:(identifier() ++ "::") { QualifiedName { id: parser.fresh(), components: names.into_iter().map(|name| Rc::new(name.to_string())).collect() } }
-
-        //TODO improve the definition of identifiers
-        rule identifier() -> &'input str =
-            !(reserved() !(ident_continuation())) text:$(['a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '_'] ident_continuation()*) { text }
-
-        rule ident_continuation() -> &'input str =
-            text:$(['a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '0'..='9' | '_'])
-
-        rule reserved() = "if" / "then" / "else" / "is" / "fn" / "for" / "while" / "let" / "in" / "mut" / "return" /
-            "break" / "alias" / "type" / "self" / "Self" / "interface" / "impl" / "true" / "false" / "module" / "import"
-
-
-        rule if_expr(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            "if" _ discriminator:(expression(parser)?) _ body:if_expr_body(parser) {
-                ExpressionKind::IfExpression {
-                    discriminator: discriminator.map(Box::new),
-                    body: Box::new(body),
-                }
-            }
-
-        rule if_expr_body(parser: &mut Parser) -> IfExpressionBody =
-            cond_block(parser) / simple_pattern_match(parser) / simple_conditional(parser)
-
-        rule simple_conditional(parser: &mut Parser) -> IfExpressionBody =
-            "then" _ then_case:expr_or_block(parser) _ else_case:else_case(parser) {
-                IfExpressionBody::SimpleConditional { then_case, else_case }
-            }
-
-        rule simple_pattern_match(parser: &mut Parser) -> IfExpressionBody =
-            "is" _ pattern:pattern(parser) _ "then" _ then_case:expr_or_block(parser) _ else_case:else_case(parser) {
-                IfExpressionBody::SimplePatternMatch { pattern, then_case, else_case }
-            }
-
-        rule cond_block(parser: &mut Parser) -> IfExpressionBody =
-            "{" __ cond_arms:(cond_arm(parser) ++ (delimiter()+)) __ "}" { IfExpressionBody::CondList(cond_arms) }
-
-        rule cond_arm(parser: &mut Parser) -> ConditionArm =
-            _ "else" _ body:expr_or_block(parser) { ConditionArm { condition: Condition::Else, guard: None, body } } /
-            _ condition:condition(parser) _ guard:condition_guard(parser) _ "then" _ body:expr_or_block(parser)
-                { ConditionArm { condition, guard, body } }
-
-        rule condition(parser: &mut Parser) -> Condition =
-            "is" _ pat:pattern(parser) { Condition::Pattern(pat) } /
-            op:operator() _ expr:expression(parser) { Condition::TruncatedOp(BinOp::from_sigil(op), expr) }
-
-        rule condition_guard(parser: &mut Parser) -> Option<Expression> =
-            ("if" _ expr:expression(parser) { expr } )?
-
-        rule expr_or_block(parser: &mut Parser) -> Block = block(parser) / pos:position!() ex:expression(parser) {
-            Statement {
-                id: parser.fresh() , location: pos.into(),
-                kind: StatementKind::Expression(ex)
-            }.into()
-        }
-
-        rule else_case(parser: &mut Parser) -> Option<Block> =
-            ("else" _ eorb:expr_or_block(parser) { eorb })?
-
-        rule pattern(parser: &mut Parser) -> Pattern =
-            "(" _ variants:(pattern(parser) ++ ",") _ ")" { Pattern::TuplePattern(variants) } /
-            _ pat:simple_pattern(parser) { pat }
-
-        rule simple_pattern(parser: &mut Parser) -> Pattern =
-            pattern_literal() /
-            qn:qualified_identifier(parser) "(" members:(pattern(parser) ** ",") ")" {
-                Pattern::TupleStruct(qn, members)
-            } /
-            qn:qualified_identifier(parser) _ "{" _ items:(record_pattern_entry(parser) ** ",") "}" _ {
-                let items = items.into_iter().map(|(name, pat)| (Rc::new(name.to_string()), pat)).collect();
-                Pattern::Record(qn, items)
-            } /
-            qn:qualified_identifier(parser) { Pattern::VarOrName(qn) }
-
-        rule record_pattern_entry(parser: &mut Parser) -> (&'input str, Pattern) =
-            _ name:identifier() _ ":" _ pat:pattern(parser) _ { (name, pat) } /
-            _ name:identifier() _ {
-                let qn = QualifiedName {
-                    id: parser.fresh(),
-                    components: vec![Rc::new(name.to_string())],
-                };
-                (name, Pattern::VarOrName(qn))
-            }
-
-
-        rule pattern_literal() -> Pattern =
-            "true" { Pattern::Literal(PatternLiteral::BoolPattern(true)) } /
-            "false" { Pattern::Literal(PatternLiteral::BoolPattern(false)) } /
-            s:bare_string_literal() { Pattern::Literal(PatternLiteral::StringPattern(Rc::new(s))) } /
-            sign:("-"?)  num:(float_literal() / nat_literal()) {
-                let neg = sign.is_some();
-                Pattern::Literal(PatternLiteral::NumPattern { neg, num })
-            } /
-            "_" { Pattern::Ignored }
-
-
-        rule list_expr(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            "[" exprs:(expression(parser) ** ",") "]" {
-                let mut exprs = exprs;
-                ExpressionKind::ListLiteral(exprs)
-            }
-
-        rule paren_expr(parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind =
-            "(" exprs:(expression(parser) ** ",") ")" {
-                let mut exprs = exprs;
-                match exprs.len() {
-                    1 => exprs.pop().unwrap().kind,
-                    _ => ExpressionKind::TupleLiteral(exprs),
-                }
-            }
-
-        rule string_literal() -> ExpressionKind =
-            prefix:identifier()? s:bare_string_literal(){ ExpressionKind::StringLiteral{ s: Rc::new(s),
-                prefix: prefix.map(rc_string)
-            } }
-
-        rule bare_string_literal() -> String =
-            "\"" chars:string_component()* "\"" { chars.into_iter().collect::<String>() }
-
-        rule string_component() -> char =
-            !(r#"""# / r#"\"#) ch:$([_]) { ch.chars().next().unwrap() } /
-            r#"\u{"# value:$(['0'..='9' | 'a'..='f' | 'A'..='F']+) "}" { char::from_u32(u32::from_str_radix(value, 16).unwrap()).unwrap() } /
-            r#"\n"# { '\n' } / r#"\t"# { '\t' } / r#"\""# { '"' } / r#"\\"# { '\\' } /
-      expected!("Valid escape sequence")
-
-        rule bool_literal() -> ExpressionKind =
-            "true" { ExpressionKind::BoolLiteral(true) } / "false" { ExpressionKind::BoolLiteral(false) }
-
-        rule nat_literal() -> ExpressionKind =
-            bin_literal() / hex_literal() / unmarked_literal()
-
-        rule unmarked_literal() -> ExpressionKind =
-            digits:digits() { let n = digits.chars().filter(|ch| *ch != '_').collect::<String>().parse().unwrap(); ExpressionKind::NatLiteral(n) }
-
-        rule bin_literal() -> ExpressionKind =
-            "0b" digits:bin_digits() {? parse_binary(digits).map(ExpressionKind::NatLiteral) }
-
-        rule hex_literal() -> ExpressionKind =
-            "0x" digits:hex_digits() {? parse_hex(digits).map(ExpressionKind::NatLiteral) }
-
-        rule float_literal() -> ExpressionKind =
-            ds:$( digits() "." digits()? / "." digits() ) { ExpressionKind::FloatLiteral(ds.parse().unwrap()) }
-
-        rule digits() -> &'input str = $((digit_group() "_"*)+)
-        rule bin_digits() -> &'input str = $((bin_digit_group() "_"*)+)
-        rule hex_digits() -> &'input str = $((hex_digit_group() "_"*)+)
-
-        rule digit_group() -> &'input str = $(['0'..='9']+)
-        rule bin_digit_group() -> &'input str = $(['0' | '1']+)
-        rule hex_digit_group() -> &'input str = $(['0'..='9' | 'a'..='f' | 'A'..='F']+)
-
-    }
-}
-
-fn parse_binary(digits: &str) -> Result<u64, &'static str> {
-    let mut result: u64 = 0;
-    let mut multiplier = 1;
-    for d in digits.chars().rev() {
-        match d {
-            '1' => result += multiplier,
-            '0' => (),
-            '_' => continue,
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-        multiplier = match multiplier.checked_mul(2) {
-            Some(m) => m,
-            None => return Err("Binary expression will overflow"),
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(result)
-}
-
-fn parse_hex(digits: &str) -> Result<u64, &'static str> {
-    let mut result: u64 = 0;
-    let mut multiplier: u64 = 1;
-    for d in digits.chars().rev() {
-        if d == '_' {
-            continue;
-        }
-        match d.to_digit(16) {
-            Some(n) => result += n as u64 * multiplier,
-            None => return Err("Internal parser error: invalid hex digit"),
-        }
-        multiplier = match multiplier.checked_mul(16) {
-            Some(m) => m,
-            None => return Err("Hexadecimal expression will overflow"),
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(result)
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct BinopSequence {
-    first: ExpressionKind,
-    next: Vec<(BinOp, ExpressionKind)>,
-}
-
-impl BinopSequence {
-    fn do_precedence(self, parser: &mut Parser) -> ExpressionKind {
-        fn helper(
-            precedence: i32,
-            lhs: ExpressionKind,
-            rest: &mut Vec<(BinOp, ExpressionKind)>,
-            parser: &mut Parser,
-        ) -> Expression {
-            let mut lhs = Expression::new(parser.fresh(), lhs);
-            while let Some((next_op, next_rhs)) = rest.pop() {
-                let new_precedence = next_op.get_precedence();
-                if precedence >= new_precedence {
-                    rest.push((next_op, next_rhs));
-                    break;
-                }
-                let rhs = helper(new_precedence, next_rhs, rest, parser);
-                lhs = Expression::new(
-                    parser.fresh(),
-                    ExpressionKind::BinExp(next_op, Box::new(lhs), Box::new(rhs)),
-                );
-            }
-            lhs
-        }
-        let mut as_stack = self.next.into_iter().rev().collect();
-        helper(BinOp::min_precedence(), self.first, &mut as_stack, parser).kind
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/parsing/test.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/parsing/test.rs
--- a/schala-lang/src/reduced_ast.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/reduced_ast.rs
@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use ast::{AST, Statement, Expression, Declaration, Discriminator, IfExpressionBody, Pattern};
+use symbol_table::{Symbol, SymbolSpec, SymbolTable};
+use builtin::{BinOp, PrefixOp};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ReducedAST(pub Vec<Stmt>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Stmt {
+  PreBinding {
+    name: Rc<String>,
+    func: Func,
+  },
+  Binding {
+    name: Rc<String>,
+    constant: bool,
+    expr: Expr,
+  },
+  Expr(Expr),
+  Noop,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Expr {
+  Lit(Lit),
+  Func(Func),
+  Tuple(Vec<Expr>),
+  Constructor {
+    variant: usize,
+    expr: Box<Expr>,
+  },
+  Val(Rc<String>),
+  Call {
+    f: Box<Expr>,
+    args: Vec<Expr>,
+  },
+  Assign {
+    val: Box<Expr>,
+    expr: Box<Expr>,
+  },
+  Conditional {
+    cond: Box<Expr>,
+    then_clause: Vec<Stmt>,
+    else_clause: Vec<Stmt>,
+  },
+  Match {
+    cond: Box<Expr>,
+    arms: Vec<(Pattern, Vec<Stmt>)>
+  },
+  UnimplementedSigilValue
+}
+
+pub enum Pat {
+  Ignored
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Lit {
+  Nat(u64),
+  Int(i64),
+  Float(f64),
+  Bool(bool),
+  StringLit(Rc<String>),
+  Custom(Rc<String>, Vec<Expr>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Func {
+  BuiltIn(Rc<String>),
+  UserDefined {
+    name: Option<Rc<String>>,
+    params: Vec<Rc<String>>,
+    body: Vec<Stmt>,
+  }
+}
+
+impl AST {
+  pub fn reduce(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) -> ReducedAST {
+    let mut output = vec![];
+    for statement in self.0.iter() {
+      output.push(statement.reduce(symbol_table));
+    }
+    ReducedAST(output)
+  }
+}
+
+impl Statement {
+  fn reduce(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) -> Stmt {
+    use ast::Statement::*;
+    match self {
+      ExpressionStatement(expr) => Stmt::Expr(expr.reduce(symbol_table)),
+      Declaration(decl) => decl.reduce(symbol_table),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl Expression {
+  fn reduce(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) -> Expr {
+    use ast::ExpressionType::*;
+    let ref input = self.0;
+    match input {
+      NatLiteral(n) => Expr::Lit(Lit::Nat(*n)),
+      FloatLiteral(f) => Expr::Lit(Lit::Float(*f)),
+      StringLiteral(s) => Expr::Lit(Lit::StringLit(s.clone())),
+      BoolLiteral(b) => Expr::Lit(Lit::Bool(*b)),
+      BinExp(binop, lhs, rhs) => binop.reduce(symbol_table, lhs, rhs),
+      PrefixExp(op, arg) => op.reduce(symbol_table, arg),
+      //remember Some(5) is  a CallExpr
+      // => ast: Ok(AST([ExpressionStatement(Expression(Call { f: Expression(Value("Some"), None), arguments: [Expression(NatLiteral(5), None)] }, None))]))
+      Value(name) => {
+        match symbol_table.values.get(name) {
+          Some(Symbol { spec: SymbolSpec::DataConstructor { type_args, .. }, .. }) => {
+            Expr::Constructor { type_name: name.clone() }
+          },
+          _ => Expr::Val(name.clone()),
+        }
+      },
+      Call { f, arguments } => Expr::Call {
+        f: Box::new(f.reduce(symbol_table)),
+        args: arguments.iter().map(|arg| arg.reduce(symbol_table)).collect(),
+      },
+      TupleLiteral(exprs) => Expr::Tuple(exprs.iter().map(|e| e.reduce(symbol_table)).collect()),
+      IfExpression { discriminator, body } => reduce_if_expression(discriminator, body, symbol_table),
+      _ => Expr::UnimplementedSigilValue,
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+fn reduce_if_expression(discriminator: &Discriminator, body: &IfExpressionBody, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) -> Expr {
+  let cond = Box::new(match *discriminator {
+    Discriminator::Simple(ref expr) => expr.reduce(symbol_table),
+    _ => panic!(),
+  });
+  match *body {
+    IfExpressionBody::SimpleConditional(ref then_clause, ref else_clause) => {
+      let then_clause = then_clause.iter().map(|expr| expr.reduce(symbol_table)).collect();
+      let else_clause = match else_clause {
+        None => vec![],
+        Some(stmts) => stmts.iter().map(|expr| expr.reduce(symbol_table)).collect(),
+      };
+      Expr::Conditional { cond, then_clause, else_clause }
+    },
+    IfExpressionBody::SimplePatternMatch(ref pat, ref then_clause, ref else_clause) => {
+      let then_clause = then_clause.iter().map(|expr| expr.reduce(symbol_table)).collect();
+      let else_clause = match else_clause {
+        None => vec![],
+        Some(stmts) => stmts.iter().map(|expr| expr.reduce(symbol_table)).collect(),
+      };
+      Expr::Match {
+        cond,
+        arms: vec![
+          (pat.clone(), then_clause),
+          (Pattern::Ignored, else_clause)
+        ],
+      }
+    },
+    IfExpressionBody::GuardList(ref _guard_arms) => panic!(),
+  }
+}
+
+impl Pattern {
+  fn reduce(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) -> Pat {
+    match self {
+      Pattern::Ignored => Pat::Ignored,
+      Pattern::TuplePattern(_) => panic!(),
+      Pattern::Literal(_) => panic!(),
+      Pattern::TupleStruct(_, _) => panic!(),
+      Pattern::Record(_, _) => panic!(),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl Declaration {
+  fn reduce(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) -> Stmt {
+    use self::Declaration::*;
+    use ::ast::Signature;
+    match self {
+      Binding {name, constant, expr } => Stmt::Binding { name: name.clone(), constant: *constant, expr: expr.reduce(symbol_table) },
+      FuncDecl(Signature { name, params, .. }, statements) => Stmt::PreBinding {
+        name: name.clone(),
+        func: Func::UserDefined {
+          name: Some(name.clone()),
+          params: params.iter().map(|param| param.0.clone()).collect(),
+          body: statements.iter().map(|stmt| stmt.reduce(symbol_table)).collect(),
+        }
+      },
+      TypeDecl { .. } => Stmt::Noop,
+      TypeAlias(_, _) => Stmt::Noop,
+      Interface { .. } => Stmt::Noop,
+      Impl { .. } => Stmt::Expr(Expr::UnimplementedSigilValue),
+      _ => Stmt::Expr(Expr::UnimplementedSigilValue)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl BinOp {
+  fn reduce(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable, lhs: &Box<Expression>, rhs: &Box<Expression>) -> Expr {
+    if **self.sigil() == "=" {
+      Expr::Assign {
+        val: Box::new(lhs.reduce(symbol_table)),
+        expr: Box::new(rhs.reduce(symbol_table)),
+      }
+    } else {
+      let f = Box::new(Expr::Func(Func::BuiltIn(self.sigil().clone())));
+      Expr::Call { f, args: vec![lhs.reduce(symbol_table), rhs.reduce(symbol_table)]}
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl PrefixOp {
+  fn reduce(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable, arg: &Box<Expression>) -> Expr {
+    let f = Box::new(Expr::Func(Func::BuiltIn(self.sigil().clone())));
+    Expr::Call { f, args: vec![arg.reduce(symbol_table)]}
+  }
+}
--- a/schala-lang/src/reduced_ir/mod.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/reduced_ir/mod.rs
@ -1,484 +0,0 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, rc::Rc, str::FromStr};
-
-use crate::{
-    ast,
-    builtin::Builtin,
-    symbol_table::{DefId, SymbolSpec, SymbolTable},
-    type_inference::{TypeContext, TypeId},
-};
-
-mod test;
-mod types;
-
-pub use types::*;
-
-pub fn reduce(ast: &ast::AST, symbol_table: &SymbolTable, type_context: &TypeContext) -> ReducedIR {
-    let reducer = Reducer::new(symbol_table, type_context);
-    reducer.reduce(ast)
-}
-
-struct Reducer<'a, 'b> {
-    symbol_table: &'a SymbolTable,
-    functions: HashMap<DefId, FunctionDefinition>,
-    type_context: &'b TypeContext,
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'b> Reducer<'a, 'b> {
-    fn new(symbol_table: &'a SymbolTable, type_context: &'b TypeContext) -> Self {
-        Self { symbol_table, functions: HashMap::new(), type_context }
-    }
-
-    fn reduce(mut self, ast: &ast::AST) -> ReducedIR {
-        // First reduce all functions
-        // TODO once this works, maybe rewrite it using the Visitor
-        for statement in ast.statements.statements.iter() {
-            self.top_level_definition(statement);
-        }
-
-        // Then compute the entrypoint statements (which may reference previously-computed
-        // functions by ID)
-        let mut entrypoint = vec![];
-        for statement in ast.statements.statements.iter() {
-            let ast::Statement { id: item_id, kind, .. } = statement;
-            match &kind {
-                ast::StatementKind::Expression(expr) => {
-                    entrypoint.push(Statement::Expression(self.expression(expr)));
-                }
-                ast::StatementKind::Declaration(ast::Declaration::Binding {
-                    name: _,
-                    constant,
-                    expr,
-                    ..
-                }) => {
-                    let symbol = self.symbol_table.lookup_symbol(item_id).unwrap();
-                    entrypoint.push(Statement::Binding {
-                        id: symbol.def_id(),
-                        constant: *constant,
-                        expr: self.expression(expr),
-                    });
-                }
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-
-        ReducedIR { functions: self.functions, entrypoint }
-    }
-
-    fn top_level_definition(&mut self, statement: &ast::Statement<ast::StatementKind>) {
-        let ast::Statement { id: item_id, kind, .. } = statement;
-        match kind {
-            ast::StatementKind::Expression(_expr) => {
-                //TODO expressions can in principle contain definitions, but I won't worry
-                //about it now
-            }
-            ast::StatementKind::Declaration(decl) => match decl {
-                ast::Declaration::FuncDecl(_, statements) => {
-                    self.insert_function_definition(item_id, statements);
-                }
-                ast::Declaration::Impl { type_name: _, interface_name: _, block } =>
-                    for item in block {
-                        if let ast::Statement {
-                            id: item_id,
-                            kind: ast::Declaration::FuncDecl(_, statements),
-                            ..
-                        } = item
-                        {
-                            self.insert_function_definition(item_id, statements);
-                        }
-                    },
-                _ => (),
-            },
-            // Imports should have already been processed by the symbol table and are irrelevant
-            // for this representation.
-            ast::StatementKind::Import(..) => (),
-            ast::StatementKind::Flow(..) => {
-                //TODO this should be an error
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn function_internal_statement(
-        &mut self,
-        statement: &ast::Statement<ast::StatementKind>,
-    ) -> Option<Statement> {
-        let ast::Statement { id: item_id, kind, .. } = statement;
-        match kind {
-            ast::StatementKind::Expression(expr) => Some(Statement::Expression(self.expression(expr))),
-            ast::StatementKind::Declaration(decl) => match decl {
-                ast::Declaration::FuncDecl(_, statements) => {
-                    self.insert_function_definition(item_id, statements);
-                    None
-                }
-                ast::Declaration::Binding { constant, expr, .. } => {
-                    let symbol = self.symbol_table.lookup_symbol(item_id).unwrap();
-                    Some(Statement::Binding {
-                        id: symbol.def_id(),
-                        constant: *constant,
-                        expr: self.expression(expr),
-                    })
-                }
-                _ => None,
-            },
-            ast::StatementKind::Import(_) => None,
-            ast::StatementKind::Flow(ast::FlowControl::Return(expr)) =>
-                if let Some(expr) = expr {
-                    Some(Statement::Return(self.expression(expr)))
-                } else {
-                    Some(Statement::Return(Expression::unit()))
-                },
-            ast::StatementKind::Flow(ast::FlowControl::Break) => Some(Statement::Break),
-            ast::StatementKind::Flow(ast::FlowControl::Continue) => Some(Statement::Continue),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn insert_function_definition(&mut self, item_id: &ast::ItemId, statements: &ast::Block) {
-        let symbol = self.symbol_table.lookup_symbol(item_id).unwrap();
-        let function_def = FunctionDefinition { body: self.function_internal_block(statements) };
-        self.functions.insert(symbol.def_id(), function_def);
-    }
-
-    //TODO this needs to be type-aware to work correctly
-    fn lookup_method(&mut self, name: &str) -> Option<DefId> {
-        for (def_id, function) in self.functions.iter() {
-            let symbol = self.symbol_table.lookup_symbol_by_def(def_id)?;
-            println!("Def Id: {} symbol: {:?}", def_id, symbol);
-            if symbol.local_name() == name {
-                return Some(*def_id);
-            }
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    fn expression(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expression) -> Expression {
-        use crate::ast::ExpressionKind::*;
-
-        match &expr.kind {
-            SelfValue => Expression::Lookup(Lookup::SelfParam),
-            NatLiteral(n) => Expression::Literal(Literal::Nat(*n)),
-            FloatLiteral(f) => Expression::Literal(Literal::Float(*f)),
-            //TODO implement handling string literal prefixes
-            StringLiteral { s, prefix: _ } => Expression::Literal(Literal::StringLit(s.clone())),
-            BoolLiteral(b) => Expression::Literal(Literal::Bool(*b)),
-            BinExp(binop, lhs, rhs) => self.binop(binop, lhs, rhs),
-            PrefixExp(op, arg) => self.prefix(op, arg),
-            Value(qualified_name) => self.value(qualified_name),
-            Call { f, arguments } => {
-                let f = self.expression(f);
-                let args = arguments.iter().map(|arg| self.invocation_argument(arg)).collect();
-                //TODO need to have full type availability at this point to do this method lookup
-                //correctly
-                if let Expression::Access { name, expr } = f {
-                    let def_id = self.lookup_method(&name).unwrap();
-                    let method = Expression::Lookup(Lookup::Function(def_id));
-                    Expression::CallMethod { f: Box::new(method), args, self_expr: expr }
-                } else {
-                    Expression::Call { f: Box::new(f), args }
-                }
-            }
-            TupleLiteral(exprs) => Expression::Tuple(exprs.iter().map(|e| self.expression(e)).collect()),
-            IfExpression { discriminator, body } =>
-                self.reduce_if_expression(discriminator.as_ref().map(|x| x.as_ref()), body),
-            Lambda { params, body, .. } => Expression::Callable(Callable::Lambda {
-                arity: params.len() as u8,
-                body: self.function_internal_block(body),
-            }),
-            NamedStruct { name, fields } => {
-                let symbol = match self.symbol_table.lookup_symbol(&name.id) {
-                    Some(symbol) => symbol,
-                    None => return Expression::ReductionError(format!("No symbol found for {}", name)),
-                };
-                let (tag, type_id) = match symbol.spec() {
-                    SymbolSpec::RecordConstructor { tag, type_id } => (tag, type_id),
-                    e => return Expression::ReductionError(format!("Bad symbol for NamedStruct: {:?}", e)),
-                };
-
-                let field_order = compute_field_orderings(self.type_context, &type_id, tag).unwrap();
-
-                let mut field_map = HashMap::new();
-                for (name, expr) in fields.iter() {
-                    field_map.insert(name.as_ref(), expr);
-                }
-
-                let mut ordered_args = vec![];
-                for field in field_order.iter() {
-                    let expr = match field_map.get(&field) {
-                        Some(expr) => expr,
-                        None =>
-                            return Expression::ReductionError(format!(
-                                "Field {} not specified for record {}",
-                                field, name
-                            )),
-                    };
-                    ordered_args.push(self.expression(expr));
-                }
-
-                let constructor =
-                    Expression::Callable(Callable::RecordConstructor { type_id, tag, field_order });
-                Expression::Call { f: Box::new(constructor), args: ordered_args }
-            }
-            Index { indexee, indexers } => self.reduce_index(indexee.as_ref(), indexers.as_slice()),
-            WhileExpression { condition, body } => {
-                let cond = Box::new(if let Some(condition) = condition {
-                    self.expression(condition)
-                } else {
-                    Expression::Literal(Literal::Bool(true))
-                });
-                let statements = self.function_internal_block(body);
-                Expression::Loop { cond, statements }
-            }
-            ForExpression { .. } => Expression::ReductionError("For expr not implemented".to_string()),
-            ListLiteral(items) => Expression::List(items.iter().map(|item| self.expression(item)).collect()),
-            Access { name, expr } =>
-                Expression::Access { name: name.as_ref().to_string(), expr: Box::new(self.expression(expr)) },
-        }
-    }
-
-    //TODO figure out the semantics of multiple indexers - for now, just ignore them
-    fn reduce_index(&mut self, indexee: &ast::Expression, indexers: &[ast::Expression]) -> Expression {
-        if indexers.len() != 1 {
-            return Expression::ReductionError("Invalid index expression".to_string());
-        }
-        let indexee = self.expression(indexee);
-        let indexer = self.expression(&indexers[0]);
-        Expression::Index { indexee: Box::new(indexee), indexer: Box::new(indexer) }
-    }
-
-    fn reduce_if_expression(
-        &mut self,
-        discriminator: Option<&ast::Expression>,
-        body: &ast::IfExpressionBody,
-    ) -> Expression {
-        use ast::IfExpressionBody::*;
-
-        let cond = Box::new(match discriminator {
-            Some(expr) => self.expression(expr),
-            None => return Expression::ReductionError("blank cond if-expr not supported".to_string()),
-        });
-        match body {
-            SimpleConditional { then_case, else_case } => {
-                let then_clause = self.function_internal_block(then_case);
-                let else_clause = match else_case.as_ref() {
-                    None => vec![],
-                    Some(stmts) => self.function_internal_block(stmts),
-                };
-                Expression::Conditional { cond, then_clause, else_clause }
-            }
-            SimplePatternMatch { pattern, then_case, else_case } => {
-                let alternatives = vec![
-                    Alternative {
-                        pattern: match pattern.reduce(self.symbol_table) {
-                            Ok(p) => p,
-                            Err(e) => return Expression::ReductionError(format!("Bad pattern: {:?}", e)),
-                        },
-                        item: self.function_internal_block(then_case),
-                    },
-                    Alternative {
-                        pattern: Pattern::Ignored,
-                        item: match else_case.as_ref() {
-                            Some(else_case) => self.function_internal_block(else_case),
-                            None => vec![],
-                        },
-                    },
-                ];
-
-                Expression::CaseMatch { cond, alternatives }
-            }
-            CondList(ref condition_arms) => {
-                let mut alternatives = vec![];
-                for arm in condition_arms {
-                    match arm.condition {
-                        ast::Condition::Pattern(ref pat) => {
-                            let alt = Alternative {
-                                pattern: match pat.reduce(self.symbol_table) {
-                                    Ok(p) => p,
-                                    Err(e) =>
-                                        return Expression::ReductionError(format!("Bad pattern: {:?}", e)),
-                                },
-                                item: self.function_internal_block(&arm.body),
-                            };
-                            alternatives.push(alt);
-                        }
-                        ast::Condition::TruncatedOp(_, _) =>
-                            return Expression::ReductionError("case-expression-trunc-op".to_string()),
-                        ast::Condition::Else =>
-                            return Expression::ReductionError("case-expression-else".to_string()),
-                    }
-                }
-                Expression::CaseMatch { cond, alternatives }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn invocation_argument(&mut self, invoc: &ast::InvocationArgument) -> Expression {
-        use crate::ast::InvocationArgument::*;
-        match invoc {
-            Positional(ex) => self.expression(ex),
-            Keyword { .. } => Expression::ReductionError("Keyword arguments not supported".to_string()),
-            Ignored => Expression::ReductionError("Ignored arguments not supported".to_string()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn function_internal_block(&mut self, block: &ast::Block) -> Vec<Statement> {
-        block.statements.iter().filter_map(|stmt| self.function_internal_statement(stmt)).collect()
-    }
-
-    fn prefix(&mut self, prefix: &ast::PrefixOp, arg: &ast::Expression) -> Expression {
-        let builtin: Option<Builtin> = TryFrom::try_from(prefix).ok();
-        match builtin {
-            Some(op) => Expression::Call {
-                f: Box::new(Expression::Callable(Callable::Builtin(op))),
-                args: vec![self.expression(arg)],
-            },
-            None => {
-                //TODO need this for custom prefix ops
-                Expression::ReductionError("User-defined prefix ops not supported".to_string())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn binop(&mut self, binop: &ast::BinOp, lhs: &ast::Expression, rhs: &ast::Expression) -> Expression {
-        use Expression::ReductionError;
-
-        let operation = Builtin::from_str(binop.sigil()).ok();
-        match operation {
-            Some(Builtin::Assignment) => {
-                let lval = match &lhs.kind {
-                    ast::ExpressionKind::Value(qualified_name) => {
-                        if let Some(symbol) = self.symbol_table.lookup_symbol(&qualified_name.id) {
-                            symbol.def_id()
-                        } else {
-                            return ReductionError(format!("Couldn't look up name: {:?}", qualified_name));
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ => return ReductionError("Trying to assign to a non-name".to_string()),
-                };
-
-                Expression::Assign { lval, rval: Box::new(self.expression(rhs)) }
-            }
-            Some(op) => Expression::Call {
-                f: Box::new(Expression::Callable(Callable::Builtin(op))),
-                args: vec![self.expression(lhs), self.expression(rhs)],
-            },
-            //TODO handle a user-defined operation
-            None => ReductionError("User-defined operations not supported".to_string()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn value(&mut self, qualified_name: &ast::QualifiedName) -> Expression {
-        use SymbolSpec::*;
-
-        let symbol = match self.symbol_table.lookup_symbol(&qualified_name.id) {
-            Some(s) => s,
-            None =>
-                return Expression::ReductionError(format!("No symbol found for name: `{}`", qualified_name)),
-        };
-
-        let def_id = symbol.def_id();
-
-        match symbol.spec() {
-            Builtin(b) => Expression::Callable(Callable::Builtin(b)),
-            Func { .. } => Expression::Lookup(Lookup::Function(def_id)),
-            GlobalBinding => Expression::Lookup(Lookup::GlobalVar(def_id)),
-            LocalVariable => Expression::Lookup(Lookup::LocalVar(def_id)),
-            FunctionParam(n) => Expression::Lookup(Lookup::Param(n)),
-            DataConstructor { tag, type_id } =>
-                Expression::Callable(Callable::DataConstructor { type_id, tag }),
-            RecordConstructor { .. } => Expression::ReductionError(format!(
-                "The symbol for value {:?} is unexpectdly a RecordConstructor",
-                qualified_name
-            )),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ast::Pattern {
-    fn reduce(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) -> Result<Pattern, PatternError> {
-        Ok(match self {
-            ast::Pattern::Ignored => Pattern::Ignored,
-            ast::Pattern::TuplePattern(subpatterns) => {
-                let items: Result<Vec<Pattern>, PatternError> =
-                    subpatterns.iter().map(|pat| pat.reduce(symbol_table)).into_iter().collect();
-                let items = items?;
-                Pattern::Tuple { tag: None, subpatterns: items }
-            }
-            ast::Pattern::Literal(lit) => Pattern::Literal(match lit {
-                ast::PatternLiteral::NumPattern { neg, num } => match (neg, num) {
-                    (false, ast::ExpressionKind::NatLiteral(n)) => Literal::Nat(*n),
-                    (false, ast::ExpressionKind::FloatLiteral(f)) => Literal::Float(*f),
-                    (true, ast::ExpressionKind::NatLiteral(n)) => Literal::Int(-(*n as i64)),
-                    (true, ast::ExpressionKind::FloatLiteral(f)) => Literal::Float(-f),
-                    (_, e) =>
-                        return Err(format!("Internal error, unexpected pattern literal: {:?}", e).into()),
-                },
-                ast::PatternLiteral::StringPattern(s) => Literal::StringLit(s.clone()),
-                ast::PatternLiteral::BoolPattern(b) => Literal::Bool(*b),
-            }),
-            ast::Pattern::TupleStruct(name, subpatterns) => {
-                let symbol = symbol_table.lookup_symbol(&name.id).unwrap();
-                if let SymbolSpec::DataConstructor { tag, type_id: _ } = symbol.spec() {
-                    let items: Result<Vec<Pattern>, PatternError> =
-                        subpatterns.iter().map(|pat| pat.reduce(symbol_table)).into_iter().collect();
-                    let items = items?;
-                    Pattern::Tuple { tag: Some(tag), subpatterns: items }
-                } else {
-                    return Err(
-                        "Internal error, trying to match something that's not a DataConstructor".into()
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-            ast::Pattern::VarOrName(name) => {
-                let symbol = symbol_table.lookup_symbol(&name.id).unwrap();
-                match symbol.spec() {
-                    SymbolSpec::DataConstructor { tag, type_id: _ } =>
-                        Pattern::Tuple { tag: Some(tag), subpatterns: vec![] },
-                    SymbolSpec::LocalVariable => {
-                        let def_id = symbol.def_id();
-                        Pattern::Binding(def_id)
-                    }
-                    spec => return Err(format!("Unexpected VarOrName symbol: {:?}", spec).into()),
-                }
-            }
-            ast::Pattern::Record(name, specified_members) => {
-                let symbol = symbol_table.lookup_symbol(&name.id).unwrap();
-                if let SymbolSpec::RecordConstructor { tag, type_id: _ } = symbol.spec() {
-                    //TODO do this computation from the type_id
-                    /*
-                    if specified_members.iter().any(|(member, _)| !members.contains_key(member)) {
-                        return Err(format!("Unknown key in record pattern").into());
-                    }
-                    */
-
-                    let subpatterns: Result<Vec<(Rc<String>, Pattern)>, PatternError> = specified_members
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|(name, pat)| {
-                            pat.reduce(symbol_table).map(|reduced_pat| (name.clone(), reduced_pat))
-                        })
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .collect();
-                    let subpatterns = subpatterns?;
-                    Pattern::Record { tag, subpatterns }
-                } else {
-                    return Err(format!("Unexpected Record pattern symbol: {:?}", symbol.spec()).into());
-                }
-            }
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-/// Given the type context and a variant, compute what order the fields on it were stored.
-/// This needs to be public until type-checking is fully implemented because the type information
-/// is only available at runtime.
-pub fn compute_field_orderings(
-    type_context: &TypeContext,
-    type_id: &TypeId,
-    tag: u32,
-) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
-    // Eventually, the ReducedIR should decide what field ordering is optimal.
-    // For now, just do it alphabetically.
-
-    let record_members = type_context.lookup_record_members(type_id, tag)?;
-    let mut field_order: Vec<String> =
-        record_members.iter().map(|(field, _type_id)| field).cloned().collect();
-    field_order.sort_unstable();
-    Some(field_order)
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/reduced_ir/test.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/reduced_ir/test.rs
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(test)]
-
-use super::*;
-use crate::{symbol_table::SymbolTable, type_inference::TypeContext};
-
-fn build_ir(input: &str) -> ReducedIR {
-    let ast = crate::util::quick_ast(input);
-
-    let mut symbol_table = SymbolTable::new();
-    let mut type_context = TypeContext::new();
-
-    symbol_table.process_ast(&ast, &mut type_context).unwrap();
-
-    let reduced = reduce(&ast, &symbol_table, &type_context);
-    reduced.debug(&symbol_table);
-    reduced
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_ir() {
-    let src = r#"
-
-    let global_one = 10 + 20
-    let global_two = "the string hello"
-
-    fn a_function(i, j, k) {
-        fn nested(x) {
-            x + 10
-        }
-        i + j * nested(k)
-    }
-
-    fn another_function(e) {
-        let local_var = 420
-        e * local_var
-    }
-
-    another_function()
-    "#;
-
-    let reduced = build_ir(src);
-    assert_eq!(reduced.functions.len(), 3);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_methods() {
-    let src = r#"
-type Thing = Thing
-impl Thing {
-    fn a_method() {
-        20
-    }
-
-}
-
-let a = Thing
-4 + a.a_method()
-    "#;
-    let reduced = build_ir(src);
-    assert_eq!(reduced.functions.len(), 1);
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/reduced_ir/types.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/reduced_ir/types.rs
@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, convert::From, rc::Rc};
-
-use crate::{
-    builtin::Builtin,
-    symbol_table::{DefId, SymbolTable},
-    type_inference::TypeId,
-};
-
-//TODO most of these Clone impls only exist to support function application, because the
-//tree-walking evaluator moves the reduced IR members.
-
-/// The reduced intermediate representation consists of a list of function definitions, and a block
-/// of entrypoint statements.  In a repl or script context this can be an arbitrary list of
-/// statements, in an executable context will likely just be a pointer to the main() function.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ReducedIR {
-    pub functions: HashMap<DefId, FunctionDefinition>,
-    pub entrypoint: Vec<Statement>,
-}
-
-impl ReducedIR {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn debug(&self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) {
-        println!("Reduced IR:");
-        println!("Functions:");
-        println!("-----------");
-        for (id, callable) in self.functions.iter() {
-            let name = &symbol_table.lookup_symbol_by_def(id).unwrap().local_name();
-            println!("{}({}) -> {:?}", id, name, callable);
-        }
-        println!();
-        println!("Entrypoint:");
-        println!("-----------");
-        for stmt in self.entrypoint.iter() {
-            println!("{:?}", stmt);
-        }
-        println!("-----------");
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Statement {
-    Expression(Expression),
-    Binding { id: DefId, constant: bool, expr: Expression },
-    Return(Expression),
-    Continue,
-    Break,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Expression {
-    Literal(Literal),
-    Tuple(Vec<Expression>),
-    List(Vec<Expression>),
-    Lookup(Lookup),
-    Assign { lval: DefId, rval: Box<Expression> },
-    Access { name: String, expr: Box<Expression> },
-    Callable(Callable),
-    Call { f: Box<Expression>, args: Vec<Expression> },
-    CallMethod { f: Box<Expression>, args: Vec<Expression>, self_expr: Box<Expression> },
-    Conditional { cond: Box<Expression>, then_clause: Vec<Statement>, else_clause: Vec<Statement> },
-    CaseMatch { cond: Box<Expression>, alternatives: Vec<Alternative> },
-    Loop { cond: Box<Expression>, statements: Vec<Statement> },
-    Index { indexee: Box<Expression>, indexer: Box<Expression> },
-    ReductionError(String),
-}
-
-impl Expression {
-    pub fn unit() -> Self {
-        Expression::Tuple(vec![])
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct FunctionDefinition {
-    pub body: Vec<Statement>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Callable {
-    Builtin(Builtin),
-    UserDefined(DefId),
-    Lambda { arity: u8, body: Vec<Statement> },
-    DataConstructor { type_id: TypeId, tag: u32 },
-    RecordConstructor { type_id: TypeId, tag: u32, field_order: Vec<String> },
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Lookup {
-    LocalVar(DefId),
-    GlobalVar(DefId),
-    Function(DefId),
-    Param(u8),
-    SelfParam,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Literal {
-    Nat(u64),
-    Int(i64),
-    Float(f64),
-    Bool(bool),
-    StringLit(Rc<String>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Alternative {
-    pub pattern: Pattern,
-    pub item: Vec<Statement>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Pattern {
-    Tuple { subpatterns: Vec<Pattern>, tag: Option<u32> },
-    Record { tag: u32, subpatterns: Vec<(Rc<String>, Pattern)> },
-    Literal(Literal),
-    Ignored,
-    Binding(DefId),
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct PatternError {
-    msg: String,
-}
-
-impl From<&str> for PatternError {
-    fn from(s: &str) -> Self {
-        Self { msg: s.to_string() }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<String> for PatternError {
-    fn from(msg: String) -> Self {
-        Self { msg }
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/schala.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/schala.rs
@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-use schala_repl::{
-    ComputationRequest, ComputationResponse, GlobalOutputStats, LangMetaRequest, LangMetaResponse,
-    ProgrammingLanguageInterface,
-};
-use stopwatch::Stopwatch;
-
-use crate::{error::SchalaError, parsing, reduced_ir, symbol_table, tree_walk_eval, type_inference};
-
-/// All the state necessary to parse and execute a Schala program are stored in this struct.
-pub struct Schala<'a> {
-    /// Holds a reference to the original source code, parsed into line and character
-    source_reference: SourceReference,
-
-    //state: eval::State<'static>,
-    /// Keeps track of symbols and scopes
-    symbol_table: symbol_table::SymbolTable,
-    /// Contains information for type-checking
-    type_context: type_inference::TypeContext,
-    /// Schala Parser
-    active_parser: parsing::Parser,
-
-    /// Execution state for AST-walking interpreter
-    eval_state: tree_walk_eval::State<'a>,
-
-    timings: Vec<(&'static str, std::time::Duration)>,
-}
-
-/*
-impl Schala {
-    //TODO implement documentation for language items
-    /*
-    fn handle_docs(&self, source: String) -> LangMetaResponse {
-      LangMetaResponse::Docs {
-        doc_string: format!("Schala item `{}` : <<Schala-lang documentation not yet implemented>>", source)
-      }
-    }
-    */
-}
-*/
-
-impl<'a> Schala<'a> {
-    /// Creates a new Schala environment *without* any prelude.
-    fn new_blank_env() -> Schala<'a> {
-        Schala {
-            source_reference: SourceReference::new(),
-            symbol_table: symbol_table::SymbolTable::new(),
-            type_context: type_inference::TypeContext::new(),
-            active_parser: parsing::Parser::new(),
-            eval_state: tree_walk_eval::State::new(),
-            timings: Vec::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a new Schala environment with the standard prelude, which is defined as ordinary
-    /// Schala code in the file `prelude.schala`
-    #[allow(clippy::new_without_default)]
-    pub fn new() -> Schala<'a> {
-        let prelude = include_str!("../source-files/prelude.schala");
-        let mut env = Schala::new_blank_env();
-
-        let response = env.run_pipeline(prelude, SchalaConfig::default());
-        if let Err(err) = response {
-            panic!("Error in prelude, panicking: {}", err.display());
-        }
-        env
-    }
-
-    /// This is where the actual action of interpreting/compilation happens.
-    /// Note: this should eventually use a query-based system for parallelization, cf.
-    /// https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/overview.html
-    fn run_pipeline(&mut self, source: &str, config: SchalaConfig) -> Result<String, SchalaError> {
-        self.timings = vec![];
-        let sw = Stopwatch::start_new();
-
-        self.source_reference.load_new_source(source);
-        let ast = self
-            .active_parser
-            .parse(source)
-            .map_err(|err| SchalaError::from_parse_error(err, &self.source_reference))?;
-        self.timings.push(("parsing", sw.elapsed()));
-
-        let sw = Stopwatch::start_new();
-        //Perform all symbol table work
-        self.symbol_table
-            .process_ast(&ast, &mut self.type_context)
-            .map_err(SchalaError::from_symbol_table)?;
-
-        self.timings.push(("symbol_table", sw.elapsed()));
-
-        // Typechecking
-        let _overall_type = self.type_context.typecheck(&ast).map_err(SchalaError::from_type_error);
-
-        let sw = Stopwatch::start_new();
-        let reduced_ir = reduced_ir::reduce(&ast, &self.symbol_table, &self.type_context);
-        self.timings.push(("reduced_ir", sw.elapsed()));
-
-        let sw = Stopwatch::start_new();
-        let evaluation_outputs = self.eval_state.evaluate(reduced_ir, &self.type_context, config.repl);
-        self.timings.push(("tree-walking-evaluation", sw.elapsed()));
-        let text_output: Result<Vec<String>, String> = evaluation_outputs.into_iter().collect();
-
-        let text_output: Result<Vec<String>, SchalaError> =
-            text_output.map_err(|err| SchalaError::from_string(err, Stage::Evaluation));
-
-        let eval_output: String =
-            text_output.map(|v| Iterator::intersperse(v.into_iter(), "\n".to_owned()).collect())?;
-
-        Ok(eval_output)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents lines of source code
-pub(crate) struct SourceReference {
-    last_source: Option<String>,
-    /// Offsets in *bytes* (not chars) representing a newline character
-    newline_offsets: Vec<usize>,
-}
-
-impl SourceReference {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> SourceReference {
-        SourceReference { last_source: None, newline_offsets: vec![] }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn load_new_source(&mut self, source: &str) {
-        self.newline_offsets = vec![];
-        for (offset, ch) in source.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {
-            if *ch == b'\n' {
-                self.newline_offsets.push(offset);
-            }
-        }
-        self.last_source = Some(source.to_string());
-    }
-
-    // (line_start, line_num, the string itself)
-    pub fn get_line(&self, line: usize) -> (usize, usize, String) {
-        if self.newline_offsets.is_empty() {
-            return (0, 0, self.last_source.as_ref().cloned().unwrap());
-        }
-
-        //TODO make sure this is utf8-safe
-        let start_idx = match self.newline_offsets.binary_search(&line) {
-            Ok(index) | Err(index) => index,
-        };
-
-        let last_source = self.last_source.as_ref().unwrap();
-
-        let start = self.newline_offsets[start_idx];
-        let end = self.newline_offsets.get(start_idx + 1).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| last_source.len());
-
-        let slice = &last_source.as_bytes()[start..end];
-        (start, start_idx, std::str::from_utf8(slice).unwrap().to_string())
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum Stage {
-    Parsing,
-    Symbols,
-    ScopeResolution,
-    Typechecking,
-    AstReduction,
-    Evaluation,
-}
-
-fn stage_names() -> Vec<&'static str> {
-    vec!["parsing", "symbol-table", "typechecking", "ast-reduction", "ast-walking-evaluation"]
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Clone)]
-pub struct SchalaConfig {
-    pub repl: bool,
-}
-
-impl<'a> ProgrammingLanguageInterface for Schala<'a> {
-    //TODO flesh out Config
-    type Config = SchalaConfig;
-    fn language_name() -> String {
-        "Schala".to_owned()
-    }
-
-    fn source_file_suffix() -> String {
-        "schala".to_owned()
-    }
-
-    fn run_computation(&mut self, request: ComputationRequest<Self::Config>) -> ComputationResponse {
-        let ComputationRequest { source, debug_requests: _, config: _ } = request;
-        let sw = Stopwatch::start_new();
-
-        let main_output =
-            self.run_pipeline(source, request.config).map_err(|schala_err| schala_err.display());
-        let total_duration = sw.elapsed();
-
-        let stage_durations: Vec<_> = std::mem::take(&mut self.timings)
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|(label, duration)| (label.to_string(), duration))
-            .collect();
-        let global_output_stats = GlobalOutputStats { total_duration, stage_durations };
-
-        ComputationResponse { main_output, global_output_stats, debug_responses: vec![] }
-    }
-
-    fn request_meta(&mut self, request: LangMetaRequest) -> LangMetaResponse {
-        match request {
-            LangMetaRequest::StageNames =>
-                LangMetaResponse::StageNames(stage_names().iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect()),
-            _ => LangMetaResponse::Custom { kind: "not-implemented".to_string(), value: "".to_string() },
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/symbol_table.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/symbol_table.rs
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
+use ast;
+use typechecking::TypeName;
+
+//cf. p. 150 or so of Language Implementation Patterns
+pub struct SymbolTable {
+  pub values: HashMap<Rc<String>, Symbol> //TODO this will eventually have real type information
+}
+
+impl SymbolTable {
+  pub fn new() -> SymbolTable {
+    SymbolTable { values: HashMap::new() }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Symbol {
+  pub name: Rc<String>,
+  pub spec: SymbolSpec,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Symbol {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    write!(f, "<Name: {}, Spec: {}>", self.name, self.spec)
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum SymbolSpec {
+  Func(Vec<TypeName>),
+  DataConstructor {
+    type_name: Rc<String>,
+    type_args: Vec<Rc<String>>,
+  },
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for SymbolSpec {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    use self::SymbolSpec::*;
+    match self {
+      Func(type_names) => write!(f, "Func({:?})", type_names),
+      DataConstructor { type_name, type_args } => write!(f, "DataConstructor({:?} -> {})", type_args, type_name),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl SymbolTable {
+  /* note: this adds names for *forward reference* but doesn't actually create any types. solve that problem
+   * later */
+  pub fn add_top_level_symbols(&mut self, ast: &ast::AST) -> Result<(), String> {
+    use self::ast::{Statement, TypeName, Variant, TypeSingletonName, TypeBody};
+    use self::ast::Declaration::*;
+    for statement in ast.0.iter() {
+      if let Statement::Declaration(decl) = statement {
+        match decl {
+          FuncSig(signature) | FuncDecl(signature, _) => {
+            let mut ch: char = 'a';
+            let mut types = vec![];
+            for param in signature.params.iter() {
+              match param {
+                (_, Some(ty)) => {
+                  //TODO eventually handle this case different
+                  types.push(Rc::new(format!("{}", ch)));
+                  ch = ((ch as u8) + 1) as char;
+                },
+                (_, None) => {
+                  types.push(Rc::new(format!("{}", ch)));
+                  ch = ((ch as u8) + 1) as char;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            let spec = SymbolSpec::Func(types);
+            self.values.insert(
+              signature.name.clone(),
+              Symbol { name: signature.name.clone(), spec }
+              );
+          },
+          TypeDecl { name: TypeSingletonName { name, params}, body: TypeBody(variants), mutable } => {
+            for var in variants {
+              match var {
+                Variant::UnitStruct(variant_name) => {
+                  let spec = SymbolSpec::DataConstructor {
+                    type_name: name.clone(),
+                    type_args: vec![],
+                  };
+                  self.values.insert(variant_name.clone(), Symbol { name: variant_name.clone(), spec });
+                },
+                Variant::TupleStruct(variant_name, tuple_members) => {
+                  let type_args = tuple_members.iter().map(|type_name| match type_name {
+                    TypeName::Singleton(TypeSingletonName { name, ..}) => name.clone(),
+                    TypeName::Tuple(_) => unimplemented!(),
+                  }).collect();
+                  let spec = SymbolSpec::DataConstructor { 
+                    type_name: name.clone(),
+                    type_args
+                  };
+                  let symbol = Symbol { name: variant_name.clone(), spec };
+                  self.values.insert(variant_name.clone(), symbol);
+                },
+                e => return Err(format!("{:?} not supported in typing yet", e)),
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          _ => ()
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+  }
+  pub fn debug_symbol_table(&self) -> String {
+    let mut output = format!("Symbol table\n");
+    for (name, sym) in &self.values {
+      write!(output, "{} -> {}\n", name, sym).unwrap();
+    }
+    output
+  }
+}
--- a/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/fqsn.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/fqsn.rs
@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-use std::{fmt, rc::Rc};
-
-/// Fully-qualified symbol name
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub struct Fqsn {
-    //TODO Fqsn's need to be cheaply cloneable
-    pub scopes: Vec<ScopeSegment>,
-}
-
-impl Fqsn {
-    pub fn from_scope_stack(scopes: &[ScopeSegment], new_name: Rc<String>) -> Self {
-        let mut v = Vec::new();
-        for s in scopes {
-            v.push(s.clone());
-        }
-        v.push(ScopeSegment::Name(new_name));
-        Fqsn { scopes: v }
-    }
-
-    pub fn extend(&self, new_item: &str) -> Self {
-        let mut new = self.clone();
-        new.scopes.push(ScopeSegment::Name(Rc::new(new_item.to_string())));
-        new
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn from_strs(strs: &[&str]) -> Fqsn {
-        let mut scopes = vec![];
-        for s in strs {
-            scopes.push(ScopeSegment::Name(Rc::new(s.to_string())));
-        }
-        Fqsn { scopes }
-    }
-
-    pub fn last_elem(&self) -> Rc<String> {
-        let ScopeSegment::Name(name) = self.scopes.last().unwrap();
-        name.clone()
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for Fqsn {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        let delim = "::";
-        let Fqsn { scopes } = self;
-        write!(f, "FQSN<{}", scopes[0])?;
-        for item in scopes[1..].iter() {
-            write!(f, "{}{}", delim, item)?;
-        }
-        write!(f, ">")
-    }
-}
-
-//TODO eventually this should use ItemId's to avoid String-cloning
-/// One segment within a scope.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub enum ScopeSegment {
-    Name(Rc<String>),
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for ScopeSegment {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        let ScopeSegment::Name(name) = self;
-        write!(f, "{}", name)
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/mod.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/mod.rs
@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
-
-use std::{
-    collections::{hash_map::Entry, HashMap},
-    fmt,
-    rc::Rc,
-};
-
-use crate::{
-    ast,
-    ast::ItemId,
-    builtin::Builtin,
-    parsing::Location,
-    type_inference::{TypeContext, TypeId},
-};
-
-mod populator;
-use populator::SymbolTablePopulator;
-mod fqsn;
-pub use fqsn::{Fqsn, ScopeSegment};
-mod resolver;
-mod symbol_trie;
-use symbol_trie::SymbolTrie;
-mod test;
-use crate::identifier::{define_id_kind, Id, IdStore};
-
-define_id_kind!(DefItem);
-pub type DefId = Id<DefItem>;
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum SymbolError {
-    DuplicateName { prev_name: Fqsn, location: Location },
-    DuplicateVariant { type_fqsn: Fqsn, name: String },
-    DuplicateRecord { type_fqsn: Fqsn, location: Location, record: String, member: String },
-    UnknownAnnotation { name: String },
-    BadAnnotation { name: String, msg: String },
-    BadImplBlockEntry,
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct NameSpec<K> {
-    location: Location,
-    kind: K,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum NameKind {
-    Module,
-    Function,
-    Binding,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum TypeKind {
-    Function,
-    Constructor,
-}
-
-/// Keeps track of what names were used in a given namespace.
-struct NameTable<K> {
-    table: HashMap<Fqsn, NameSpec<K>>,
-}
-
-impl<K> NameTable<K> {
-    fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { table: HashMap::new() }
-    }
-
-    fn register(&mut self, name: Fqsn, spec: NameSpec<K>) -> Result<(), SymbolError> {
-        match self.table.entry(name.clone()) {
-            Entry::Occupied(o) =>
-                Err(SymbolError::DuplicateName { prev_name: name, location: o.get().location }),
-            Entry::Vacant(v) => {
-                v.insert(spec);
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-//cf. p. 150 or so of Language Implementation Patterns
-pub struct SymbolTable {
-    def_id_store: IdStore<DefItem>,
-
-    /// Used for import resolution.
-    symbol_trie: SymbolTrie,
-
-    /// These tables are responsible for preventing duplicate names.
-    fq_names: NameTable<NameKind>, //Note that presence of two tables implies that a type and other binding with the same name can co-exist
-    types: NameTable<TypeKind>,
-
-    id_to_def: HashMap<ItemId, DefId>,
-    def_to_symbol: HashMap<DefId, Rc<Symbol>>,
-}
-
-impl SymbolTable {
-    /// Create a new, empty SymbolTable
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            def_id_store: IdStore::new(),
-            symbol_trie: SymbolTrie::new(),
-            fq_names: NameTable::new(),
-            types: NameTable::new(),
-            id_to_def: HashMap::new(),
-            def_to_symbol: HashMap::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The main entry point into the symbol table. This will traverse the AST in several
-    /// different ways and populate subtables with information that will be used further in the
-    /// compilation process.
-    pub fn process_ast(
-        &mut self,
-        ast: &ast::AST,
-        type_context: &mut TypeContext,
-    ) -> Result<(), Vec<SymbolError>> {
-        let mut populator = SymbolTablePopulator { type_context, table: self };
-
-        let errs = populator.populate_definition_tables(ast);
-        if !errs.is_empty() {
-            return Err(errs);
-        }
-
-        // Walks the AST, matching the ID of an identifier used in some expression to
-        // the corresponding Symbol.
-        let mut resolver = resolver::ScopeResolver::new(self);
-        resolver.resolve(ast);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn lookup_symbol(&self, id: &ItemId) -> Option<&Symbol> {
-        let def = self.id_to_def.get(id)?;
-        self.def_to_symbol.get(def).map(|s| s.as_ref())
-    }
-
-    pub fn lookup_symbol_by_def(&self, def: &DefId) -> Option<&Symbol> {
-        self.def_to_symbol.get(def).map(|s| s.as_ref())
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn debug(&self) {
-        println!("Symbol table:");
-        println!("----------------");
-        for (id, def) in self.id_to_def.iter() {
-            if let Some(symbol) = self.def_to_symbol.get(def) {
-                println!("{} => {}: {}", id, def, symbol);
-            } else {
-                println!("{} => {} <NO SYMBOL FOUND>", id, def);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Register a new mapping of a fully-qualified symbol name (e.g. `Option::Some`)
-    /// to a Symbol, a descriptor of what that name refers to.
-    fn add_symbol(&mut self, id: &ItemId, fqsn: Fqsn, spec: SymbolSpec) {
-        let def_id = self.def_id_store.fresh();
-        let local_name = fqsn.last_elem();
-        let symbol = Rc::new(Symbol { fully_qualified_name: fqsn.clone(), local_name, spec, def_id });
-        self.symbol_trie.insert(&fqsn, def_id);
-        self.id_to_def.insert(*id, def_id);
-        self.def_to_symbol.insert(def_id, symbol);
-    }
-
-    fn populate_single_builtin(&mut self, fqsn: Fqsn, builtin: Builtin) {
-        let def_id = self.def_id_store.fresh();
-        let spec = SymbolSpec::Builtin(builtin);
-        let local_name = fqsn.last_elem();
-        let symbol = Rc::new(Symbol { fully_qualified_name: fqsn.clone(), local_name, spec, def_id });
-
-        self.symbol_trie.insert(&fqsn, def_id);
-        self.def_to_symbol.insert(def_id, symbol);
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Symbol {
-    fully_qualified_name: Fqsn,
-    local_name: Rc<String>,
-    spec: SymbolSpec,
-    def_id: DefId,
-}
-
-impl Symbol {
-    pub fn local_name(&self) -> &str {
-        self.local_name.as_ref()
-    }
-
-    pub fn def_id(&self) -> DefId {
-        self.def_id
-    }
-
-    pub fn spec(&self) -> SymbolSpec {
-        self.spec.clone()
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for Symbol {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "<Local name: {}, {}, Spec: {}>", self.local_name(), self.fully_qualified_name, self.spec)
-    }
-}
-
-//TODO - I think I eventually want to draw a distinction between true global items
-//i.e. global vars, and items whose definitions are scoped. Right now there's a sense
-//in which Func, DataConstructor, RecordConstructor, and GlobalBinding are "globals",
-//whereas LocalVarible and FunctionParam have local scope. But right now, they all
-//get put into a common table, and all get DefId's from a common source.
-//
-//It would be good if individual functions could in parallel look up their own
-//local vars without interfering with other lookups. Also some type definitions
-//should be scoped in a similar way.
-//
-//Also it makes sense that non-globals should not use DefId's, particularly not
-//function parameters (even though they are currently assigned).
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum SymbolSpec {
-    Builtin(Builtin),
-    Func { method: Option<crate::ast::TypeSingletonName> },
-    DataConstructor { tag: u32, type_id: TypeId },
-    RecordConstructor { tag: u32, type_id: TypeId },
-    GlobalBinding, //Only for global variables, not for function-local ones or ones within a `let` scope context
-    LocalVariable,
-    FunctionParam(u8),
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for SymbolSpec {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        use self::SymbolSpec::*;
-        match self {
-            Builtin(b) => write!(f, "Builtin: {:?}", b),
-            Func { .. } => write!(f, "Func"),
-            DataConstructor { tag, type_id } => write!(f, "DataConstructor(tag: {}, type: {})", tag, type_id),
-            RecordConstructor { type_id, tag, .. } =>
-                write!(f, "RecordConstructor(tag: {})(<members> -> {})", tag, type_id),
-            GlobalBinding => write!(f, "GlobalBinding"),
-            LocalVariable => write!(f, "Local variable"),
-            FunctionParam(n) => write!(f, "Function param: {}", n),
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/populator.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/populator.rs
@ -1,352 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::{hash_map::Entry, HashMap, HashSet},
-    rc::Rc,
-    str::FromStr,
-};
-
-use super::{Fqsn, NameKind, NameSpec, ScopeSegment, SymbolError, SymbolSpec, SymbolTable, TypeKind};
-use crate::{
-    ast::{
-        Declaration, Expression, ExpressionKind, ItemId, Statement, StatementKind, TypeBody,
-        TypeSingletonName, Variant, VariantKind, AST,
-    },
-    builtin::Builtin,
-    parsing::Location,
-    type_inference::{self, PendingType, TypeBuilder, TypeContext, VariantBuilder},
-};
-
-pub(super) struct SymbolTablePopulator<'a> {
-    pub(super) type_context: &'a mut TypeContext,
-    pub(super) table: &'a mut SymbolTable,
-}
-
-impl<'a> SymbolTablePopulator<'a> {
-    /* note: this adds names for *forward reference* but doesn't actually create any types. solve that problem
-     * later */
-
-    fn add_symbol(&mut self, id: &ItemId, fqsn: Fqsn, spec: SymbolSpec) {
-        self.table.add_symbol(id, fqsn, spec)
-    }
-
-    /// This function traverses the AST and adds symbol table entries for
-    /// constants, functions, types, and modules defined within. This simultaneously
-    /// checks for dupicate definitions (and returns errors if discovered), and sets
-    /// up name tables that will be used by further parts of the compiler
-    pub fn populate_definition_tables(&mut self, ast: &AST) -> Vec<SymbolError> {
-        let mut scope_stack = vec![];
-        self.add_from_scope(ast.statements.as_ref(), &mut scope_stack, false)
-    }
-
-    fn add_from_scope(
-        &mut self,
-        statements: &[Statement<StatementKind>],
-        scope_stack: &mut Vec<ScopeSegment>,
-        function_scope: bool,
-    ) -> Vec<SymbolError> {
-        let mut errors = vec![];
-
-        for statement in statements {
-            let Statement { id, kind, location } = statement;
-            let location = *location;
-            if let Err(err) = self.add_single_statement(id, kind, location, scope_stack, function_scope) {
-                errors.push(err);
-            } else {
-                let decl = match kind {
-                    StatementKind::Declaration(decl) => decl,
-                    _ => continue,
-                };
-                // If there's an error with a name, don't recurse into subscopes of that name
-                let recursive_errs = match decl {
-                    Declaration::FuncDecl(signature, body) => {
-                        let new_scope = ScopeSegment::Name(signature.name.clone());
-                        scope_stack.push(new_scope);
-                        let output = self.add_from_scope(body.as_ref(), scope_stack, true);
-                        scope_stack.pop();
-                        output
-                    }
-                    Declaration::Module { name, items } => {
-                        let new_scope = ScopeSegment::Name(name.clone());
-                        scope_stack.push(new_scope);
-                        let output = self.add_from_scope(items.as_ref(), scope_stack, false);
-                        scope_stack.pop();
-                        output
-                    }
-                    Declaration::TypeDecl { name, body, mutable } => {
-                        let type_fqsn = Fqsn::from_scope_stack(scope_stack, name.name.clone());
-                        self.add_type_members(name, body, mutable, location, type_fqsn)
-                    }
-
-                    Declaration::Impl { type_name, interface_name: _, block } => {
-                        let mut errors = vec![];
-                        let new_scope = ScopeSegment::Name(Rc::new(format!("<impl-block>{}", type_name)));
-                        scope_stack.push(new_scope);
-
-                        for decl_stmt in block.iter() {
-                            let Statement { id, kind, location } = decl_stmt;
-                            let location = *location;
-                            match kind {
-                                decl @ Declaration::FuncDecl(signature, body) => {
-                                    let output =
-                                        self.add_single_declaration(id, decl, location, scope_stack, true);
-                                    if let Err(e) = output {
-                                        errors.push(e);
-                                    };
-                                    let new_scope = ScopeSegment::Name(signature.name.clone());
-                                    scope_stack.push(new_scope);
-                                    let output = self.add_from_scope(body.as_ref(), scope_stack, true);
-                                    scope_stack.pop();
-                                    errors.extend(output.into_iter());
-                                }
-                                _other => errors.push(SymbolError::BadImplBlockEntry),
-                            };
-                        }
-                        scope_stack.pop();
-                        errors
-                    }
-                    _ => vec![],
-                };
-                errors.extend(recursive_errs.into_iter());
-            }
-        }
-
-        errors
-    }
-
-    fn add_single_statement(
-        &mut self,
-        id: &ItemId,
-        kind: &StatementKind,
-        location: Location,
-        scope_stack: &[ScopeSegment],
-        function_scope: bool,
-    ) -> Result<(), SymbolError> {
-        match kind {
-            StatementKind::Declaration(decl) =>
-                self.add_single_declaration(id, decl, location, scope_stack, function_scope),
-            _ => return Ok(()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn add_single_declaration(
-        &mut self,
-        id: &ItemId,
-        decl: &Declaration,
-        location: Location,
-        scope_stack: &[ScopeSegment],
-        function_scope: bool,
-    ) -> Result<(), SymbolError> {
-        match decl {
-            Declaration::FuncSig(signature) => {
-                let fq_function = Fqsn::from_scope_stack(scope_stack, signature.name.clone());
-                self.table
-                    .fq_names
-                    .register(fq_function.clone(), NameSpec { location, kind: NameKind::Function })?;
-                self.table
-                    .types
-                    .register(fq_function.clone(), NameSpec { location, kind: TypeKind::Function })?;
-
-                self.add_symbol(id, fq_function, SymbolSpec::Func { method: None });
-            }
-            Declaration::FuncDecl(signature, ..) => {
-                let fn_name = &signature.name;
-                let fq_function = Fqsn::from_scope_stack(scope_stack, fn_name.clone());
-                self.table
-                    .fq_names
-                    .register(fq_function.clone(), NameSpec { location, kind: NameKind::Function })?;
-                self.table
-                    .types
-                    .register(fq_function.clone(), NameSpec { location, kind: TypeKind::Function })?;
-
-                self.add_symbol(id, fq_function, SymbolSpec::Func { method: None });
-            }
-            Declaration::TypeDecl { name, .. } => {
-                let fq_type = Fqsn::from_scope_stack(scope_stack, name.name.clone());
-                self.table.types.register(fq_type, NameSpec { location, kind: TypeKind::Constructor })?;
-            }
-            //TODO handle type aliases
-            Declaration::TypeAlias { .. } => (),
-            Declaration::Binding { name, .. } => {
-                let fq_binding = Fqsn::from_scope_stack(scope_stack, name.clone());
-                self.table
-                    .fq_names
-                    .register(fq_binding.clone(), NameSpec { location, kind: NameKind::Binding })?;
-                if !function_scope {
-                    self.add_symbol(id, fq_binding, SymbolSpec::GlobalBinding);
-                }
-            }
-            //TODO implement interfaces
-            Declaration::Interface { .. } => (),
-            Declaration::Impl { .. } => (),
-            Declaration::Module { name, .. } => {
-                let fq_module = Fqsn::from_scope_stack(scope_stack, name.clone());
-                self.table.fq_names.register(fq_module, NameSpec { location, kind: NameKind::Module })?;
-            }
-            Declaration::Annotation { name, arguments, inner } => {
-                let inner = inner.as_ref();
-                self.add_single_statement(
-                    &inner.id,
-                    &inner.kind,
-                    inner.location,
-                    scope_stack,
-                    function_scope,
-                )?;
-                self.process_annotation(name.as_ref(), arguments.as_slice(), scope_stack, inner)?;
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn process_annotation(
-        &mut self,
-        name: &str,
-        arguments: &[Expression],
-        scope_stack: &[ScopeSegment],
-        inner: &Statement<StatementKind>,
-    ) -> Result<(), SymbolError> {
-        if name == "register_builtin" {
-            if let Statement {
-                id: _,
-                location: _,
-                kind: StatementKind::Declaration(Declaration::FuncDecl(sig, _)),
-            } = inner
-            {
-                let fqsn = Fqsn::from_scope_stack(scope_stack, sig.name.clone());
-                let builtin_name = match arguments {
-                    [Expression { kind: ExpressionKind::Value(qname), .. }]
-                        if qname.components.len() == 1 =>
-                        qname.components[0].clone(),
-                    _ =>
-                        return Err(SymbolError::BadAnnotation {
-                            name: name.to_string(),
-                            msg: "Bad argument for register_builtin".to_string(),
-                        }),
-                };
-
-                let builtin =
-                    Builtin::from_str(builtin_name.as_str()).map_err(|_| SymbolError::BadAnnotation {
-                        name: name.to_string(),
-                        msg: format!("Invalid builtin: {}", builtin_name),
-                    })?;
-
-                self.table.populate_single_builtin(fqsn, builtin);
-                Ok(())
-            } else {
-                Err(SymbolError::BadAnnotation {
-                    name: name.to_string(),
-                    msg: "register_builtin not annotating a function".to_string(),
-                })
-            }
-        } else {
-            Err(SymbolError::UnknownAnnotation { name: name.to_string() })
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn add_type_members(
-        &mut self,
-        type_name: &TypeSingletonName,
-        type_body: &TypeBody,
-        _mutable: &bool,
-        location: Location,
-        type_fqsn: Fqsn,
-    ) -> Vec<SymbolError> {
-        let (variants, immediate_variant) = match type_body {
-            TypeBody::Variants(variants) => (variants.clone(), false),
-            TypeBody::ImmediateRecord { id, fields } => (
-                vec![Variant {
-                    id: *id,
-                    name: type_name.name.clone(),
-                    kind: VariantKind::Record(fields.clone()),
-                }],
-                true,
-            ),
-        };
-
-        // Check for duplicates before registering any types with the TypeContext
-        let mut seen_variants = HashSet::new();
-        let mut errors = vec![];
-
-        for variant in variants.iter() {
-            if seen_variants.contains(&variant.name) {
-                errors.push(SymbolError::DuplicateVariant {
-                    type_fqsn: type_fqsn.clone(),
-                    name: variant.name.as_ref().to_string(),
-                })
-            }
-            seen_variants.insert(variant.name.clone());
-
-            if let VariantKind::Record(ref members) = variant.kind {
-                let mut seen_members = HashMap::new();
-                for (member_name, _) in members.iter() {
-                    match seen_members.entry(member_name.as_ref()) {
-                        Entry::Occupied(o) => {
-                            let location = *o.get();
-                            errors.push(SymbolError::DuplicateRecord {
-                                type_fqsn: type_fqsn.clone(),
-                                location,
-                                record: variant.name.as_ref().to_string(),
-                                member: member_name.as_ref().to_string(),
-                            });
-                        }
-                        //TODO eventually this should track meaningful locations
-                        Entry::Vacant(v) => {
-                            v.insert(location);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if !errors.is_empty() {
-            return errors;
-        }
-
-        let mut type_builder = TypeBuilder::new(type_name.name.as_ref());
-
-        let mut variant_name_map = HashMap::new();
-        for variant in variants.iter() {
-            let Variant { name, kind, id } = variant;
-
-            variant_name_map.insert(name.clone(), id);
-
-            let mut variant_builder = VariantBuilder::new(name.as_ref());
-            match kind {
-                VariantKind::UnitStruct => (),
-                VariantKind::TupleStruct(items) =>
-                    for type_identifier in items {
-                        let pending: PendingType = type_identifier.into();
-                        variant_builder.add_member(pending);
-                    },
-                VariantKind::Record(members) =>
-                    for (field_name, type_identifier) in members.iter() {
-                        let pending: PendingType = type_identifier.into();
-                        variant_builder.add_record_member(field_name.as_ref(), pending);
-                    },
-            }
-            type_builder.add_variant(variant_builder);
-        }
-
-        let type_id = self.type_context.register_type(type_builder);
-        let type_definition = self.type_context.lookup_type(&type_id).unwrap();
-
-        // This index is guaranteed to be the correct tag
-        for (index, variant) in type_definition.variants.iter().enumerate() {
-            let id = variant_name_map.get(&variant.name).unwrap();
-            let tag = index as u32;
-            let spec = match &variant.members {
-                type_inference::VariantMembers::Unit => SymbolSpec::DataConstructor { tag, type_id },
-                type_inference::VariantMembers::Tuple(..) => SymbolSpec::DataConstructor { tag, type_id },
-                type_inference::VariantMembers::Record(..) => SymbolSpec::RecordConstructor { tag, type_id },
-            };
-            self.table.add_symbol(id, type_fqsn.extend(&variant.name), spec);
-        }
-
-        if immediate_variant {
-            let variant = &type_definition.variants[0];
-            let id = variant_name_map.get(&variant.name).unwrap();
-            let spec = SymbolSpec::RecordConstructor { tag: 0, type_id };
-            self.table.add_symbol(id, type_fqsn, spec);
-        }
-
-        vec![]
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/resolver.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/resolver.rs
@ -1,253 +0,0 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-use crate::{
-    ast::*,
-    symbol_table::{Fqsn, ScopeSegment, SymbolSpec, SymbolTable},
-    util::ScopeStack,
-};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum NameType {
-    //TODO eventually this needs to support closures
-    Param(u8),
-    LocalVariable(ItemId),
-    LocalFunction(ItemId),
-    Import(Fqsn),
-}
-
-type LexScope<'a> = ScopeStack<'a, Rc<String>, NameType, ScopeType>;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum ScopeType {
-    Function { name: Rc<String> },
-    Lambda,
-    PatternMatch,
-    ImplBlock,
-    //TODO add some notion of a let-like scope?
-}
-
-pub struct ScopeResolver<'a> {
-    symbol_table: &'a mut super::SymbolTable,
-    lexical_scopes: LexScope<'a>,
-}
-
-impl<'a> ScopeResolver<'a> {
-    pub fn new(symbol_table: &'a mut SymbolTable) -> Self {
-        let lexical_scopes = ScopeStack::new(None);
-        Self { symbol_table, lexical_scopes }
-    }
-
-    pub fn resolve(&mut self, ast: &AST) {
-        walk_ast(self, ast);
-    }
-
-    /// This method correctly modifies the id_to_def table (ItemId) to have the appropriate
-    /// mappings.
-    fn lookup_name_in_scope(&mut self, name: &QualifiedName) {
-        //TODO this method badly needs attention
-        let QualifiedName { id, components } = name;
-
-        let local_name = components.first().unwrap().clone();
-        let name_type = self.lexical_scopes.lookup(&local_name);
-        let fqsn = Fqsn { scopes: components.iter().map(|name| ScopeSegment::Name(name.clone())).collect() };
-        let def_id = self.symbol_table.symbol_trie.lookup(&fqsn);
-
-        //TODO handle a "partial" qualified name, and also handle it down in the pattern-matching
-        //section
-        if components.len() == 1 {
-            match name_type {
-                Some(NameType::Import(fqsn)) => {
-                    let def_id = self.symbol_table.symbol_trie.lookup(fqsn);
-
-                    if let Some(def_id) = def_id {
-                        self.symbol_table.id_to_def.insert(*id, def_id);
-                    }
-                }
-                Some(NameType::Param(n)) => {
-                    let spec = SymbolSpec::FunctionParam(*n);
-                    //TODO need to come up with a better solution for local variable FQSNs
-                    let lscope = ScopeSegment::Name(Rc::new("<local-param>".to_string()));
-                    let fqsn = Fqsn { scopes: vec![lscope, ScopeSegment::Name(local_name.clone())] };
-                    self.symbol_table.add_symbol(id, fqsn, spec);
-                }
-                Some(NameType::LocalFunction(item_id)) => {
-                    let def_id = self.symbol_table.id_to_def.get(item_id);
-                    if let Some(def_id) = def_id {
-                        let def_id = *def_id;
-                        self.symbol_table.id_to_def.insert(*id, def_id);
-                    }
-                }
-                Some(NameType::LocalVariable(item_id)) => {
-                    let def_id = self.symbol_table.id_to_def.get(item_id);
-                    if let Some(def_id) = def_id {
-                        let def_id = *def_id;
-                        self.symbol_table.id_to_def.insert(*id, def_id);
-                    }
-                }
-                None =>
-                    if let Some(def_id) = def_id {
-                        self.symbol_table.id_to_def.insert(*id, def_id);
-                    },
-            }
-        } else if let Some(def_id) = def_id {
-            self.symbol_table.id_to_def.insert(*id, def_id);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> ASTVisitor for ScopeResolver<'a> {
-    // Import statements bring in a bunch of local names that all map to a specific FQSN.
-    // FQSNs map to a Symbol (or this is an error), Symbols have a DefId. So for every
-    // name we import, we map a local name (a string) to a NameType::ImportedDefinition(DefId).
-    fn import(&mut self, import_spec: &ImportSpecifier) -> Recursion {
-        let ImportSpecifier { ref path_components, ref imported_names, .. } = &import_spec;
-        match imported_names {
-            ImportedNames::All => {
-                let prefix =
-                    Fqsn { scopes: path_components.iter().map(|c| ScopeSegment::Name(c.clone())).collect() };
-                let members = self.symbol_table.symbol_trie.get_children(&prefix);
-                for fqsn in members.into_iter() {
-                    self.lexical_scopes.insert(fqsn.last_elem(), NameType::Import(fqsn));
-                }
-            }
-            ImportedNames::LastOfPath => {
-                let fqsn =
-                    Fqsn { scopes: path_components.iter().map(|c| ScopeSegment::Name(c.clone())).collect() };
-                self.lexical_scopes.insert(fqsn.last_elem(), NameType::Import(fqsn));
-            }
-            ImportedNames::List(ref names) => {
-                let fqsn_prefix: Vec<ScopeSegment> =
-                    path_components.iter().map(|c| ScopeSegment::Name(c.clone())).collect();
-                for name in names.iter() {
-                    let mut scopes = fqsn_prefix.clone();
-                    scopes.push(ScopeSegment::Name(name.clone()));
-                    let fqsn = Fqsn { scopes };
-                    self.lexical_scopes.insert(fqsn.last_elem(), NameType::Import(fqsn));
-                }
-            }
-        };
-        Recursion::Continue
-    }
-
-    fn declaration(&mut self, declaration: &Declaration, id: &ItemId) -> Recursion {
-        let cur_function_name = match self.lexical_scopes.get_name() {
-            //TODO this needs to be a fqsn
-            Some(ScopeType::Function { name }) => Some(name.clone()),
-            _ => None,
-        };
-        match declaration {
-            Declaration::FuncDecl(signature, block) => {
-                let param_names = signature.params.iter().map(|param| param.name.clone());
-                //TODO I'm 90% sure this is right, until I get to closures
-                //let mut new_scope = self.lexical_scopes.new_scope(Some(ScopeType::Function { name: signature.name.clone() }));
-                //TODO this will recurse unwantedly into scopes; need to pop an outer function
-                //scope off first before going into a non-closure scope
-                let mut new_scope =
-                    ScopeStack::new(Some(ScopeType::Function { name: signature.name.clone() }));
-
-                for (n, param) in param_names.enumerate() {
-                    new_scope.insert(param, NameType::Param(n as u8));
-                }
-
-                self.lexical_scopes.insert(signature.name.clone(), NameType::LocalFunction(*id));
-
-                let mut new_resolver =
-                    ScopeResolver { symbol_table: self.symbol_table, lexical_scopes: new_scope };
-                walk_block(&mut new_resolver, block);
-                Recursion::Stop
-            }
-            Declaration::Binding { name, .. } => {
-                if let Some(fn_name) = cur_function_name {
-                    // We are within a function scope
-                    let fqsn =
-                        Fqsn { scopes: vec![ScopeSegment::Name(fn_name), ScopeSegment::Name(name.clone())] };
-                    self.symbol_table.add_symbol(id, fqsn, SymbolSpec::LocalVariable);
-                    self.lexical_scopes.insert(name.clone(), NameType::LocalVariable(*id));
-                }
-                Recursion::Continue
-            }
-            Declaration::Impl { block, .. } => {
-                let new_scope = ScopeStack::new(Some(ScopeType::ImplBlock));
-                let mut new_resolver =
-                    ScopeResolver { symbol_table: self.symbol_table, lexical_scopes: new_scope };
-                for stmt in block.iter() {
-                    walk_declaration(&mut new_resolver, &stmt.kind, &stmt.id);
-                }
-                Recursion::Stop
-            }
-            _ => Recursion::Continue,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn expression(&mut self, expression: &Expression) -> Recursion {
-        use ExpressionKind::*;
-        match &expression.kind {
-            Value(name) => {
-                self.lookup_name_in_scope(name);
-            }
-            NamedStruct { name, fields: _ } => {
-                self.lookup_name_in_scope(name);
-            }
-            Lambda { params, body, .. } => {
-                let param_names = params.iter().map(|param| param.name.clone());
-                //TODO need to properly handle closure scope, this is currently broken
-                //let mut new_scope = self.lexical_scopes.new_scope(Some(ScopeType::Function { name: signature.name.clone() }));
-                let mut new_scope = ScopeStack::new(Some(ScopeType::Lambda));
-
-                for (n, param) in param_names.enumerate() {
-                    new_scope.insert(param, NameType::Param(n as u8));
-                }
-
-                let mut new_resolver =
-                    ScopeResolver { symbol_table: self.symbol_table, lexical_scopes: new_scope };
-                walk_block(&mut new_resolver, body);
-                return Recursion::Stop;
-            }
-            IfExpression { discriminator, body } => {
-                if let Some(d) = discriminator.as_ref() {
-                    walk_expression(self, d);
-                }
-                let mut resolver = ScopeResolver {
-                    lexical_scopes: self.lexical_scopes.new_scope(Some(ScopeType::PatternMatch)),
-                    symbol_table: self.symbol_table,
-                };
-                walk_if_expr_body(&mut resolver, body);
-                return Recursion::Stop;
-            }
-            _ => (),
-        }
-        Recursion::Continue
-    }
-
-    fn pattern(&mut self, pat: &Pattern) -> Recursion {
-        use Pattern::*;
-
-        match pat {
-            Literal(..) | Ignored | TuplePattern(..) => (),
-            TupleStruct(name, _) | Record(name, _) => {
-                self.lookup_name_in_scope(name);
-            }
-            //TODO this isn't really the right syntax for a VarOrName
-            VarOrName(QualifiedName { id, components }) => {
-                if components.len() == 1 {
-                    //TODO need a better way to construct a FQSN from a QualifiedName
-                    let local_name: Rc<String> = components[0].clone();
-                    let lscope = ScopeSegment::Name(Rc::new("<local-case-match>".to_string()));
-                    let fqsn = Fqsn { scopes: vec![lscope, ScopeSegment::Name(local_name.clone())] };
-                    self.symbol_table.add_symbol(id, fqsn, SymbolSpec::LocalVariable);
-                    self.lexical_scopes.insert(local_name, NameType::LocalVariable(*id));
-                } else {
-                    let fqsn = Fqsn {
-                        scopes: components.iter().map(|name| ScopeSegment::Name(name.clone())).collect(),
-                    };
-                    let def_id = self.symbol_table.symbol_trie.lookup(&fqsn);
-
-                    if let Some(def_id) = def_id {
-                        self.symbol_table.id_to_def.insert(*id, def_id);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        };
-        Recursion::Continue
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/symbol_trie.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/symbol_trie.rs
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher,
-    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
-};
-
-use radix_trie::{Trie, TrieCommon, TrieKey};
-
-use super::{DefId, Fqsn, ScopeSegment};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct SymbolTrie(Trie<Fqsn, DefId>);
-
-impl TrieKey for Fqsn {
-    fn encode_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
-        let mut output = vec![];
-        for segment in self.scopes.iter() {
-            let ScopeSegment::Name(s) = segment;
-            s.as_bytes().hash(&mut hasher);
-            output.extend_from_slice(&hasher.finish().to_be_bytes());
-        }
-        output
-    }
-}
-
-impl SymbolTrie {
-    pub fn new() -> SymbolTrie {
-        SymbolTrie(Trie::new())
-    }
-
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, fqsn: &Fqsn, def_id: DefId) {
-        self.0.insert(fqsn.clone(), def_id);
-    }
-
-    pub fn lookup(&self, fqsn: &Fqsn) -> Option<DefId> {
-        self.0.get(fqsn).cloned()
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_children(&self, fqsn: &Fqsn) -> Vec<Fqsn> {
-        let subtrie = match self.0.subtrie(fqsn) {
-            Some(s) => s,
-            None => return vec![],
-        };
-        let output: Vec<Fqsn> = subtrie.keys().filter(|cur_key| **cur_key != *fqsn).cloned().collect();
-        output
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::symbol_table::Fqsn;
-
-    fn make_fqsn(strs: &[&str]) -> Fqsn {
-        Fqsn::from_strs(strs)
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_trie_insertion() {
-        let id = DefId::default();
-        let mut trie = SymbolTrie::new();
-
-        trie.insert(&make_fqsn(&["unrelated", "thing"]), id);
-        trie.insert(&make_fqsn(&["outer", "inner"]), id);
-        trie.insert(&make_fqsn(&["outer", "inner", "still_inner"]), id);
-
-        let children = trie.get_children(&make_fqsn(&["outer", "inner"]));
-        assert_eq!(children.len(), 1);
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/test.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/symbol_table/test.rs
@ -1,314 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(test)]
-use assert_matches::assert_matches;
-
-use super::*;
-use crate::util::quick_ast;
-
-fn add_symbols(src: &str) -> (SymbolTable, Result<(), Vec<SymbolError>>) {
-    let ast = quick_ast(src);
-    let mut symbol_table = SymbolTable::new();
-    let mut type_context = crate::type_inference::TypeContext::new();
-    let result = symbol_table.process_ast(&ast, &mut type_context);
-    (symbol_table, result)
-}
-
-fn make_fqsn(strs: &[&str]) -> Fqsn {
-    Fqsn::from_strs(strs)
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn basic_symbol_table() {
-    let src = "let a = 10; fn b() { 20 }";
-    let (symbols, _) = add_symbols(src);
-
-    fn make_fqsn(strs: &[&str]) -> Fqsn {
-        Fqsn::from_strs(strs)
-    }
-
-    symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["b"])).unwrap();
-
-    let src = "type Option<T> = Some(T) | None";
-    let (symbols, _) = add_symbols(src);
-
-    symbols.types.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["Option"])).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn no_function_definition_duplicates() {
-    let source = r#"
-  fn a() { 1 }
-  fn b() { 2 }
-  fn a() { 3 }
-  "#;
-    let (_, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let errs = output.unwrap_err();
-    assert_matches!(&errs[..], [
-      SymbolError::DuplicateName { prev_name, ..}
-    ] if prev_name == &Fqsn::from_strs(&["a"])
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn no_variable_definition_duplicates() {
-    let source = r#"
-  let x = 9
-  let a = 20
-  let q = 39
-  let a = 30
-  let x = 34
-  "#;
-    let (_, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let errs = output.unwrap_err();
-
-    assert_matches!(&errs[..], [
-      SymbolError::DuplicateName { prev_name: pn1, ..},
-      SymbolError::DuplicateName { prev_name: pn2, ..}
-    ] if pn1 == &Fqsn::from_strs(&["a"]) && pn2 == &Fqsn::from_strs(&["x"])
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn no_type_definition_duplicates() {
-    let source = r#"
-  let x = 9
-  type Food = Japchae | Burrito | Other
-  type Food = GoodJapchae | Breadfruit
-  "#;
-    let (_, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let errs = output.unwrap_err();
-    let err = &errs[0];
-
-    match err {
-        SymbolError::DuplicateName { location: _, prev_name } => {
-            assert_eq!(prev_name, &Fqsn::from_strs(&["Food"]));
-
-            //TODO restore this Location test
-            //assert_eq!(location, &Location { line_num: 2, char_num: 2 });
-        }
-        _ => panic!(),
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn no_variant_duplicates() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Panda = FoolsGold | Kappa(i32) | Remix | Kappa | Thursday | Remix
-"#;
-    let (_, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let errs = output.unwrap_err();
-    assert_eq!(errs.len(), 2);
-    assert_matches!(&errs[0], SymbolError::DuplicateVariant {
-        type_fqsn, name } if *type_fqsn == Fqsn::from_strs(&["Panda"]) &&
-        name == "Kappa");
-
-    assert_matches!(&errs[1], SymbolError::DuplicateVariant {
-        type_fqsn, name } if *type_fqsn == Fqsn::from_strs(&["Panda"]) &&
-        name == "Remix");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn no_variable_definition_duplicates_in_function() {
-    let source = r#"
-  fn a() {
-    let a = 20
-    let b = 40
-    a + b
-  }
-
-  fn q() {
-    let a = 29
-    let x = 30
-    let x = 33
-  }
-  "#;
-    let (_, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let errs = output.unwrap_err();
-    assert_matches!(&errs[..], [
-      SymbolError::DuplicateName { prev_name: pn1, ..},
-    ] if pn1 == &Fqsn::from_strs(&["q", "x"])
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn dont_falsely_detect_duplicates() {
-    let source = r#"
-  let a = 20;
-  fn some_func() {
-    let a = 40;
-    77
-  }
-  let q = 39
-  "#;
-    let (symbols, _) = add_symbols(source);
-
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["a"])).is_some());
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["some_func", "a"])).is_some());
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn enclosing_scopes() {
-    let source = r#"
-fn outer_func(x) {
-fn inner_func(arg) {
-  arg
-}
-x + inner_func(x)
-}"#;
-    let (symbols, _) = add_symbols(source);
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["outer_func"])).is_some());
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["outer_func", "inner_func"])).is_some());
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn enclosing_scopes_2() {
-    let source = r#"
-fn outer_func(x) {
-fn inner_func(arg) {
-  arg
-}
-
-fn second_inner_func() {
-  fn another_inner_func() {
-  }
-}
-
-inner_func(x)
-}
-"#;
-    let (symbols, _) = add_symbols(source);
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["outer_func"])).is_some());
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["outer_func", "inner_func"])).is_some());
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["outer_func", "second_inner_func"])).is_some());
-    assert!(symbols
-        .fq_names
-        .table
-        .get(&make_fqsn(&["outer_func", "second_inner_func", "another_inner_func"]))
-        .is_some());
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn enclosing_scopes_3() {
-    let source = r#"
-fn outer_func(x) {
-
- fn inner_func(arg) {
-  arg
-}
-
-fn second_inner_func() {
-  fn another_inner_func() {
-  }
-  fn another_inner_func() {
-  }
-}
-
-inner_func(x)
-}"#;
-    let (_, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let _err = output.unwrap_err();
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn modules() {
-    let source = r#"
-module stuff {
-  fn item() {
-  }
-}
-
-fn item()
-"#;
-
-    let (symbols, _) = add_symbols(source);
-    symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["stuff"])).unwrap();
-    symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["item"])).unwrap();
-    symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["stuff", "item"])).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn duplicate_modules() {
-    let source = r#"
-    module q {
-      fn foo() { 4 }
-    }
-
-    module a {
-      fn foo() { 334 }
-    }
-
-    module a {
-      fn sarat() { 39 }
-      fn foo() { 256.1 }
-    }
-    "#;
-    let (_, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let errs = output.unwrap_err();
-
-    assert_matches!(&errs[..], [
-      SymbolError::DuplicateName { prev_name: pn1, ..},
-    ] if pn1 == &Fqsn::from_strs(&["a"])
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn duplicate_struct_members() {
-    let source = r#"
-      type Tarak = Tarak {
-        loujet: i32
-        ,
-        mets: i32,
-        mets: i32
-        ,
-      }
-    "#;
-
-    let (_, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let errs = dbg!(output.unwrap_err());
-    assert_matches!(&errs[..], [
-      SymbolError::DuplicateRecord {
-        type_fqsn, member, record, ..},
-    ] if type_fqsn == &Fqsn::from_strs(&["Tarak"]) && member == "mets" && record == "Tarak"
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn method_definition_added_to_symbol_table() {
-    let source = r#"
-
-type Foo = { x: Int, y: Int }
-
-impl Foo {
-    fn hella() {
-        let a = 50
-        self.x + a
-    }
-}
-"#;
-    let (symbols, _) = add_symbols(source);
-    symbols.debug();
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["<impl-block>Foo", "hella"])).is_some());
-    assert!(symbols.fq_names.table.get(&make_fqsn(&["<impl-block>Foo", "hella", "a"])).is_some());
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn duplicate_method_definitions_detected() {
-    let source = r#"
-
-type Foo = { x: Int, y: Int }
-
-impl Foo {
-    fn hella() {
-        self.x + 50
-    }
-
-    fn hella() {
-        self.x + 40
-    }
-}
-"#;
-    let (_symbols, output) = add_symbols(source);
-    let errs = output.unwrap_err();
-    assert_matches!(&errs[..], [
-      SymbolError::DuplicateName { prev_name: pn1, ..},
-    ] if pn1 == &Fqsn::from_strs(&["<impl-block>Foo", "hella"]));
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/tokenizing.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/tokenizing.rs
@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::iter::{Iterator, Peekable};
+use std::fmt;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub enum TokenType {
+  Newline, Semicolon,
+
+  LParen, RParen,
+  LSquareBracket, RSquareBracket,
+  LAngleBracket, RAngleBracket,
+  LCurlyBrace, RCurlyBrace,
+  Pipe,
+
+  Comma, Period, Colon, Underscore,
+  Slash,
+
+  Operator(Rc<String>),
+  DigitGroup(Rc<String>), HexLiteral(Rc<String>), BinNumberSigil,
+  StrLiteral(Rc<String>),
+  Identifier(Rc<String>),
+  Keyword(Kw),
+
+  EOF,
+
+  Error(String),
+}
+use self::TokenType::*;
+
+impl fmt::Display for TokenType {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    match self {
+      &Operator(ref s) => write!(f, "Operator({})", **s),
+      &DigitGroup(ref s) => write!(f, "DigitGroup({})", s),
+      &HexLiteral(ref s) => write!(f, "HexLiteral({})", s),
+      &StrLiteral(ref s) => write!(f, "StrLiteral({})", s),
+      &Identifier(ref s) => write!(f, "Identifier({})", s),
+      &Error(ref s) => write!(f, "Error({})", s),
+      other => write!(f, "{:?}", other),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Kw {
+  If, Then, Else,
+  Is,
+  Func,
+  For, While,
+  Match,
+  Const, Let, In,
+  Mut,
+  Return,
+  Alias, Type, SelfType, SelfIdent,
+  Interface, Impl,
+  True, False,
+  Module
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+  static ref KEYWORDS: HashMap<&'static str, Kw> =
+    hashmap! {
+      "if" => Kw::If,
+      "then" => Kw::Then,
+      "else" => Kw::Else,
+      "is" => Kw::Is,
+      "fn" => Kw::Func,
+      "for" => Kw::For,
+      "while" => Kw::While,
+      "const" => Kw::Const,
+      "let" => Kw::Let,
+      "in" => Kw::In,
+      "mut" => Kw::Mut,
+      "return" => Kw::Return,
+      "alias" => Kw::Alias,
+      "type" => Kw::Type,
+      "Self" => Kw::SelfType,
+      "self" => Kw::SelfIdent,
+      "interface" => Kw::Interface,
+      "impl" => Kw::Impl,
+      "true" => Kw::True,
+      "false" => Kw::False,
+      "module" => Kw::Module,
+    };
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Token {
+  pub token_type: TokenType,
+  pub offset: (usize, usize),
+}
+
+impl Token {
+  pub fn get_error(&self) -> Option<String> {
+    match self.token_type {
+      TokenType::Error(ref s) => Some(s.clone()),
+      _ => None,
+    }
+  }
+  pub fn to_string_with_metadata(&self) -> String {
+    format!("{}(L:{},c:{})", self.token_type, self.offset.0, self.offset.1)
+  }
+}
+
+const OPERATOR_CHARS: [char; 18] = ['!', '$', '%', '&', '*', '+', '-', '.', ':', '<', '>', '=', '?', '@', '^', '|', '~', '`'];
+fn is_operator(c: &char) -> bool {
+  OPERATOR_CHARS.iter().any(|x| x == c)
+}
+
+type CharData = (usize, usize, char);
+
+pub fn tokenize(input: &str) -> Vec<Token> {
+  let mut tokens: Vec<Token> = Vec::new();
+
+  let mut input  = input.lines().enumerate()
+      .intersperse((0, "\n"))
+      .flat_map(|(line_idx, ref line)| {
+          line.chars().enumerate().map(move |(ch_idx, ch)| (line_idx, ch_idx, ch))
+      })
+      .peekable();
+
+  while let Some((line_idx, ch_idx, c)) = input.next() {
+    let cur_tok_type = match c {
+      '/' => match input.peek().map(|t| t.2) {
+        Some('/') => {
+          while let Some((_, _, c)) = input.next() {
+            if c == '\n' {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          continue;
+        },
+        Some('*') => {
+          input.next();
+          let mut comment_level = 1;
+          while let Some((_, _, c)) = input.next() {
+            if c == '*'  && input.peek().map(|t| t.2) == Some('/') {
+              input.next();
+              comment_level -= 1;
+            } else if c == '/' && input.peek().map(|t| t.2) == Some('*') {
+              input.next();
+              comment_level += 1;
+            }
+            if comment_level == 0 {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          continue;
+        },
+        _ => Slash
+      },
+      c if c.is_whitespace() && c != '\n' => continue,
+      '\n' => Newline, ';' => Semicolon,
+      ':' => Colon, ',' => Comma,
+      '(' => LParen, ')' => RParen,
+      '{' => LCurlyBrace, '}' => RCurlyBrace,
+      '[' => LSquareBracket, ']' => RSquareBracket,
+      '"' => handle_quote(&mut input),
+      c if c.is_digit(10) => handle_digit(c, &mut input),
+      c if c.is_alphabetic() || c == '_' => handle_alphabetic(c, &mut input), //TODO I'll probably have to rewrite this if I care about types being uppercase, also type parameterization
+      c if is_operator(&c) => handle_operator(c, &mut input),
+      unknown => Error(format!("Unexpected character: {}", unknown)),
+    };
+    tokens.push(Token { token_type: cur_tok_type, offset: (line_idx, ch_idx) });
+  }
+  tokens
+}
+
+fn handle_digit(c: char, input: &mut Peekable<impl Iterator<Item=CharData>>) -> TokenType {
+  if c == '0' && input.peek().map_or(false, |&(_, _, c)| { c == 'x' }) {
+    input.next();
+    let rest: String = input.peeking_take_while(|&(_, _, ref c)| c.is_digit(16) || *c == '_').map(|(_, _, c)| { c }).collect();
+    HexLiteral(Rc::new(rest))
+  } else if c == '0' && input.peek().map_or(false, |&(_, _, c)| { c == 'b' }) {
+    input.next();
+    BinNumberSigil
+  } else {
+    let mut buf = c.to_string();
+    buf.extend(input.peeking_take_while(|&(_, _, ref c)| c.is_digit(10)).map(|(_, _, c)| { c }));
+    DigitGroup(Rc::new(buf))
+  }
+}
+
+fn handle_quote(input: &mut Peekable<impl Iterator<Item=CharData>>) -> TokenType {
+  let mut buf = String::new();
+  loop {
+    match input.next().map(|(_, _, c)| { c }) {
+      Some('"') => break,
+      Some('\\') => {
+        let next = input.peek().map(|&(_, _, c)| { c });
+        if next == Some('n') {
+          input.next();
+          buf.push('\n')
+        } else if next == Some('"') {
+          input.next();
+          buf.push('"');
+        } else if next == Some('t') {
+          input.next();
+          buf.push('\t');
+        }
+      },
+      Some(c) => buf.push(c),
+      None => return TokenType::Error(format!("Unclosed string")),
+    }
+  }
+  TokenType::StrLiteral(Rc::new(buf))
+}
+
+fn handle_alphabetic(c: char, input: &mut Peekable<impl Iterator<Item=CharData>>) -> TokenType {
+  let mut buf = String::new();
+  buf.push(c);
+  if c == '_' && input.peek().map(|&(_, _, c)| { !c.is_alphabetic() }).unwrap_or(true) {
+    return TokenType::Underscore
+  }
+
+  loop {
+    match input.peek().map(|&(_, _, c)| { c }) {
+      Some(c) if c.is_alphanumeric() => {
+        input.next();
+        buf.push(c);
+      },
+      _ => break,
+    }
+  }
+
+  match KEYWORDS.get(buf.as_str()) {
+    Some(kw) => TokenType::Keyword(*kw),
+    None => TokenType::Identifier(Rc::new(buf)),
+  }
+}
+
+fn handle_operator(c: char, input: &mut Peekable<impl Iterator<Item=CharData>>) -> TokenType {
+  match c {
+    '<' | '>' | '|' | '.' => {
+      let ref next = input.peek().map(|&(_, _, c)| { c });
+      if !next.map(|n| { is_operator(&n) }).unwrap_or(false) {
+        return match c {
+          '<' => LAngleBracket,
+          '>' => RAngleBracket,
+          '|' => Pipe,
+          '.' => Period,
+          _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    _ => (),
+  };
+
+  let mut buf = String::new();
+
+  if c == '`' {
+    loop {
+      match input.peek().map(|&(_, _, c)| { c }) {
+        Some(c) if c.is_alphabetic() || c == '_' => {
+          input.next();
+          buf.push(c);
+        },
+        Some('`') => {
+          input.next();
+          break;
+        },
+        _ => break
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    buf.push(c);
+    loop {
+      match input.peek().map(|&(_, _, c)| { c }) {
+        Some(c) if is_operator(&c) => {
+          input.next();
+          buf.push(c);
+        },
+        _ => break
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  TokenType::Operator(Rc::new(buf))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod schala_tokenizer_tests {
+  use super::*;
+  use super::Kw::*;
+
+  macro_rules! digit { ($ident:expr) => { DigitGroup(Rc::new($ident.to_string())) } }
+  macro_rules! ident { ($ident:expr) => { Identifier(Rc::new($ident.to_string())) } }
+  macro_rules! op { ($ident:expr) => { Operator(Rc::new($ident.to_string())) } }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn tokens() {
+    let a = tokenize("let a: A<B> = c ++ d");
+    let token_types: Vec<TokenType> = a.into_iter().map(move |t| t.token_type).collect();
+    assert_eq!(token_types, vec![Keyword(Let), ident!("a"), Colon, ident!("A"),
+      LAngleBracket, ident!("B"), RAngleBracket, op!("="), ident!("c"), op!("++"), ident!("d")]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn underscores() {
+    let token_types: Vec<TokenType> = tokenize("4_8").into_iter().map(move |t| t.token_type).collect();
+    assert_eq!(token_types, vec![digit!("4"), Underscore, digit!("8")]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn comments() {
+    let token_types: Vec<TokenType> = tokenize("1  + /* hella /* bro */ */ 2").into_iter().map(move |t| t.token_type).collect();
+    assert_eq!(token_types, vec![digit!("1"), op!("+"), digit!("2")]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn backtick_operators() {
+    let token_types: Vec<TokenType> = tokenize("1 `plus` 2").into_iter().map(move |t| t.token_type).collect();
+    assert_eq!(token_types, vec![digit!("1"), op!("plus"), digit!("2")]);
+  }
+}
--- a/schala-lang/src/tree_walk_eval/evaluator.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/tree_walk_eval/evaluator.rs
@ -1,513 +0,0 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-use super::{EvalResult, Memory, MemoryValue, Primitive, State};
-use crate::{
-    builtin::Builtin,
-    reduced_ir::{
-        Alternative, Callable, Expression, FunctionDefinition, Literal, Lookup, Pattern, ReducedIR, Statement,
-    },
-    type_inference::TypeContext,
-    util::ScopeStack,
-};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum StatementOutput {
-    Primitive(Primitive),
-    Nothing,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-enum LoopControlFlow {
-    Break,
-    Continue,
-}
-
-pub struct Evaluator<'a, 'b> {
-    type_context: &'b TypeContext,
-    state: &'b mut State<'a>,
-    early_returning: bool,
-    loop_control: Option<LoopControlFlow>,
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'b> Evaluator<'a, 'b> {
-    pub(crate) fn new(state: &'b mut State<'a>, type_context: &'b TypeContext) -> Self {
-        Self { state, type_context, early_returning: false, loop_control: None }
-    }
-
-    pub fn evaluate(&mut self, reduced: ReducedIR, repl: bool) -> Vec<Result<String, String>> {
-        let mut acc = vec![];
-        for (def_id, function) in reduced.functions.into_iter() {
-            let mem = (&def_id).into();
-            self.state.memory.insert(mem, MemoryValue::Function(function));
-        }
-
-        for statement in reduced.entrypoint.into_iter() {
-            match self.statement(statement) {
-                Ok(StatementOutput::Primitive(output)) if repl =>
-                    acc.push(Ok(output.to_repl(self.type_context))),
-                Ok(_) => (),
-                Err(error) => {
-                    acc.push(Err(error.msg));
-                    return acc;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        acc
-    }
-
-    fn block(&mut self, statements: Vec<Statement>) -> EvalResult<Primitive> {
-        let mut retval = None;
-        for stmt in statements.into_iter() {
-            match self.statement(stmt)? {
-                StatementOutput::Nothing => (),
-                StatementOutput::Primitive(prim) => {
-                    retval = Some(prim);
-                }
-            };
-            if self.early_returning {
-                break;
-            }
-            if self.loop_control.is_some() {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(if let Some(ret) = retval { ret } else { self.expression(Expression::unit())? })
-    }
-
-    fn statement(&mut self, stmt: Statement) -> EvalResult<StatementOutput> {
-        match stmt {
-            Statement::Binding { ref id, expr, constant: _ } => {
-                let evaluated = self.expression(expr)?;
-                self.state.memory.insert(id.into(), evaluated.into());
-                Ok(StatementOutput::Nothing)
-            }
-            Statement::Expression(expr) => {
-                let evaluated = self.expression(expr)?;
-                Ok(StatementOutput::Primitive(evaluated))
-            }
-            Statement::Return(expr) => {
-                let evaluated = self.expression(expr)?;
-                self.early_returning = true;
-                Ok(StatementOutput::Primitive(evaluated))
-            }
-            Statement::Break => {
-                self.loop_control = Some(LoopControlFlow::Break);
-                Ok(StatementOutput::Nothing)
-            }
-            Statement::Continue => {
-                self.loop_control = Some(LoopControlFlow::Continue);
-                Ok(StatementOutput::Nothing)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn expression(&mut self, expression: Expression) -> EvalResult<Primitive> {
-        Ok(match expression {
-            Expression::Literal(lit) => Primitive::Literal(lit),
-            Expression::Tuple(items) => Primitive::Tuple(
-                items
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|expr| self.expression(expr))
-                    .collect::<EvalResult<Vec<Primitive>>>()?,
-            ),
-            Expression::List(items) => Primitive::List(
-                items
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|expr| self.expression(expr))
-                    .collect::<EvalResult<Vec<Primitive>>>()?,
-            ),
-            Expression::Lookup(kind) => match kind {
-                Lookup::Function(ref id) => {
-                    let mem = id.into();
-                    match self.state.memory.lookup(&mem) {
-                        // This just checks that the function exists in "memory" by ID, we don't
-                        // actually retrieve it until `apply_function()`
-                        Some(MemoryValue::Function(_)) => Primitive::Callable(Callable::UserDefined(*id)),
-                        x => return Err(format!("Function not found for id: {} : {:?}", id, x).into()),
-                    }
-                }
-                Lookup::Param(n) => {
-                    let mem = n.into();
-                    match self.state.memory.lookup(&mem) {
-                        Some(MemoryValue::Primitive(prim)) => prim.clone(),
-                        e => return Err(format!("Param lookup error, got {:?}", e).into()),
-                    }
-                }
-                Lookup::SelfParam => {
-                    let mem = Memory::self_param();
-                    match self.state.memory.lookup(&mem) {
-                        Some(MemoryValue::Primitive(prim)) => prim.clone(),
-                        e => return Err(format!("SelfParam lookup error, got {:?}", e).into()),
-                    }
-                }
-                Lookup::LocalVar(ref id) | Lookup::GlobalVar(ref id) => {
-                    let mem = id.into();
-                    match self.state.memory.lookup(&mem) {
-                        Some(MemoryValue::Primitive(expr)) => expr.clone(),
-                        _ =>
-                            return Err(
-                                format!("Nothing found for local/gloval variable lookup {}", id).into()
-                            ),
-                    }
-                }
-            },
-            Expression::Assign { ref lval, box rval } => {
-                let mem = lval.into();
-                let evaluated = self.expression(rval)?;
-                println!("Inserting {:?} into {:?}", evaluated, mem);
-                self.state.memory.insert(mem, MemoryValue::Primitive(evaluated));
-                Primitive::unit()
-            }
-            Expression::Call { box f, args } => self.call_expression(f, args, None)?,
-            Expression::CallMethod { box f, args, box self_expr } =>
-                self.call_expression(f, args, Some(self_expr))?,
-            Expression::Callable(Callable::DataConstructor { type_id, tag }) => {
-                let arity = self.type_context.lookup_variant_arity(&type_id, tag).unwrap();
-                if arity == 0 {
-                    Primitive::Object { type_id, tag, items: vec![], ordered_fields: None }
-                } else {
-                    Primitive::Callable(Callable::DataConstructor { type_id, tag })
-                }
-            }
-            Expression::Callable(func) => Primitive::Callable(func),
-            Expression::Conditional { box cond, then_clause, else_clause } => {
-                let cond = self.expression(cond)?;
-                match cond {
-                    Primitive::Literal(Literal::Bool(true)) => self.block(then_clause)?,
-                    Primitive::Literal(Literal::Bool(false)) => self.block(else_clause)?,
-                    v => return Err(format!("Non-boolean value {:?} in if-statement", v).into()),
-                }
-            }
-            Expression::CaseMatch { box cond, alternatives } =>
-                self.case_match_expression(cond, alternatives)?,
-            Expression::Index { box indexee, box indexer } => {
-                let indexee = self.expression(indexee)?;
-                let indexer = self.expression(indexer)?;
-                match (indexee, indexer) {
-                    (Primitive::List(items), Primitive::Literal(Literal::Nat(n))) =>
-                        match items.get(n as usize) {
-                            Some(item) => item.clone(),
-                            None => return Err(format!("Invalid index {} for this value", n).into()),
-                        },
-                    _ => return Err("Invalid index type".to_string().into()),
-                }
-            }
-            Expression::Loop { box cond, statements } => self.loop_expression(cond, statements)?,
-            Expression::ReductionError(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-            Expression::Access { name, box expr } => {
-                let expr = self.expression(expr)?;
-                match expr {
-                    Primitive::Object { items, ordered_fields: Some(ordered_fields), .. } => {
-                        let idx = match ordered_fields.iter().position(|s| s == &name) {
-                            Some(idx) => idx,
-                            None => return Err(format!("Field `{}` not found", name).into()),
-                        };
-
-                        let item = match items.get(idx) {
-                            Some(item) => item,
-                            None => return Err(format!("Field lookup `{}` failed", name).into()),
-                        };
-
-                        item.clone()
-                    }
-                    e =>
-                        return Err(
-                            format!("Trying to do a field lookup on a non-object value: {:?}", e).into()
-                        ),
-                }
-            }
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn loop_expression(&mut self, cond: Expression, statements: Vec<Statement>) -> EvalResult<Primitive> {
-        let existing = self.loop_control;
-        let output = self.loop_expression_inner(cond, statements);
-        self.loop_control = existing;
-        output
-    }
-
-    fn loop_expression_inner(
-        &mut self,
-        cond: Expression,
-        statements: Vec<Statement>,
-    ) -> EvalResult<Primitive> {
-        loop {
-            let cond = self.expression(cond.clone())?;
-            println!("COND: {:?}", cond);
-            match cond {
-                Primitive::Literal(Literal::Bool(true)) => (),
-                Primitive::Literal(Literal::Bool(false)) => break,
-                e => return Err(format!("Loop condition evaluates to non-boolean: {:?}", e).into()),
-            };
-            //TODO eventually loops shoudl be able to return something
-            let _output = self.block(statements.clone())?;
-            match self.loop_control {
-                None => (),
-                Some(LoopControlFlow::Continue) => {
-                    self.loop_control = None;
-                }
-                Some(LoopControlFlow::Break) => {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(Primitive::unit())
-    }
-
-    fn case_match_expression(
-        &mut self,
-        cond: Expression,
-        alternatives: Vec<Alternative>,
-    ) -> EvalResult<Primitive> {
-        fn matches(scrut: &Primitive, pat: &Pattern, scope: &mut ScopeStack<Memory, MemoryValue>) -> bool {
-            match pat {
-                Pattern::Ignored => true,
-                Pattern::Binding(ref def_id) => {
-                    let mem = def_id.into();
-                    scope.insert(mem, MemoryValue::Primitive(scrut.clone())); //TODO make sure this doesn't cause problems with nesting
-                    true
-                }
-                Pattern::Literal(pat_literal) =>
-                    if let Primitive::Literal(scrut_literal) = scrut {
-                        pat_literal == scrut_literal
-                    } else {
-                        false
-                    },
-                Pattern::Tuple { subpatterns, tag } => match tag {
-                    None => match scrut {
-                        Primitive::Tuple(items) if items.len() == subpatterns.len() => items
-                            .iter()
-                            .zip(subpatterns.iter())
-                            .all(|(item, subpat)| matches(item, subpat, scope)),
-                        _ => false, //TODO should be a type error
-                    },
-                    Some(pattern_tag) => match scrut {
-                        //TODO should test type_ids for runtime type checking, once those work
-                        Primitive::Object { tag, items, .. }
-                            if tag == pattern_tag && items.len() == subpatterns.len() =>
-                            items
-                                .iter()
-                                .zip(subpatterns.iter())
-                                .all(|(item, subpat)| matches(item, subpat, scope)),
-                        _ => false,
-                    },
-                },
-                Pattern::Record { tag: pattern_tag, subpatterns } => match scrut {
-                    //TODO several types of possible error here
-                    Primitive::Object { tag, items, ordered_fields: Some(ordered_fields), .. }
-                        if tag == pattern_tag =>
-                        subpatterns.iter().all(|(field_name, subpat)| {
-                            let idx = ordered_fields
-                                .iter()
-                                .position(|field| field.as_str() == field_name.as_ref())
-                                .unwrap();
-                            let item = &items[idx];
-                            matches(item, subpat, scope)
-                        }),
-                    _ => false,
-                },
-            }
-        }
-        let cond = self.expression(cond)?;
-
-        for alt in alternatives.into_iter() {
-            let mut new_scope = self.state.memory.new_scope(None);
-            if matches(&cond, &alt.pattern, &mut new_scope) {
-                let mut new_state = State { memory: new_scope };
-                let mut evaluator = Evaluator::new(&mut new_state, self.type_context);
-                let output = evaluator.block(alt.item);
-                self.early_returning = evaluator.early_returning;
-                return output;
-            }
-        }
-        Err("No valid match in match expression".into())
-    }
-
-    //TODO need to do something with self_expr to make method invocations actually work
-    fn call_expression(
-        &mut self,
-        f: Expression,
-        args: Vec<Expression>,
-        self_expr: Option<Expression>,
-    ) -> EvalResult<Primitive> {
-        let func = match self.expression(f)? {
-            Primitive::Callable(func) => func,
-            other => return Err(format!("Trying to call non-function value: {:?}", other).into()),
-        };
-        match func {
-            Callable::Builtin(builtin) => self.apply_builtin(builtin, args),
-            Callable::UserDefined(def_id) => {
-                let mem = (&def_id).into();
-                match self.state.memory.lookup(&mem) {
-                    Some(MemoryValue::Function(FunctionDefinition { body })) => {
-                        let body = body.clone(); //TODO ideally this clone would not happen
-                        self.apply_function(body, args, self_expr)
-                    }
-                    e => Err(format!("Error looking up function with id {}: {:?}", def_id, e).into()),
-                }
-            }
-            Callable::Lambda { arity, body } => {
-                if arity as usize != args.len() {
-                    return Err(format!(
-                        "Lambda expression requries {} arguments, only {} provided",
-                        arity,
-                        args.len()
-                    )
-                    .into());
-                }
-                self.apply_function(body, args, None)
-            }
-            Callable::DataConstructor { type_id, tag } => {
-                let arity = self.type_context.lookup_variant_arity(&type_id, tag).unwrap();
-                if arity as usize != args.len() {
-                    return Err(format!(
-                        "Constructor expression requries {} arguments, only {} provided",
-                        arity,
-                        args.len()
-                    )
-                    .into());
-                }
-
-                let mut items: Vec<Primitive> = vec![];
-                for arg in args.into_iter() {
-                    items.push(self.expression(arg)?);
-                }
-                Ok(Primitive::Object { type_id, tag, items, ordered_fields: None })
-            }
-            Callable::RecordConstructor { type_id, tag, field_order } => {
-                //TODO maybe I'll want to do a runtime check of the evaluated fields
-                /*
-                let record_members = self.type_context.lookup_record_members(type_id, tag)
-                    .ok_or(format!("Runtime record lookup for: {} {} not found", type_id, tag).into())?;
-                */
-
-                let mut items: Vec<Primitive> = vec![];
-                for arg in args.into_iter() {
-                    items.push(self.expression(arg)?);
-                }
-                Ok(Primitive::Object { type_id, tag, items, ordered_fields: Some(field_order) })
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn apply_builtin(&mut self, builtin: Builtin, args: Vec<Expression>) -> EvalResult<Primitive> {
-        use Builtin::*;
-        use Literal::*;
-        use Primitive::Literal as Lit;
-
-        let evaled_args: EvalResult<Vec<Primitive>> =
-            args.into_iter().map(|arg| self.expression(arg)).collect();
-        let evaled_args = evaled_args?;
-
-        Ok(match (builtin, evaled_args.as_slice()) {
-            /* builtin functions */
-            (IOPrint, &[ref anything]) => {
-                print!("{}", anything.to_repl(self.type_context));
-                Primitive::Tuple(vec![])
-            }
-            (IOPrintLn, &[ref anything]) => {
-                println!("{}", anything.to_repl(self.type_context));
-                Primitive::Tuple(vec![])
-            }
-            (IOGetLine, &[]) => {
-                let mut buf = String::new();
-                std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut buf).expect("Error readling line in 'getline'");
-                StringLit(Rc::new(buf.trim().to_string())).into()
-            }
-            /* Binops */
-            (binop, &[ref lhs, ref rhs]) => match (binop, lhs, rhs) {
-                // TODO need a better way of handling these literals
-                (Add, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Nat(l + r).into(),
-                (Add, Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Int(r))) => Int(l + r).into(),
-                (Add, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Int(r))) => Int((*l as i64) + (*r as i64)).into(),
-                (Add, Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Int((*l as i64) + (*r as i64)).into(),
-                (Concatenate, Lit(StringLit(ref s1)), Lit(StringLit(ref s2))) =>
-                    StringLit(Rc::new(format!("{}{}", s1, s2))).into(),
-                (Subtract, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Nat(l - r).into(),
-                (Multiply, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Nat(l * r).into(),
-                (Divide, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Float((*l as f64) / (*r as f64)).into(),
-                (Quotient, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) =>
-                    if *r == 0 {
-                        return Err("Divide-by-zero error".into());
-                    } else {
-                        Nat(l / r).into()
-                    },
-                (Modulo, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Nat(l % r).into(),
-                (Exponentiation, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Nat(l ^ r).into(),
-                (BitwiseAnd, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Nat(l & r).into(),
-                (BitwiseOr, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Nat(l | r).into(),
-
-                /* comparisons */
-                (Equality, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Bool(l == r).into(),
-                (Equality, Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Int(r))) => Bool(l == r).into(),
-                (Equality, Lit(Float(l)), Lit(Float(r))) => Bool(l == r).into(),
-                (Equality, Lit(Bool(l)), Lit(Bool(r))) => Bool(l == r).into(),
-                (Equality, Lit(StringLit(ref l)), Lit(StringLit(ref r))) => Bool(l == r).into(),
-
-                (NotEqual, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Bool(l != r).into(),
-                (NotEqual, Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Int(r))) => Bool(l != r).into(),
-                (NotEqual, Lit(Float(l)), Lit(Float(r))) => Bool(l != r).into(),
-                (NotEqual, Lit(Bool(l)), Lit(Bool(r))) => Bool(l != r).into(),
-                (NotEqual, Lit(StringLit(ref l)), Lit(StringLit(ref r))) => Bool(l != r).into(),
-
-                (LessThan, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Bool(l < r).into(),
-                (LessThan, Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Int(r))) => Bool(l < r).into(),
-                (LessThan, Lit(Float(l)), Lit(Float(r))) => Bool(l < r).into(),
-
-                (LessThanOrEqual, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Bool(l <= r).into(),
-                (LessThanOrEqual, Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Int(r))) => Bool(l <= r).into(),
-                (LessThanOrEqual, Lit(Float(l)), Lit(Float(r))) => Bool(l <= r).into(),
-
-                (GreaterThan, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Bool(l > r).into(),
-                (GreaterThan, Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Int(r))) => Bool(l > r).into(),
-                (GreaterThan, Lit(Float(l)), Lit(Float(r))) => Bool(l > r).into(),
-
-                (GreaterThanOrEqual, Lit(Nat(l)), Lit(Nat(r))) => Bool(l >= r).into(),
-                (GreaterThanOrEqual, Lit(Int(l)), Lit(Int(r))) => Bool(l >= r).into(),
-                (GreaterThanOrEqual, Lit(Float(l)), Lit(Float(r))) => Bool(l >= r).into(),
-
-                (binop, lhs, rhs) =>
-                    return Err(format!("Invalid binop expression {:?} {:?} {:?}", lhs, binop, rhs).into()),
-            },
-            (prefix, &[ref arg]) => match (prefix, arg) {
-                (BooleanNot, Lit(Bool(true))) => Bool(false),
-                (BooleanNot, Lit(Bool(false))) => Bool(true),
-                (Negate, Lit(Nat(n))) => Int(-(*n as i64)),
-                (Negate, Lit(Int(n))) => Int(-(*n as i64)),
-                (Negate, Lit(Float(f))) => Float(-(*f as f64)),
-                (Increment, Lit(Int(n))) => Int(*n),
-                (Increment, Lit(Nat(n))) => Nat(*n),
-                _ => return Err("No valid prefix op".into()),
-            }
-            .into(),
-            (x, args) => return Err(format!("bad or unimplemented builtin {:?} | {:?}", x, args).into()),
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn apply_function(
-        &mut self,
-        body: Vec<Statement>,
-        args: Vec<Expression>,
-        self_expr: Option<Expression>,
-    ) -> EvalResult<Primitive> {
-        let self_expr = if let Some(expr) = self_expr { Some(self.expression(expr)?) } else { None };
-        let mut evaluated_args: Vec<Primitive> = vec![];
-        for arg in args.into_iter() {
-            evaluated_args.push(self.expression(arg)?);
-        }
-
-        let mut frame_state = State { memory: self.state.memory.new_scope(None) };
-        let mut evaluator = Evaluator::new(&mut frame_state, self.type_context);
-
-        if let Some(evaled) = self_expr {
-            let mem = Memory::self_param();
-            evaluator.state.memory.insert(mem, MemoryValue::Primitive(evaled));
-        }
-        for (n, evaled) in evaluated_args.into_iter().enumerate() {
-            let n = n as u8;
-            let mem = n.into();
-            evaluator.state.memory.insert(mem, MemoryValue::Primitive(evaled));
-        }
-        evaluator.block(body)
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/tree_walk_eval/mod.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/tree_walk_eval/mod.rs
@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-use std::{convert::From, fmt::Write};
-
-use crate::{
-    reduced_ir::{Callable, Expression, FunctionDefinition, Literal, ReducedIR},
-    symbol_table::DefId,
-    type_inference::{TypeContext, TypeId},
-    util::{delim_wrapped, ScopeStack},
-};
-
-mod evaluator;
-mod test;
-
-type EvalResult<T> = Result<T, RuntimeError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct State<'a> {
-    memory: ScopeStack<'a, Memory, MemoryValue>,
-}
-
-//TODO - eh, I dunno, maybe it doesn't matter exactly how memory works in the tree-walking
-//evaluator
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone)]
-enum Memory {
-    Index(u32),
-}
-
-impl Memory {
-    fn self_param() -> Self {
-        Memory::Index(3_999_999)
-    }
-}
-
-// This is for function param lookups, and is a hack
-impl From<u8> for Memory {
-    fn from(n: u8) -> Self {
-        Memory::Index(4_000_000 + (n as u32))
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<&DefId> for Memory {
-    fn from(id: &DefId) -> Self {
-        Self::Index(id.as_u32())
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct RuntimeError {
-    msg: String,
-}
-
-impl From<String> for RuntimeError {
-    fn from(msg: String) -> Self {
-        Self { msg }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<&str> for RuntimeError {
-    fn from(msg: &str) -> Self {
-        Self { msg: msg.to_string() }
-    }
-}
-
-impl RuntimeError {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn get_msg(&self) -> String {
-        format!("Runtime error: {}", self.msg)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Anything that can be stored in memory; that is, a function definition, or a fully-evaluated
-/// program value.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum MemoryValue {
-    Function(FunctionDefinition),
-    Primitive(Primitive),
-}
-
-impl From<Primitive> for MemoryValue {
-    fn from(prim: Primitive) -> Self {
-        Self::Primitive(prim)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum RuntimeValue {
-    Expression(Expression),
-    Evaluated(Primitive),
-}
-
-impl From<Expression> for RuntimeValue {
-    fn from(expr: Expression) -> Self {
-        Self::Expression(expr)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Primitive> for RuntimeValue {
-    fn from(prim: Primitive) -> Self {
-        Self::Evaluated(prim)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A fully-reduced value
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-enum Primitive {
-    Tuple(Vec<Primitive>),
-    List(Vec<Primitive>),
-    Literal(Literal),
-    Callable(Callable),
-    Object { type_id: TypeId, tag: u32, ordered_fields: Option<Vec<String>>, items: Vec<Primitive> },
-}
-
-impl Primitive {
-    fn to_repl(&self, type_context: &TypeContext) -> String {
-        match self {
-            Primitive::Object { type_id, items, tag, ordered_fields: _ } if items.is_empty() =>
-                type_context.variant_local_name(type_id, *tag).unwrap().to_string(),
-            Primitive::Object { type_id, items, tag, ordered_fields: None } => {
-                format!(
-                    "{}{}",
-                    type_context.variant_local_name(type_id, *tag).unwrap(),
-                    delim_wrapped('(', ')', items.iter().map(|item| item.to_repl(type_context)))
-                )
-            }
-            Primitive::Object { type_id, items, tag, ordered_fields: Some(fields) } => {
-                let mut buf = format!("{} {{ ", type_context.variant_local_name(type_id, *tag).unwrap());
-                for item in fields.iter().zip(items.iter()).map(Some).intersperse(None) {
-                    match item {
-                        Some((name, val)) => write!(buf, "{}: {}", name, val.to_repl(type_context)).unwrap(),
-                        None => write!(buf, ", ").unwrap(),
-                    }
-                }
-                write!(buf, " }}").unwrap();
-                buf
-            }
-            Primitive::Literal(lit) => match lit {
-                Literal::Nat(n) => format!("{}", n),
-                Literal::Int(i) => format!("{}", i),
-                Literal::Float(f) => format!("{}", f),
-                Literal::Bool(b) => format!("{}", b),
-                Literal::StringLit(s) => format!("\"{}\"", s),
-            },
-            Primitive::Tuple(terms) => delim_wrapped('(', ')', terms.iter().map(|x| x.to_repl(type_context))),
-            Primitive::List(terms) => delim_wrapped('[', ']', terms.iter().map(|x| x.to_repl(type_context))),
-            Primitive::Callable(..) => "<some-callable>".to_string(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn unit() -> Self {
-        Primitive::Tuple(vec![])
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Literal> for Primitive {
-    fn from(lit: Literal) -> Self {
-        Primitive::Literal(lit)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> State<'a> {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { memory: ScopeStack::new(Some("global".to_string())) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn evaluate(
-        &mut self,
-        reduced: ReducedIR,
-        type_context: &TypeContext,
-        repl: bool,
-    ) -> Vec<Result<String, String>> {
-        let mut evaluator = evaluator::Evaluator::new(self, type_context);
-        evaluator.evaluate(reduced, repl)
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/tree_walk_eval/test.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/tree_walk_eval/test.rs
@ -1,564 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(test)]
-use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
-use test_case::test_case;
-
-use crate::{
-    symbol_table::SymbolTable,
-    tree_walk_eval::{evaluator::Evaluator, State},
-    type_inference::TypeContext,
-};
-
-fn evaluate_input(input: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    let ast = crate::util::quick_ast(input);
-    let mut symbol_table = SymbolTable::new();
-    let mut type_context = TypeContext::new();
-
-    symbol_table.process_ast(&ast, &mut type_context).unwrap();
-
-    let reduced_ir = crate::reduced_ir::reduce(&ast, &symbol_table, &type_context);
-    reduced_ir.debug(&symbol_table);
-    println!("========");
-    symbol_table.debug();
-
-    let mut state = State::new();
-    let mut evaluator = Evaluator::new(&mut state, &type_context);
-    let mut outputs = evaluator.evaluate(reduced_ir, true);
-    outputs.pop().unwrap()
-}
-
-fn eval_assert(input: &str, expected: &str) {
-    assert_eq!(evaluate_input(input), Ok(expected.to_string()));
-}
-
-fn eval_assert_failure(input: &str, expected: &str) {
-    assert_eq!(evaluate_input(input), Err(expected.to_string()));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_basic_eval() {
-    eval_assert("1 + 2", "3");
-    eval_assert("let mut a = 1; a = 2", "()");
-    eval_assert("let mut a = 1; a = a + 2; a", "3");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn op_eval() {
-    eval_assert("-13", "-13");
-    eval_assert("10 - 2", "8");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn function_eval() {
-    eval_assert("fn oi(x) { x + 1 }; oi(4)", "5");
-    eval_assert("fn oi(x) { x + 1 }; oi(1+2)", "4");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn scopes() {
-    let scope_ok = r#"
-    let a = 20
-    fn haha() {
-      let something = 38
-      let a = 10
-      a
-    }
-    haha()
-    "#;
-
-    eval_assert(scope_ok, "10");
-
-    let scope_ok = r#"
-    let a = 20
-    fn queque() {
-      let a = 10
-      a
-    }
-    a
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(scope_ok, "20");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn eval_scopes_2() {
-    eval_assert(
-        r#"
-fn trad() {
-    let a = 10
-    fn jinner() {
-        let b = 20
-        b
-    }
-
-    a + jinner()
-}
-trad()"#,
-        "30",
-    );
-
-    let err = "No symbol found for name: `a`";
-
-    eval_assert_failure(
-        r#"
-fn trad() {
-    let a = 10
-    fn inner() {
-        let b = 20
-        a + b
-    }
-
-    inner()
-}
-
-trad()
-"#,
-        err,
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn adt_output_1() {
-    let source = r#"
-
-type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
-let a = Option::None
-let b = Option::Some(10)
-(b, a)
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "(Some(10), None)");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn adt_output_2() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Gobble = Unknown | Rufus { a: Int, torrid: Nat }
-let b = Gobble::Rufus { a: 3, torrid: 99 }
-b
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "Rufus { a: 3, torrid: 99 }");
-
-    let source = r#"
-type Gobble = Unknown | Rufus { a: Int, torrid: Nat }
-let b = Gobble::Rufus { torrid: 3, a: 84 }
-b
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "Rufus { a: 84, torrid: 3 }");
-
-    let source = r#"
-type Gobble = Unknown | Rufus { a: Int, torrid: Nat }
-let b = Gobble::Rufus { a: 84 }
-b
-    "#;
-    eval_assert_failure(source, "Field torrid not specified for record Gobble::Rufus");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn basic_if_statement() {
-    let source = r#"
-    let a = 10
-    let b = 10
-    if a == b then { 69 } else { 420 }
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "69");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn basic_patterns_1() {
-    let source = r#"
-let x = 10
-let a = if x is 10 then { 255 } else { 256 }
-let b = if 23 is 99 then { 255 } else { 256 }
-let c = if true is false then { 9 } else { 10 }
-let d = if "xxx" is "yyy" then { 20 } else { 30 }
-(a, b, c, d)
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "(255, 256, 10, 30)");
-}
-
-#[test_case("sanchez", "1")]
-#[test_case("mouri", "2")]
-#[test_case("hella", "3")]
-#[test_case("cyrus", "4")]
-fn basic_patterns_2(input: &str, expected: &str) {
-    let mut source = format!(r#"let x = "{}""#, input);
-    source.push_str(
-        r#"
-if x {
-    is "sanchez" then 1
-    is "mouri" then 2
-    is "hella" then 3
-    is _ then 4
-}
-"#,
-    );
-    eval_assert(&source, expected);
-}
-
-#[test_case(r#"(45, "panda", false, 2.2)"#, r#""yes""#)]
-#[test_case(r#"(99, "panda", false, -2.45)"#, r#""maybe""#)]
-fn tuple_patterns(input: &str, expected: &str) {
-    let mut source = format!("let x = {}", input);
-    source.push_str(
-        r#"
-if x {
-    is (45, "pablo", _, 28.4) then "no"
-    is (_, "panda", _, 2.2) then "yes"
-    is _ then "maybe"
-}"#,
-    );
-
-    eval_assert(&source, expected);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn record_patterns_1() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Ara = Kueh { a: Int, b: String } | Morbuk
-
-let alpha = Ara::Kueh { a: 10, b: "sanchez" }
-if alpha {
-    is Ara::Kueh { a, b } then (b, a)
-    is _ then ("nooo", 8888)
-}"#;
-    eval_assert(source, r#"("sanchez", 10)"#);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn record_patterns_2() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Ara = Kueh { a: Int, b: String } | Morbuk
-
-let alpha = Ara::Kueh { a: 10, b: "sanchez" }
-if alpha {
-    is Ara::Kueh { a, b: le_value } then (le_value, (a*2))
-    is _ then ("nooo", 8888)
-}"#;
-    eval_assert(source, r#"("sanchez", 20)"#);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn record_patterns_3() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Vstsavlobs = { tkveni: Int, b: Ia }
-type Ia = { sitqva: Int, ghmerts: String }
-let b = Vstsavlobs { tkveni: 3, b: Ia::Ia { sitqva: 5, ghmerts: "ooo" } }
-if b {
-    is Vstsavlobs::Vstsavlobs { tkveni: _, b: Ia::Ia { sitqva, ghmerts } } then sitqva
-    is _ then 5000
-}"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "5");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn if_is_patterns() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
-let q = "a string"
-let x = Option::Some(9); if x is Option::Some(q) then { q } else { 0 }"#;
-
-    eval_assert(source, "9");
-
-    let source = r#"
-type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
-let q = "a string"
-let outer = 2
-let x = Option::None; if x is Option::Some(q) then { q } else { -2 + outer }"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "0");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn full_if_matching() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
-let a = Option::None
-if a { is Option::None then 4; is Option::Some(x) then x }
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "4");
-
-    let source = r#"
-type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
-let sara = Option::Some(99)
-if sara { is Option::None then 1 + 3; is Option::Some(x) then x }
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "99");
-
-    let source = r#"
-let a = 10
-if a { is 10 then "x"; is 4 then "y" }
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "\"x\"");
-
-    let source = r#"
-let a = 10
-if a { is 15 then "x"; is 10 then "y" }
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "\"y\"");
-}
-
-//TODO - I can probably cut down some of these
-#[test]
-fn string_pattern() {
-    let source = r#"
-let a = "foo"
-if a { is "foo" then "x"; is _ then "y" }
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "\"x\"");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn boolean_pattern() {
-    let source = r#"
-let a = true
-if a {
-  is true then "x"
-  is false then "y"
-}
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "\"x\"");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn boolean_pattern_2() {
-    let source = r#"
-let a = false
-if a { is true then "x"; is false then "y" }
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "\"y\"");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn ignore_pattern() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
-if Option::Some(10) {
-  is _ then "hella"
-}
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "\"hella\"");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn tuple_pattern() {
-    let source = r#"
-if (1, 2) {
-  is (1, x) then x;
-  is _ then 99
-}
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "2");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn tuple_pattern_2() {
-    let source = r#"
-if (1, 2) {
-  is (10, x) then x
-  is (y, x) then x + y
-}
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "3");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn tuple_pattern_3() {
-    let source = r#"
-if (1, 5) {
-  is (10, x) then x
-  is (1, x) then x
-}
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "5");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn tuple_pattern_4() {
-    let source = r#"
-if (1, 5) {
-  is (10, x) then x
-  is (1, x) then x
-}
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "5");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn prim_obj_pattern() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Stuff = Mulch(Nat) | Jugs(Nat, String) | Mardok
-let a = Stuff::Mulch(20)
-let b = Stuff::Jugs(1, "haha")
-let c = Stuff::Mardok
-
-let x = if a {
-  is Stuff::Mulch(20) then "x"
-  is _ then "ERR"
-}
-
-let y = if b {
-  is Stuff::Mulch(n) then "ERR"
-  is Stuff::Jugs(2, _) then "ERR"
-  is Stuff::Jugs(1, s) then s
-  is _ then "ERR"
-}
-
-let z = if c {
-  is Stuff::Jugs(_, _) then "ERR"
-  is Stuff::Mardok then "NIGH"
-  is _ then "ERR"
-}
-
-(x, y, z)
-"#;
-    eval_assert(source, r#"("x", "haha", "NIGH")"#);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn basic_lambda_evaluation_1() {
-    let source = r#"
-let q = \(x, y) { x * y }
-let x = q(5, 2)
-let y = \(m, n, o) { m + n + o }(1,2,3)
-(x, y)
-"#;
-
-    eval_assert(source, r"(10, 6)");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn basic_lambda_evaluation_2() {
-    let source = r#"
-fn milta() {
-  \(x) { x + 33 }
-}
-milta()(10)
-  "#;
-
-    eval_assert(source, "43");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn import_all() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Option<T> = Some(T) | None
-import Option::*
-let x = Some(9); if x is Some(q) then { q } else { 0 }"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "9");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn accessors() {
-    let source = r#"
-type Klewos = { a: Int, b: String }
-let value = Klewos::Klewos { a: 50, b: "nah" }
-(value.a, value.b)
-    "#;
-
-    eval_assert(source, r#"(50, "nah")"#);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn early_return() {
-    let source = r#"
-fn chnurmek(a: Int): Int {
-    if a == 5 then {
-        return 9999;
-    }
-    return (a + 2);
-}
-
-(chnurmek(5), chnurmek(0))
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, r#"(9999, 2)"#);
-
-    let source = r#"
-fn marbuk(a: Int, b: Int): (Int, Int) {
-   if a == 5 then {
-        if b == 6 then {
-            return (50, 50);
-        }
-
-        return (a, b + 1)
-   }
-   (a * 100, b * 100)
-}
-
-let x = marbuk(1, 1)
-let y = marbuk(5, 1)
-let z = marbuk(5, 6)
-
-(x, y, z)
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "((100, 100), (5, 2), (50, 50))");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn loops() {
-    let source = r#"
-let mut a = 0
-let mut count = 0
-while a != 5 {
-    a = a + 1
-    count = count + 100
-}
-
-count
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(source, "500");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn loops_2() {
-    let source = r#"
-let mut a = 0
-let mut acc = 0
-while a < 10 {
-    acc = acc + 1
-    a = a + 1
-
-    // Without this continue, the output would be 20
-    if a == 5 then {
-        continue
-    }
-
-    acc = acc + 1
-}
-
-acc"#;
-    eval_assert(source, "19");
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn list_literals() {
-    eval_assert(
-        r#"
-let a = [7, 8, 9]
-a
-"#,
-        "[7, 8, 9]",
-    );
-
-    eval_assert(
-        r#"
-let a = [7, 8, 9]
-fn foo() { return 2 }
-(a[0], a[foo()])
-"#,
-        "(7, 9)",
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn eval_method() {
-    let src = r#"
-type Thing = Thing
-impl Thing {
-    fn a_method() {
-        20
-    }
-
-}
-
-let a = Thing::Thing
-4 + a.a_method()
-    "#;
-    eval_assert(src, "24");
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/type_inference/mod.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/type_inference/mod.rs
@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, convert::From};
-
-use crate::{
-    ast::{TypeIdentifier, AST},
-    identifier::{define_id_kind, Id, IdStore},
-};
-
-define_id_kind!(TypeItem);
-pub type TypeId = Id<TypeItem>;
-
-pub struct TypeContext {
-    defined_types: HashMap<TypeId, DefinedType>,
-    type_id_store: IdStore<TypeItem>,
-}
-
-impl TypeContext {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self { defined_types: HashMap::new(), type_id_store: IdStore::new() }
-    }
-
-    pub fn register_type(&mut self, builder: TypeBuilder) -> TypeId {
-        let type_id = self.type_id_store.fresh();
-
-        let mut pending_variants = vec![];
-        for variant_builder in builder.variants.into_iter() {
-            let members = variant_builder.members;
-            if members.is_empty() {
-                pending_variants.push(Variant { name: variant_builder.name, members: VariantMembers::Unit });
-                continue;
-            }
-            let record_variant = matches!(members.get(0).unwrap(), VariantMemberBuilder::KeyVal(..));
-
-            if record_variant {
-                let pending_members = members.into_iter().map(|var| match var {
-                    VariantMemberBuilder::KeyVal(name, ty) => (name, ty),
-                    _ => panic!("Compiler internal error: variant mismatch"),
-                });
-
-                //TODO make this mapping meaningful
-                let type_ids = pending_members
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|(name, _ty_id)| (name, self.type_id_store.fresh()))
-                    .collect();
-                pending_variants
-                    .push(Variant { name: variant_builder.name, members: VariantMembers::Record(type_ids) });
-            } else {
-                let pending_members = members.into_iter().map(|var| match var {
-                    VariantMemberBuilder::Pending(pending_type) => pending_type,
-                    _ => panic!("Compiler internal error: variant mismatch"),
-                });
-
-                //TODO make this mapping meaningful
-                let type_ids = pending_members.into_iter().map(|_ty_id| self.type_id_store.fresh()).collect();
-
-                pending_variants
-                    .push(Variant { name: variant_builder.name, members: VariantMembers::Tuple(type_ids) });
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Eventually, I will want to have a better way of determining which numeric tag goes with
-        // which variant. For now, just sort them alphabetically.
-        pending_variants.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.name.cmp(&b.name));
-
-        let defined = DefinedType { name: builder.name, variants: pending_variants };
-
-        self.defined_types.insert(type_id, defined);
-        type_id
-    }
-
-    pub fn variant_local_name(&self, type_id: &TypeId, tag: u32) -> Option<&str> {
-        self.defined_types
-            .get(type_id)
-            .and_then(|defined| defined.variants.get(tag as usize))
-            .map(|variant| variant.name.as_ref())
-    }
-
-    pub fn lookup_variant_arity(&self, type_id: &TypeId, tag: u32) -> Option<u32> {
-        self.defined_types.get(type_id).and_then(|defined| defined.variants.get(tag as usize)).map(
-            |variant| match &variant.members {
-                VariantMembers::Unit => 0,
-                VariantMembers::Tuple(items) => items.len() as u32,
-                VariantMembers::Record(items) => items.len() as u32,
-            },
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn lookup_record_members(&self, type_id: &TypeId, tag: u32) -> Option<&[(String, TypeId)]> {
-        self.defined_types.get(type_id).and_then(|defined| defined.variants.get(tag as usize)).and_then(
-            |variant| match &variant.members {
-                VariantMembers::Record(items) => Some(items.as_ref()),
-                _ => None,
-            },
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn lookup_type(&self, type_id: &TypeId) -> Option<&DefinedType> {
-        self.defined_types.get(type_id)
-    }
-
-    //TODO return some kind of overall type later?
-    pub fn typecheck(&mut self, ast: &AST) -> Result<(), TypeError> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// A type defined in program source code, as opposed to a builtin.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct DefinedType {
-    pub name: String,
-
-    // the variants are in this list according to tag order
-    pub variants: Vec<Variant>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Variant {
-    pub name: String,
-    pub members: VariantMembers,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum VariantMembers {
-    Unit,
-    // Should be non-empty
-    Tuple(Vec<TypeId>),
-    Record(Vec<(String, TypeId)>),
-}
-
-/// Represents a type mentioned as a member of another type during the type registration process.
-/// It may not have been registered itself in the relevant context.
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct PendingType {
-    inner: TypeIdentifier,
-}
-
-impl From<&TypeIdentifier> for PendingType {
-    fn from(type_identifier: &TypeIdentifier) -> Self {
-        Self { inner: type_identifier.clone() }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct TypeBuilder {
-    name: String,
-    variants: Vec<VariantBuilder>,
-}
-
-impl TypeBuilder {
-    pub fn new(name: &str) -> Self {
-        Self { name: name.to_string(), variants: vec![] }
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_variant(&mut self, vb: VariantBuilder) {
-        self.variants.push(vb);
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct VariantBuilder {
-    name: String,
-    members: Vec<VariantMemberBuilder>,
-}
-
-impl VariantBuilder {
-    pub fn new(name: &str) -> Self {
-        Self { name: name.to_string(), members: vec![] }
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_member(&mut self, member_ty: PendingType) {
-        self.members.push(VariantMemberBuilder::Pending(member_ty));
-    }
-
-    // You can't call this and `add_member` on the same fn, there should be a runtime error when
-    // that's detected.
-    pub fn add_record_member(&mut self, name: &str, ty: PendingType) {
-        self.members.push(VariantMemberBuilder::KeyVal(name.to_string(), ty));
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum VariantMemberBuilder {
-    Pending(PendingType),
-    KeyVal(String, PendingType),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct TypeError {
-    pub msg: String,
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum TypeConst {
-    Unit,
-    Nat,
-    Int,
-    Float,
-    StringT,
-    Bool,
-    Ordering,
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Type {
-    Const(TypeConst),
-    //Var(TypeVar),
-    Arrow { params: Vec<Type>, ret: Box<Type> },
-    Compound { ty_name: String, args: Vec<Type> },
-}
-
-macro_rules! ty {
-    ($type_name:ident) => {
-        Type::Const(crate::type_inference::TypeConst::$type_name)
-    };
-    ($t1:ident -> $t2:ident) => {
-        Type::Arrow { params: vec![ty!($t1)], ret: Box::new(ty!($t2)) }
-    };
-    ($t1:ident -> $t2:ident -> $t3:ident) => {
-        Type::Arrow { params: vec![ty!($t1), ty!($t2)], ret: Box::new(ty!($t3)) }
-    };
-    ($type_list:ident, $ret_type:ident) => {
-        Type::Arrow { params: $type_list, ret: Box::new($ret_type) }
-    };
-}
--- a/schala-lang/src/typechecking.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/typechecking.rs
@ -1,522 +1,493 @@
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt;
+use std::fmt::Write;
+/*
+use std::collections::hash_set::Union;
+use std::iter::Iterator;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+*/

-use ena::unify::{UnifyKey, InPlaceUnificationTable, UnificationTable, EqUnifyValue};
+use ast;
+use util::StateStack;
+use symbol_table::{SymbolSpec, SymbolTable};

-use crate::builtin::Builtin;
-use crate::ast::*;
-use crate::util::ScopeStack;
-use crate::util::deref_optional_box;
+pub type TypeName = Rc<String>;
+type TypeResult<T> = Result<T, String>;

-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct TypeData {
-  ty: Option<Type>
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+enum Type {
+  Const(TConst),
+  Var(TypeName),
+  Func(Vec<Type>),
 }

-impl TypeData {
-  #[allow(dead_code)]
-  pub fn new() -> TypeData {
-    TypeData { ty: None }
-  }
-}
-
-//TODO need to hook this into the actual typechecking system somehow
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct TypeId {
-    local_name: Rc<String>
-}
-
-impl TypeId {
-    //TODO this is definitely incomplete
-    pub fn lookup_name(name: &str) -> TypeId {
-        TypeId {
-            local_name: Rc::new(name.to_string())
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn local_name(&self) -> &str {
-        self.local_name.as_ref()
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for TypeId {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-    write!(f, "TypeId:{}", self.local_name)
-  }
-}
-
-
-pub struct TypeContext<'a> {
-  variable_map: ScopeStack<'a, Rc<String>, Type>,
-  unification_table: InPlaceUnificationTable<TypeVar>,
-}
-
-/// `InferResult` is the monad in which type inference takes place.
-type InferResult<T> = Result<T, TypeError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct TypeError { pub msg: String }
-
-impl TypeError {
-  fn new<A, T>(msg: T) -> InferResult<A> where T: Into<String> {
-    Err(TypeError { msg: msg.into() })
-  }
-}
-
-#[allow(dead_code)] // avoids warning from Compound
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Type {
-  Const(TypeConst),
-  Var(TypeVar),
-  Arrow {
-    params: Vec<Type>,
-    ret: Box<Type>
-  },
-  Compound {
-    ty_name: String,
-    args:Vec<Type>
-  }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct TypeVar(usize);
-
-impl UnifyKey for TypeVar {
-  type Value = Option<TypeConst>;
-  fn index(&self) -> u32 { self.0 as u32 }
-  fn from_index(u: u32) -> TypeVar { TypeVar(u as usize) }
-  fn tag() -> &'static str { "TypeVar" }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum TypeConst {
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+enum TConst {
  Unit,
  Nat,
-  Int,
-  Float,
  StringT,
-  Bool,
-  Ordering,
-  //UserDefined
+  Custom(String)
 }

-impl TypeConst {
-    /*
-  #[allow(dead_code)]
-  pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
-    use self::TypeConst::*;
-    match self {
-      Unit => "()".to_string(),
-      Nat => "Nat".to_string(),
-      Int => "Int".to_string(),
-      Float => "Float".to_string(),
-      StringT => "String".to_string(),
-      Bool => "Bool".to_string(),
-      Ordering => "Ordering".to_string(),
-    }
-  }
-    */
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+struct Scheme {
+  names: Vec<TypeName>,
+  ty: Type,
 }

-impl EqUnifyValue for TypeConst { }
-
-macro_rules! ty {
-  ($type_name:ident) => { Type::Const(TypeConst::$type_name) };
-  ($t1:ident -> $t2:ident) => { Type::Arrow { params: vec![ty!($t1)], ret: box ty!($t2) } };
-  ($t1:ident -> $t2:ident -> $t3:ident) => { Type::Arrow { params: vec![ty!($t1), ty!($t2)], ret: box ty!($t3) } };
-  ($type_list:ident, $ret_type:ident) => {
-    Type::Arrow {
-      params: $type_list,
-      ret: box $ret_type,
-    }
+impl fmt::Display for Scheme {
+  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    write!(f, "∀{:?} . {:?}", self.names, self.ty)
  }
 }

-//TODO find a better way to capture the to/from string logic
-impl Type {
-    /*
-  #[allow(dead_code)]
-  pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
-    use self::Type::*;
-    match self {
-      Const(c) => c.to_string(),
-      Var(v) => format!("t_{}", v.0),
-      Arrow { params, box ref ret } => {
-        if params.is_empty() {
-          format!("-> {}", ret.to_string())
-        } else {
-          let mut buf = String::new();
-          for p in params.iter() {
-            write!(buf, "{} -> ", p.to_string()).unwrap();
-          }
-          write!(buf, "{}", ret.to_string()).unwrap();
-          buf
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+struct Substitution(HashMap<TypeName, Type>);
+impl Substitution {
+  fn empty() -> Substitution {
+    Substitution(HashMap::new())
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+struct TypeEnv(HashMap<TypeName, Scheme>);
+
+impl TypeEnv {
+  fn default() -> TypeEnv {
+    TypeEnv(HashMap::new())
+  }
+
+  fn populate_from_symbols(&mut self, symbol_table: &SymbolTable) {
+    for (name, symbol) in symbol_table.values.iter() {
+      if let SymbolSpec::Func(ref type_names) = symbol.spec {
+        let mut ch: char = 'a';
+        let mut names = vec![];
+        for _ in type_names.iter() {
+          names.push(Rc::new(format!("{}", ch)));
+          ch = ((ch as u8) + 1) as char;
        }
-      },
-      Compound { .. } => "<some compound type>".to_string()
-    }
-  }
-    */

-  fn from_string(string: &str) -> Option<Type> {
-    Some(match string {
-      "()" | "Unit" => ty!(Unit),
-      "Nat" => ty!(Nat),
-      "Int" => ty!(Int),
-      "Float" => ty!(Float),
-      "String" => ty!(StringT),
-      "Bool" => ty!(Bool),
-      "Ordering" => ty!(Ordering),
-      _ => return None
-    })
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-/// `Type` is parameterized by whether the type variables can be just universal, or universal or
-/// existential.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-enum Type<A> {
-  Var(A),
-  Const(TConst),
-  Arrow(Box<Type<A>>, Box<Type<A>>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-enum TVar {
-  Univ(UVar),
-  Exist(ExistentialVar)
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct UVar(Rc<String>);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct ExistentialVar(u32);
-
-impl Type<UVar> {
-  fn to_tvar(&self) -> Type<TVar> {
-    match self {
-      Type::Var(UVar(name)) => Type::Var(TVar::Univ(UVar(name.clone()))),
-      Type::Const(ref c) => Type::Const(c.clone()),
-      Type::Arrow(a, b) => Type::Arrow(
-        Box::new(a.to_tvar()),
-        Box::new(b.to_tvar())
-      )
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl Type<TVar> {
-  fn skolemize(&self) -> Type<UVar> {
-    match self {
-      Type::Var(TVar::Univ(uvar)) => Type::Var(uvar.clone()),
-      Type::Var(TVar::Exist(_)) => Type::Var(UVar(Rc::new(format!("sk")))),
-      Type::Const(ref c) => Type::Const(c.clone()),
-      Type::Arrow(a, b) => Type::Arrow(
-        Box::new(a.skolemize()),
-        Box::new(b.skolemize())
-      )
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl TypeIdentifier {
-  fn to_monotype(&self) -> Type<UVar> {
-    match self {
-      TypeIdentifier::Tuple(_) => Type::Const(TConst::Nat),
-      TypeIdentifier::Singleton(TypeSingletonName { name, .. }) => {
-        match &name[..] {
-          "Nat" => Type::Const(TConst::Nat),
-          "Int" => Type::Const(TConst::Int),
-          "Float" => Type::Const(TConst::Float),
-          "Bool" => Type::Const(TConst::Bool),
-          "String" => Type::Const(TConst::StringT),
-          _ => Type::Const(TConst::Nat),
-        }
+        let sigma = Scheme {
+          names: names.clone(),
+          ty: Type::Func(names.into_iter().map(|n| Type::Var(n)).collect())
+        };
+        self.0.insert(name.clone(), sigma);
      }
    }
  }
 }

-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-enum TConst {
-  User(Rc<String>),
-  Unit,
-  Nat,
-  Int,
-  Float,
-  StringT,
-  Bool,
+pub struct TypeContext<'a> {
+  values: StateStack<'a, TypeName, Type>,
+  symbol_table_handle: Rc<RefCell<SymbolTable>>,
+  global_env: TypeEnv
 }

-impl TConst {
-  fn user(name: &str) -> TConst {
-    TConst::User(Rc::new(name.to_string()))
+impl<'a> TypeContext<'a> {
+  pub fn new(symbol_table_handle: Rc<RefCell<SymbolTable>>) -> TypeContext<'static> {
+    TypeContext { values: StateStack::new(None), global_env: TypeEnv::default(), symbol_table_handle }
+  }
+
+  pub fn debug_types(&self) -> String {
+    let mut output = format!("Type environment\n");
+    for (name, scheme) in &self.global_env.0 {
+      write!(output, "{} -> {}\n", name, scheme).unwrap();
+    }
+    output
+  }
+
+  pub fn type_check_ast(&mut self, input: &ast::AST) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let ref symbol_table = self.symbol_table_handle.borrow();
+    self.global_env.populate_from_symbols(symbol_table);
+    let output = self.global_env.infer_block(&input.0)?;
+    Ok(format!("{:?}", output))
+  }
+}
+
+impl TypeEnv {
+  fn instantiate(&mut self, sigma: Scheme) -> Type {
+    match sigma {
+      Scheme { ty, .. } => ty,
+    }
+  }
+  fn generate(&mut self, ty: Type) -> Scheme {
+    Scheme {
+      names: vec![], //TODO incomplete
+      ty
+    }
+  }
+  fn infer_block(&mut self, block: &Vec<ast::Statement>) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    let mut output = Type::Const(TConst::Unit);
+    for statement in block {
+      output = self.infer_statement(statement)?;
+    }
+    Ok(output)
+  }
+  fn infer_statement(&mut self, statement: &ast::Statement) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    match statement {
+      ast::Statement::ExpressionStatement(expr) => self.infer_expr(expr),
+      ast::Statement::Declaration(decl) => self.infer_decl(decl)
+    }
+  }
+  fn infer_decl(&mut self, decl: &ast::Declaration) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    use ast::Declaration::*;
+    match decl {
+      Binding { name, expr, .. } => {
+        let ty = self.infer_expr(expr)?;
+        let sigma = self.generate(ty);
+        self.0.insert(name.clone(), sigma);
+      },
+      _ => (),
+    }
+    Ok(Type::Const(TConst::Unit))
+  }
+  fn infer_expr(&mut self, expr: &ast::Expression) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    match expr {
+      ast::Expression(expr, Some(anno)) => {
+        self.infer_exprtype(expr)
+      },
+      ast::Expression(expr, None) => {
+        self.infer_exprtype(expr)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn infer_exprtype(&mut self, expr: &ast::ExpressionType) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    use self::TConst::*;
+    use ast::ExpressionType::*;
+    Ok(match expr {
+      NatLiteral(_) => Type::Const(Nat),
+      StringLiteral(_) => Type::Const(StringT),
+      BinExp(op, lhs, rhs) => {
+
+        return Err(format!("NOTDONE"))
+      },
+      Call { f, arguments } =>  {
+
+        return Err(format!("NOTDONE"))
+      },
+      Value(name) => {
+        let s = match self.0.get(name) {
+          Some(sigma) => sigma.clone(),
+          None => return Err(format!("Unknown variable: {}", name))
+        };
+        self.instantiate(s)
+      },
+      _ => Type::Const(Unit)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* GIANT TODO - use the rust im crate, unless I make this code way less haskell-ish after it's done
+  */
+
+/*
+
+
+pub type TypeResult<T> = Result<T, String>;
+*/
+
+/* TODO this should just check the name against a map, and that map should be pre-populated with
+ * types */
+/*
+impl parsing::TypeName {
+  fn to_type(&self) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+	use self::parsing::TypeSingletonName;
+	use self::parsing::TypeName::*;
+	use self::Type::*; use self::TConstOld::*;
+    Ok(match self {
+      Tuple(_) => return Err(format!("Tuples not yet implemented")),
+      Singleton(name) => match name {
+        TypeSingletonName { name, .. } => match &name[..] {
+          /*
+          "Nat" => Const(Nat),
+          "Int" => Const(Int),
+          "Float" => Const(Float),
+          "Bool" => Const(Bool),
+          "String" => Const(StringT),
+          */
+          n => Const(Custom(n.to_string()))
+        }
+      }
+    })
  }
 }
 */

-impl<'a> TypeContext<'a> {
-  pub fn new() -> TypeContext<'a> {
-    TypeContext { 
-      variable_map: ScopeStack::new(None),
-      unification_table: UnificationTable::new(),
+
+
+/*
+impl TypeContext {
+  pub fn type_check_ast(&mut self, ast: &parsing::AST) -> TypeResult<String> {
+    let ref block = ast.0;
+    let mut infer = Infer::default();
+    let env = TypeEnvironment::default();
+    let output = infer.infer_block(block, &env);
+    match output {
+      Ok(s) => Ok(format!("{:?}", s)),
+      Err(s) => Err(format!("Error: {:?}", s))
    }
  }
-
-  /*
-  fn new_env(&'a self, new_var: Rc<String>, ty: Type) -> TypeContext<'a> {
-    let mut new_context = TypeContext {
-      variable_map: self.variable_map.new_scope(None),
-      unification_table: UnificationTable::new(), //???? not sure if i want this
-    };
-
-    new_context.variable_map.insert(new_var, ty);
-    new_context
-  }
-  */
-
-
-  fn get_type_from_name(&self, name: &TypeIdentifier) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    use self::TypeIdentifier::*;
-    Ok(match name {
-      Singleton(TypeSingletonName { name,.. }) =>  {
-        match Type::from_string(name) {
-          Some(ty) => ty,
-          None => return TypeError::new(format!("Unknown type name: {}", name))
-        }
-      },
-      Tuple(_) => return TypeError::new("tuples aren't ready yet"),
-    })
-  }
-
-  /// `typecheck` is the entry into the type-inference system, accepting an AST as an argument
-  /// Following the example of GHC, the compiler deliberately does typechecking before de-sugaring
-  /// the AST to ReducedAST
-  pub fn typecheck(&mut self, ast: &AST) -> Result<Type, TypeError> {
-    let mut returned_type = Type::Const(TypeConst::Unit);
-    for statement in ast.statements.statements.iter() {
-      returned_type = self.statement(statement)?;
-    }
-    Ok(returned_type)
-  }
-
-  fn statement(&mut self, statement: &Statement) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    match &statement.kind {
-      StatementKind::Expression(e) => self.expr(e),
-      StatementKind::Declaration(decl) => self.decl(decl),
-      StatementKind::Import(_) => Ok(ty!(Unit)),
-      StatementKind::Module(_) => Ok(ty!(Unit)),
-    }
-  }
-
-  fn decl(&mut self, decl: &Declaration) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    use self::Declaration::*;
-    if let Binding { name, expr, .. } = decl {
-        let ty = self.expr(expr)?;
-        self.variable_map.insert(name.clone(), ty);
-    }
-    Ok(ty!(Unit))
-  }
-
-  fn invoc(&mut self, invoc: &InvocationArgument) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    use InvocationArgument::*;
-    match invoc {
-      Positional(expr) => self.expr(expr),
-      _ => Ok(ty!(Nat)) //TODO this is wrong
-    }
-  }
-
-  fn expr(&mut self, expr: &Expression) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    match expr {
-      Expression { kind, type_anno: Some(anno), .. } => {
-        let t1 = self.expr_type(kind)?;
-        let t2 = self.get_type_from_name(anno)?;
-        self.unify(t2, t1)
-      },
-      Expression { kind, type_anno: None, .. } => self.expr_type(kind)
-    }
-  }
-
-  fn expr_type(&mut self, expr: &ExpressionKind) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    use self::ExpressionKind::*;
-    Ok(match expr {
-      NatLiteral(_) => ty!(Nat),
-      BoolLiteral(_) => ty!(Bool),
-      FloatLiteral(_) => ty!(Float),
-      StringLiteral(_) => ty!(StringT),
-      PrefixExp(op, expr) => self.prefix(op, expr)?,
-      BinExp(op, lhs, rhs) => self.binexp(op, lhs, rhs)?,
-      IfExpression { discriminator, body } => self.if_expr(deref_optional_box(discriminator), &**body)?,
-      Value(val) => self.handle_value(val)?,
-      Call { box ref f, arguments } => self.call(f, arguments)?,
-      Lambda { params, type_anno, body } => self.lambda(params, type_anno, body)?,
-      _ => ty!(Unit),
-    })
-  }
-
-  fn prefix(&mut self, op: &PrefixOp, expr: &Expression) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    let builtin: Option<Builtin> = TryFrom::try_from(op).ok();
-    let tf = match builtin.map(|b| b.get_type()) {
-      Some(ty) => ty,
-      None => return TypeError::new("no type found")
-    };
-
-    let tx = self.expr(expr)?;
-    self.handle_apply(tf, vec![tx])
-  }
-
-  fn binexp(&mut self, op: &BinOp, lhs: &Expression, rhs: &Expression) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    let builtin: Option<Builtin> = TryFrom::try_from(op).ok();
-    let tf = match builtin.map(|b| b.get_type()) {
-      Some(ty) => ty,
-      None => return TypeError::new("no type found"),
-    };
-
-    let t_lhs = self.expr(lhs)?;
-    let t_rhs = self.expr(rhs)?; //TODO is this order a problem? not sure
-
-    self.handle_apply(tf, vec![t_lhs, t_rhs])
-  }
-
-  fn if_expr(&mut self, discriminator: Option<&Expression>, body: &IfExpressionBody) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    use self::IfExpressionBody::*;
-    match (discriminator, body) {
-      (Some(expr), SimpleConditional{ then_case, else_case }) => self.handle_simple_if(expr, then_case, else_case),
-      _ => TypeError::new("Complex conditionals not supported".to_string())
-    }
-  }
-
-  #[allow(clippy::ptr_arg)]
-  fn handle_simple_if(&mut self, expr: &Expression, then_clause: &Block, else_clause: &Option<Block>) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    let t1 = self.expr(expr)?;
-    let t2 = self.block(then_clause)?;
-    let t3 = match else_clause {
-      Some(block) => self.block(block)?,
-      None => ty!(Unit)
-    };
-
-    let _ = self.unify(ty!(Bool), t1)?;
-    self.unify(t2, t3)
-  }
-
-  #[allow(clippy::ptr_arg)]
-  fn lambda(&mut self, params: &Vec<FormalParam>, type_anno: &Option<TypeIdentifier>, _body: &Block) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    let argument_types: InferResult<Vec<Type>> = params.iter().map(|param: &FormalParam| {
-      if let FormalParam { anno: Some(type_identifier), ..  } = param {
-        self.get_type_from_name(type_identifier)
-      } else {
-        Ok(Type::Var(self.fresh_type_variable()))
-      }
-    }).collect();
-    let argument_types = argument_types?;
-    let ret_type = match type_anno.as_ref() {
-      Some(anno) => self.get_type_from_name(anno)?,
-      None => Type::Var(self.fresh_type_variable())
-    };
-
-    Ok(ty!(argument_types, ret_type))
-  }
-
-  fn call(&mut self, f: &Expression, args: &[ InvocationArgument ]) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    let tf = self.expr(f)?;
-    let arg_types: InferResult<Vec<Type>> = args.iter().map(|ex| self.invoc(ex)).collect();
-    let arg_types = arg_types?;
-    self.handle_apply(tf, arg_types)
-  }
-
-  fn handle_apply(&mut self, tf: Type, args: Vec<Type>) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    Ok(match tf {
-      Type::Arrow { ref params, ret: box ref t_ret } if params.len() == args.len() => {
-        for (t_param, t_arg) in params.iter().zip(args.iter()) {
-          let _ = self.unify(t_param.clone(), t_arg.clone())?; //TODO I think this needs to reference a sub-scope
-        }
-        t_ret.clone()
-      },
-      Type::Arrow { .. } => return TypeError::new("Wrong length"),
-      _ => return TypeError::new("Not a function".to_string())
-    })
-  }
-
-  #[allow(clippy::ptr_arg)]
-  fn block(&mut self, block: &Block) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    let mut output = ty!(Unit);
-    for statement in block.statements.iter() {
-      output = self.statement(statement)?;
-    }
-    Ok(output)
-  }
-
-  fn handle_value(&mut self, val: &QualifiedName) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    let QualifiedName { components: vec, .. } = val;
-    let var = &vec[0];
-    match self.variable_map.lookup(var) {
-      Some(ty) => Ok(ty.clone()),
-      None => TypeError::new(format!("Couldn't find variable: {}", &var)),
-    }
-  }
-
-  fn unify(&mut self, t1: Type, t2: Type) -> InferResult<Type> {
-    use self::Type::*;
-
-    match (t1, t2) {
-      (Const(ref c1), Const(ref c2)) if c1 == c2 => Ok(Const(c1.clone())), //choice of c1 is arbitrary I *think*
-      (a @ Var(_), b @ Const(_)) => self.unify(b, a),
-      (Const(ref c1), Var(ref v2)) => {
-        self.unification_table.unify_var_value(*v2, Some(c1.clone()))
-          .or_else(|_| TypeError::new(format!("Couldn't unify {:?} and {:?}", Const(c1.clone()), Var(*v2))))?;
-        Ok(Const(c1.clone()))
-      },
-      (Var(v1), Var(v2)) => {
-        //TODO add occurs check
-        self.unification_table.unify_var_var(v1, v2)
-          .or_else(|e| {
-            println!("Unify error: {:?}", e);
-            TypeError::new(format!("Two type variables {:?} and {:?} couldn't unify", v1, v2))
-          })?;
-        Ok(Var(v1)) //arbitrary decision I think
-      },
-      (a, b) => TypeError::new(format!("{:?} and {:?} do not unify", a, b)),
-    }
-  }
-
-  fn fresh_type_variable(&mut self) -> TypeVar {
-    
-    self.unification_table.new_key(None)
-  }
 }

+// this is the equivalent of the Haskell Infer monad
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct Infer {
+  _idents: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum InferError {
+  CannotUnify(MonoType, MonoType),
+  OccursCheckFailed(Rc<String>, MonoType),
+  UnknownIdentifier(Rc<String>),
+  Custom(String),
+}
+
+type InferResult<T> = Result<T, InferError>;
+
+
+impl Infer {
+  fn fresh(&mut self) -> MonoType {
+    let i = self._idents;
+    self._idents += 1;
+    let name = Rc::new(format!("{}", ('a' as u8 + 1) as char));
+    MonoType::Var(name)
+  }
+
+  fn unify(&mut self, a: MonoType, b: MonoType) -> InferResult<Substitution> {
+    use self::InferError::*; use self::MonoType::*;
+    Ok(match (a, b) {
+      (Const(ref a), Const(ref b)) if a == b => Substitution::new(),
+      (Var(ref name), ref var) => Substitution::bind_variable(name, var),
+      (ref var, Var(ref name)) => Substitution::bind_variable(name, var),
+      (Function(box a1, box b1), Function(box a2, box b2)) => {
+        let s1 = self.unify(a1, a2)?;
+        let s2 = self.unify(b1.apply_substitution(&s1), b2.apply_substitution(&s1))?;
+        s1.merge(s2)
+      },
+      (a, b) => return Err(CannotUnify(a, b))
+    })
+  }
+
+  fn infer_block(&mut self, block: &Vec<parsing::Statement>, env: &TypeEnvironment) -> InferResult<MonoType> {
+    use self::parsing::Statement;
+    let mut ret = MonoType::Const(TypeConst::Unit);
+    for statement in block.iter() {
+      ret = match statement {
+        Statement::ExpressionStatement(expr) => {
+          let (sub, ty) = self.infer_expr(expr, env)?;
+          //TODO handle substitution monadically
+
+          ty
+        }
+        Statement::Declaration(decl) => MonoType::Const(TypeConst::Unit),
+      }
+    }
+    Ok(ret)
+  }
+
+  fn infer_expr(&mut self, expr: &parsing::Expression, env: &TypeEnvironment) -> InferResult<(Substitution, MonoType)> {
+    use self::parsing::Expression;
+    match expr {
+      Expression(e, Some(anno)) => self.infer_annotated_expr(e, anno, env),
+      /*
+        let anno_ty = anno.to_type()?;
+        let ty = self.infer_exprtype(&e)?;
+        self.unify(ty, anno_ty)
+      },
+      */
+      Expression(e, None) => self.infer_exprtype(e, env)
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn infer_annotated_expr(&mut self, expr: &parsing::ExpressionType, anno: &parsing::TypeName, env: &TypeEnvironment) -> InferResult<(Substitution, MonoType)> {
+    Err(InferError::Custom(format!("exprtype not done: {:?}", expr)))
+  }
+  fn infer_exprtype(&mut self, expr: &parsing::ExpressionType, env: &TypeEnvironment) -> InferResult<(Substitution, MonoType)> {
+    use self::parsing::ExpressionType::*;
+    use self::TypeConst::*;
+    Ok(match expr {
+      NatLiteral(_) => (Substitution::new(), MonoType::Const(Nat)),
+      FloatLiteral(_) => (Substitution::new(), MonoType::Const(Float)),
+      StringLiteral(_) => (Substitution::new(), MonoType::Const(StringT)),
+      BoolLiteral(_) => (Substitution::new(), MonoType::Const(Bool)),
+      Value(name) => match env.lookup(name) {
+        Some(sigma) => {
+          let tau = self.instantiate(&sigma);
+          (Substitution::new(), tau)
+        },
+        None => return Err(InferError::UnknownIdentifier(name.clone())),
+      },
+      e => return Err(InferError::Custom(format!("Type inference for {:?} not done", e)))
+    })
+  }
+  fn instantiate(&mut self, sigma: &PolyType) -> MonoType {
+    let ref ty: MonoType = sigma.1;
+    let mut subst = Substitution::new();
+
+    for name in sigma.0.iter() {
+      let fresh_mvar = self.fresh();
+      let new = Substitution::bind_variable(name, &fresh_mvar);
+      subst = subst.merge(new);
+    }
+    ty.apply_substitution(&subst)
+  }
+}
+*/
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+/* OLD STUFF DOWN HERE */
+
+
+
+/*
+impl TypeContext {
+  fn infer_block(&mut self, statements: &Vec<parsing::Statement>) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    let mut ret_type = Type::Const(TConst::Unit);
+    for statement in statements {
+      ret_type = self.infer_statement(statement)?;
+    }
+    Ok(ret_type)
+  }
+
+  fn infer_statement(&mut self, statement: &parsing::Statement) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    use self::parsing::Statement::*;
+    match statement {
+      ExpressionStatement(expr) => self.infer(expr),
+      Declaration(decl) => self.add_declaration(decl),
+    }
+  }
+  fn add_declaration(&mut self, decl: &parsing::Declaration) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    use self::parsing::Declaration::*;
+    use self::Type::*;
+    match decl {
+      Binding { name, expr, .. } => {
+        let ty = self.infer(expr)?;
+        self.bindings.insert(name.clone(), ty);
+      },
+      _ => return Err(format!("other formats not done"))
+    }
+    Ok(Void)
+  }
+  fn infer(&mut self, expr: &parsing::Expression) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    use self::parsing::Expression;
+    match expr {
+      Expression(e, Some(anno)) => {
+        let anno_ty = anno.to_type()?;
+        let ty = self.infer_exprtype(&e)?;
+        self.unify(ty, anno_ty)
+      },
+      Expression(e, None) => self.infer_exprtype(e)
+    }
+  }
+  fn infer_exprtype(&mut self, expr: &parsing::ExpressionType) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    use self::parsing::ExpressionType::*;
+    use self::Type::*; use self::TConst::*;
+    match expr {
+      NatLiteral(_) => Ok(Const(Nat)),
+      FloatLiteral(_) => Ok(Const(Float)),
+      StringLiteral(_) => Ok(Const(StringT)),
+      BoolLiteral(_) => Ok(Const(Bool)),
+      BinExp(op, lhs, rhs) => { /* remember there are both the haskell convention talk and the write you a haskell ways to do this! */
+        match op.get_type()? {
+          Func(box t1, box Func(box t2, box t3)) => {
+            let lhs_ty = self.infer(lhs)?;
+            let rhs_ty = self.infer(rhs)?;
+            self.unify(t1, lhs_ty)?;
+            self.unify(t2, rhs_ty)?;
+            Ok(t3)
+          },
+          other => Err(format!("{:?} is not a binary function type", other))
+        }
+      },
+      PrefixExp(op, expr) => match op.get_type()? {
+        Func(box t1, box t2) => {
+          let expr_ty = self.infer(expr)?;
+          self.unify(t1, expr_ty)?;
+          Ok(t2)
+        },
+        other => Err(format!("{:?} is not a prefix op function type", other))
+      },
+      Value(name) => {
+        match self.bindings.get(name) {
+          Some(ty) => Ok(ty.clone()),
+          None => Err(format!("No binding found for variable: {}", name)),
+        }
+      },
+      Call { f, arguments } => {
+        let mut tf = self.infer(f)?;
+        for arg in arguments.iter() {
+          match tf {
+            Func(box t, box rest) => {
+              let t_arg = self.infer(arg)?;
+              self.unify(t, t_arg)?;
+              tf = rest;
+            },
+            other => return Err(format!("Function call failed to unify; last type: {:?}", other)),
+          }
+        }
+        Ok(tf)
+      },
+      TupleLiteral(expressions) => {
+        let mut types = vec![];
+        for expr in expressions {
+          types.push(self.infer(expr)?);
+        }
+        Ok(Sum(types))
+      },
+      _ => Err(format!("Type not yet implemented"))
+    }
+  }
+  fn unify(&mut self, t1: Type, t2: Type) -> TypeResult<Type> {
+    use self::Type::*;// use self::TConst::*;
+    match (t1, t2) {
+      (Const(ref a), Const(ref b)) if a == b => Ok(Const(a.clone())),
+      (a, b) => Err(format!("Types {:?} and {:?} don't unify", a, b))
+    }
+  }
+}
+*/
+
+
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod typechecking_tests {
-  use super::*;
+mod tests {
+  /*
+  use super::{Type, TConst, TypeContext};
+  use super::Type::*;
+  use super::TConst::*;
+  use std::rc::Rc;
+  use std::cell::RefCell;

-  macro_rules! assert_type_in_fresh_context {
-    ($string:expr, $type:expr) => {
-      let mut tc = TypeContext::new();
-      let ast = &crate::util::quick_ast($string);
-      let ty = tc.typecheck(ast).unwrap();
-      assert_eq!(ty, $type)
+  macro_rules! type_test {
+    ($input:expr, $correct:expr) => {
+      {
+      let symbol_table = Rc::new(RefCell::new(SymbolTable::new()));
+      let mut tc = TypeContext::new(symbol_table);
+      let ast = ::ast::parse(::tokenizing::tokenize($input)).0.unwrap() ;
+      //tc.add_symbols(&ast);
+      assert_eq!($correct, tc.infer_block(&ast.0).unwrap())
+      }
    }
  }

  #[test]
-  fn basic_test() {
-    assert_type_in_fresh_context!("1", ty!(Nat));
-    assert_type_in_fresh_context!(r#""drugs""#, ty!(StringT));
-    assert_type_in_fresh_context!("true", ty!(Bool));
-  }
-
-  #[test]
-  fn operators() {
-    //TODO fix these with new operator regime
-    /*
-    assert_type_in_fresh_context!("-1", ty!(Int));
-    assert_type_in_fresh_context!("1 + 2", ty!(Nat));
-    assert_type_in_fresh_context!("-2", ty!(Int));
-    assert_type_in_fresh_context!("!true", ty!(Bool));
-    */
+  fn basic_inference() {
+    type_test!("30", Const(Nat));
+    //type_test!("fn x(a: Int): Bool {}; x(1)", TConst(Boolean));
  }
+  */
 }
--- a/schala-lang/src/util.rs
+++ b/schala-lang/src/util.rs
@ -1,85 +1,43 @@
-use std::{cmp::Eq, collections::HashMap, fmt::Write, hash::Hash};
-
-/// Utility function for printing a comma-delimited list of things
-pub(crate) fn delim_wrapped(lhs: char, rhs: char, terms: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> String {
-    let mut buf = String::new();
-    write!(buf, "{}", lhs).unwrap();
-    for term in terms.map(Some).intersperse(None) {
-        match term {
-            Some(e) => write!(buf, "{}", e).unwrap(),
-            None => write!(buf, ", ").unwrap(),
-        };
-    }
-    write!(buf, "{}", rhs).unwrap();
-    buf
-}
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::cmp::Eq;

+//TODO rename this ScopeStack
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-pub struct ScopeStack<'a, T: 'a, V: 'a, N = String>
-where T: Hash + Eq
-{
-    parent: Option<&'a ScopeStack<'a, T, V, N>>,
-    values: HashMap<T, V>,
-    scope_name: Option<N>,
+pub struct StateStack<'a, T: 'a, V: 'a>  where T: Hash + Eq {
+  parent: Option<&'a StateStack<'a, T, V>>,
+  values: HashMap<T, V>,
+  scope_name: Option<String>
 }

-impl<'a, T, V, N> ScopeStack<'a, T, V, N>
-where T: Hash + Eq
-{
-    pub fn new(scope_name: Option<N>) -> Self
-    where T: Hash + Eq {
-        ScopeStack { parent: None, values: HashMap::new(), scope_name }
+impl<'a, T, V> StateStack<'a, T, V> where T: Hash + Eq {
+  pub fn new(name: Option<String>) -> StateStack<'a, T, V> where T: Hash + Eq {
+    StateStack {
+      parent: None,
+      values: HashMap::new(),
+      scope_name: name
    }
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, key: T, value: V)
-    where T: Hash + Eq {
-        self.values.insert(key, value);
+  }
+  pub fn insert(&mut self, key: T, value: V) where T: Hash + Eq {
+    self.values.insert(key, value);
+  }
+  pub fn lookup(&self, key: &T) -> Option<&V> where T: Hash + Eq {
+    match (self.values.get(key), self.parent) {
+      (None, None) => None,
+      (None, Some(parent)) => parent.lookup(key),
+      (Some(value), _) => Some(value),
    }
-    pub fn lookup(&self, key: &T) -> Option<&V>
-    where T: Hash + Eq {
-        match (self.values.get(key), self.parent) {
-            (None, None) => None,
-            (None, Some(parent)) => parent.lookup(key),
-            (Some(value), _) => Some(value),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_scope(&'a self, scope_name: Option<N>) -> Self
-    where T: Hash + Eq {
-        ScopeStack { parent: Some(self), values: HashMap::default(), scope_name }
-    }
-
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn lookup_with_scope(&self, key: &T) -> Option<(&V, Option<&N>)>
-    where T: Hash + Eq {
-        match (self.values.get(key), self.parent) {
-            (None, None) => None,
-            (None, Some(parent)) => parent.lookup_with_scope(key),
-            (Some(value), _) => Some((value, self.scope_name.as_ref())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_name(&self) -> Option<&N> {
-        self.scope_name.as_ref()
+  }
+  //TODO rename new_scope
+  pub fn new_frame(&'a self, name: Option<String>) -> StateStack<'a, T, V> where T: Hash + Eq {
+    StateStack {
+      parent: Some(self),
+      values: HashMap::default(),
+      scope_name: name,
    }
+  }
+  pub fn get_name(&self) -> Option<&String> {
+    self.scope_name.as_ref()
+  }
 }

-/// Quickly create an AST from a string, with no error checking. For test use only
-#[cfg(test)]
-pub fn quick_ast(input: &str) -> crate::ast::AST {
-    let mut parser = crate::parsing::Parser::new();
-    let output = parser.parse(input);
-    match output {
-        Ok(output) => output,
-        Err(err) => {
-            println!("Parse error: {}", err.msg);
-            panic!();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(unused_macros)]
-macro_rules! rc {
-    ($string:tt) => {
-        Rc::new(stringify!($string).to_string())
-    };
-}
--- a/schala-repl/Cargo.toml
+++ b/schala-repl/Cargo.toml
@ -2,21 +2,24 @@
 name = "schala-repl"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["greg <greg.shuflin@protonmail.com>"]
-edition = "2021"

 [dependencies]
-llvm-sys = "70.0.2"
-take_mut = "0.2.2"
-itertools = "0.10"
+llvm-sys = "*"
+take_mut = "0.1.3"
+itertools = "0.5.8"
+getopts = "*"
 lazy_static = "0.2.8"
 maplit = "*"
-colored = "1.8"
-serde = "1.0"
-serde_derive = "1.0"
-serde_json = "1.0"
+colored = "1.5"
+serde = "1.0.15"
+serde_derive = "1.0.15"
+serde_json = "1.0.3"
+rocket = "0.3.13"
+rocket_codegen = "0.3.13"
+rocket_contrib = "0.3.13"
 phf = "0.7.12"
 includedir = "0.2.0"
-linefeed = "0.6.0"
+linefeed = "0.5.0"
 regex = "0.2"

 [build-dependencies]
--- a/schala-repl/build.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/build.rs
@ -3,5 +3,8 @@ extern crate includedir_codegen;
 use includedir_codegen::Compression;

 fn main() {
-    includedir_codegen::start("WEBFILES").dir("../static", Compression::Gzip).build("static.rs").unwrap();
+    includedir_codegen::start("WEBFILES")
+        .dir("../static", Compression::Gzip)
+        .build("static.rs")
+        .unwrap();
 }
--- a/schala-repl/src/command_tree.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/command_tree.rs
@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-use colored::*;
-
-use crate::{
-    directive_actions::DirectiveAction, language::ProgrammingLanguageInterface, InterpreterDirectiveOutput,
-    Repl,
-};
-
-/// A CommandTree is either a `Terminal` or a `NonTerminal`. When command parsing reaches the first
-/// Terminal, it will use the `DirectiveAction` found there to find an appropriate function to execute,
-/// and then execute it with any remaining arguments
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub enum CommandTree {
-    Terminal {
-        name: String,
-        children: Vec<CommandTree>,
-        help_msg: Option<String>,
-        action: DirectiveAction,
-    },
-    NonTerminal {
-        name: String,
-        children: Vec<CommandTree>,
-        help_msg: Option<String>,
-        action: DirectiveAction,
-    },
-    Top(Vec<CommandTree>),
-}
-
-impl CommandTree {
-    pub fn nonterm_no_further_tab_completions(s: &str, help: Option<&str>) -> CommandTree {
-        CommandTree::NonTerminal {
-            name: s.to_string(),
-            help_msg: help.map(|x| x.to_string()),
-            children: vec![],
-            action: DirectiveAction::Null,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn terminal(
-        s: &str,
-        help: Option<&str>,
-        children: Vec<CommandTree>,
-        action: DirectiveAction,
-    ) -> CommandTree {
-        CommandTree::Terminal { name: s.to_string(), help_msg: help.map(|x| x.to_string()), children, action }
-    }
-
-    pub fn nonterm(s: &str, help: Option<&str>, children: Vec<CommandTree>) -> CommandTree {
-        CommandTree::NonTerminal {
-            name: s.to_string(),
-            help_msg: help.map(|x| x.to_string()),
-            children,
-            action: DirectiveAction::Null,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_cmd(&self) -> &str {
-        match self {
-            CommandTree::Terminal { name, .. } => name.as_str(),
-            CommandTree::NonTerminal { name, .. } => name.as_str(),
-            CommandTree::Top(_) => "",
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn get_help(&self) -> &str {
-        match self {
-            CommandTree::Terminal { help_msg, .. } =>
-                help_msg.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()).unwrap_or("<no help text provided>"),
-            CommandTree::NonTerminal { help_msg, .. } =>
-                help_msg.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()).unwrap_or("<no help text provided>"),
-            CommandTree::Top(_) => "",
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn get_children(&self) -> &Vec<CommandTree> {
-        use CommandTree::*;
-        match self {
-            Terminal { children, .. } | NonTerminal { children, .. } | Top(children) => children,
-        }
-    }
-    pub fn get_subcommands(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        self.get_children().iter().map(|x| x.get_cmd()).collect()
-    }
-
-    pub fn perform<L: ProgrammingLanguageInterface>(
-        &self,
-        repl: &mut Repl<L>,
-        arguments: &[&str],
-    ) -> InterpreterDirectiveOutput {
-        let mut dir_pointer: &CommandTree = self;
-        let mut idx = 0;
-
-        let res: Result<(DirectiveAction, usize), String> = loop {
-            match dir_pointer {
-                CommandTree::Top(subcommands) | CommandTree::NonTerminal { children: subcommands, .. } => {
-                    let next_command = match arguments.get(idx) {
-                        Some(cmd) => cmd,
-                        None => break Err("Command requires arguments".to_owned()),
-                    };
-                    idx += 1;
-                    match subcommands.iter().find(|sc| sc.get_cmd() == *next_command) {
-                        Some(command_tree) => {
-                            dir_pointer = command_tree;
-                        }
-                        None => break Err(format!("Command {} not found", next_command)),
-                    };
-                }
-                CommandTree::Terminal { action, .. } => {
-                    break Ok((action.clone(), idx));
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        match res {
-            Ok((action, idx)) => action.perform(repl, &arguments[idx..]),
-            Err(err) => Some(err.red().to_string()),
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-repl/src/directive_actions.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/directive_actions.rs
@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-use std::fmt::Write as FmtWrite;
-
-use crate::{
-    help::help,
-    language::{LangMetaRequest, LangMetaResponse, ProgrammingLanguageInterface},
-    InterpreterDirectiveOutput, Repl,
-};
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum DirectiveAction {
-    Null,
-    Help,
-    QuitProgram,
-    ListPasses,
-    TotalTime(bool),
-    StageTime(bool),
-    Doc,
-}
-
-impl DirectiveAction {
-    pub fn perform<L: ProgrammingLanguageInterface>(
-        &self,
-        repl: &mut Repl<L>,
-        arguments: &[&str],
-    ) -> InterpreterDirectiveOutput {
-        use DirectiveAction::*;
-        match self {
-            Null => None,
-            Help => help(repl, arguments),
-            QuitProgram => {
-                repl.save_before_exit();
-                ::std::process::exit(0)
-            }
-            ListPasses => {
-                let pass_names = match repl.language_state.request_meta(LangMetaRequest::StageNames) {
-                    LangMetaResponse::StageNames(names) => names,
-                    _ => vec![],
-                };
-
-                let mut buf = String::new();
-                for pass in pass_names.iter().map(Some).intersperse(None) {
-                    match pass {
-                        Some(pass) => write!(buf, "{}", pass).unwrap(),
-                        None => write!(buf, " -> ").unwrap(),
-                    }
-                }
-                Some(buf)
-            }
-            TotalTime(value) => {
-                repl.options.show_total_time = *value;
-                None
-            }
-            StageTime(value) => {
-                repl.options.show_stage_times = *value;
-                None
-            }
-            Doc => doc(repl, arguments),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn doc<L: ProgrammingLanguageInterface>(
-    repl: &mut Repl<L>,
-    arguments: &[&str],
-) -> InterpreterDirectiveOutput {
-    arguments
-        .get(0)
-        .map(|cmd| {
-            let source = cmd.to_string();
-            let meta = LangMetaRequest::Docs { source };
-            match repl.language_state.request_meta(meta) {
-                LangMetaResponse::Docs { doc_string } => Some(doc_string),
-                _ => Some("Invalid doc response".to_owned()),
-            }
-        })
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| Some(":docs needs an argument".to_owned()))
-}
--- a/schala-repl/src/directives.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/directives.rs
@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{command_tree::CommandTree, directive_actions::DirectiveAction};
-
-pub fn directives_from_pass_names(pass_names: &[String]) -> CommandTree {
-    let passes_directives: Vec<CommandTree> = pass_names
-        .iter()
-        .map(|pass_name| {
-            if pass_name == "parsing" {
-                CommandTree::nonterm(
-                    pass_name,
-                    None,
-                    vec![
-                        CommandTree::nonterm_no_further_tab_completions("compact", None),
-                        CommandTree::nonterm_no_further_tab_completions("expanded", None),
-                        CommandTree::nonterm_no_further_tab_completions("trace", None),
-                    ],
-                )
-            } else {
-                CommandTree::nonterm_no_further_tab_completions(pass_name, None)
-            }
-        })
-        .collect();
-    CommandTree::Top(get_list(&passes_directives, true))
-}
-
-fn get_list(passes_directives: &[CommandTree], include_help: bool) -> Vec<CommandTree> {
-    use DirectiveAction::*;
-
-    vec![
-        CommandTree::terminal("exit", Some("exit the REPL"), vec![], QuitProgram),
-        //TODO there should be an alias for this
-        CommandTree::terminal("quit", Some("exit the REPL"), vec![], QuitProgram),
-        CommandTree::terminal(
-            "help",
-            Some("Print this help message"),
-            if include_help { get_list(passes_directives, false) } else { vec![] },
-            Help,
-        ),
-        CommandTree::nonterm(
-            "debug",
-            Some("Configure debug information"),
-            vec![
-                CommandTree::terminal(
-                    "list-passes",
-                    Some("List all registered compiler passes"),
-                    vec![],
-                    ListPasses,
-                ),
-                CommandTree::nonterm(
-                    "total-time",
-                    None,
-                    vec![
-                        CommandTree::terminal("on", None, vec![], TotalTime(true)),
-                        CommandTree::terminal("off", None, vec![], TotalTime(false)),
-                    ],
-                ),
-                CommandTree::nonterm(
-                    "stage-times",
-                    Some("Computation time per-stage"),
-                    vec![
-                        CommandTree::terminal("on", None, vec![], StageTime(true)),
-                        CommandTree::terminal("off", None, vec![], StageTime(false)),
-                    ],
-                ),
-            ],
-        ),
-        CommandTree::terminal("doc", Some("Get language-specific help for an item"), vec![], Doc),
-    ]
-}
--- a/schala-repl/src/help.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/help.rs
@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-use std::fmt::Write as FmtWrite;
-
-use colored::*;
-
-use crate::{
-    command_tree::CommandTree, language::ProgrammingLanguageInterface, InterpreterDirectiveOutput, Repl,
-};
-
-pub fn help<L: ProgrammingLanguageInterface>(
-    repl: &mut Repl<L>,
-    arguments: &[&str],
-) -> InterpreterDirectiveOutput {
-    match arguments {
-        [] => global_help(repl),
-        commands => {
-            let dirs = repl.get_directives();
-            Some(match get_directive_from_commands(commands, &dirs) {
-                None => format!("Directive `{}` not found", commands.last().unwrap()),
-                Some(dir) => {
-                    let mut buf = String::new();
-                    let cmd = dir.get_cmd();
-                    let children = dir.get_children();
-                    writeln!(buf, "`{}` - {}", cmd, dir.get_help()).unwrap();
-                    for sub in children.iter() {
-                        writeln!(buf, "\t`{} {}` - {}", cmd, sub.get_cmd(), sub.get_help()).unwrap();
-                    }
-                    buf
-                }
-            })
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn get_directive_from_commands<'a>(commands: &[&str], dirs: &'a CommandTree) -> Option<&'a CommandTree> {
-    let mut directive_list = dirs.get_children();
-    let mut matched_directive = None;
-    for cmd in commands {
-        let found = directive_list.iter().find(|directive| directive.get_cmd() == *cmd);
-        if let Some(dir) = found {
-            directive_list = dir.get_children();
-        }
-
-        matched_directive = found;
-    }
-    matched_directive
-}
-
-fn global_help<L: ProgrammingLanguageInterface>(repl: &mut Repl<L>) -> InterpreterDirectiveOutput {
-    let mut buf = String::new();
-
-    writeln!(buf, "{} version {}", "Schala REPL".bright_red().bold(), crate::VERSION_STRING).unwrap();
-    writeln!(buf, "-----------------------").unwrap();
-
-    for directive in repl.get_directives().get_children() {
-        writeln!(buf, "{}{} - {}", repl.sigil, directive.get_cmd(), directive.get_help()).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    writeln!(buf).unwrap();
-    writeln!(buf, "Language-specific help for {}", <L as ProgrammingLanguageInterface>::language_name())
-        .unwrap();
-    writeln!(buf, "-----------------------").unwrap();
-    Some(buf)
-}
--- a/schala-repl/src/language.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/language.rs
@ -1,56 +1,196 @@
-use std::{collections::HashSet, time};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use colored::*;
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
+pub struct LLVMCodeString(pub String);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct EvalOptions {
+  pub execution_method: ExecutionMethod,
+  pub debug_passes: HashMap<String, PassDebugOptionsDescriptor>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq)]
+pub struct PassDescriptor {
+  pub name: String,
+  pub debug_options: Vec<String>
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PassDebugOptionsDescriptor {
+  pub opts: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum ExecutionMethod {
+  Compile,
+  Interpret,
+}
+impl Default for ExecutionMethod {
+  fn default() -> ExecutionMethod {
+    ExecutionMethod::Interpret
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct UnfinishedComputation {
+  artifacts: Vec<(String, TraceArtifact)>,
+  pub cur_debug_options: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FinishedComputation {
+  artifacts: Vec<(String, TraceArtifact)>,
+  text_output: Result<String, String>,
+}
+
+impl UnfinishedComputation {
+  pub fn add_artifact(&mut self, artifact: TraceArtifact) {
+    self.artifacts.push((artifact.stage_name.clone(), artifact));
+  }
+  pub fn finish(self, text_output: Result<String, String>) -> FinishedComputation {
+    FinishedComputation {
+      artifacts: self.artifacts,
+      text_output
+    }
+  }
+  pub fn output(self, output: Result<String, String>) -> FinishedComputation {
+    FinishedComputation {
+      artifacts: self.artifacts,
+      text_output: output
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl FinishedComputation {
+  pub fn to_repl(&self) -> String {
+    let mut buf = String::new();
+    for (stage, artifact) in self.artifacts.iter() {
+      let color = artifact.text_color;
+      let stage = stage.color(color).bold();
+      let output = artifact.debug_output.color(color);
+      write!(&mut buf, "{}: {}\n", stage, output).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    match self.text_output {
+      Ok(ref output) => write!(&mut buf, "{}", output).unwrap(),
+      Err(ref err) => write!(&mut buf, "{} {}", "Error: ".red().bold(), err).unwrap(),
+    }
+    buf
+  }
+  pub fn to_noninteractive(&self) -> Option<String> {
+    match self.text_output {
+      Ok(_) => {
+        let mut buf = String::new();
+        for (stage, artifact) in self.artifacts.iter() {
+          let color = artifact.text_color;
+          let stage = stage.color(color).bold();
+          let output = artifact.debug_output.color(color);
+          write!(&mut buf, "{}: {}\n", stage, output).unwrap();
+        }
+        if buf == "" { None } else { Some(buf) }
+      },
+      Err(ref s) => Some(format!("{} {}", "Error: ".red().bold(), s))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct TraceArtifact {
+  stage_name: String,
+  debug_output: String,
+  text_color: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl TraceArtifact {
+  pub fn new(stage: &str, debug: String) -> TraceArtifact {
+    let color = match stage {
+      "parse_trace"  | "ast" => "red",
+      "ast_reducing" => "red",
+      "tokens" => "green",
+      "type_check" => "magenta",
+      _ => "blue",
+    };
+    TraceArtifact { stage_name: stage.to_string(), debug_output: debug, text_color: color}
+  }
+
+  pub fn new_parse_trace(trace: Vec<String>) -> TraceArtifact {
+    let mut output = String::new();
+
+    for t in trace {
+      output.push_str(&t);
+      output.push_str("\n");
+    }
+
+    TraceArtifact { stage_name: "parse_trace".to_string(), debug_output: output, text_color: "red"}
+  }
+}

 pub trait ProgrammingLanguageInterface {
-    type Config: Default + Clone;
-    fn language_name() -> String;
-    fn source_file_suffix() -> String;
+  fn execute_pipeline(&mut self, _input: &str, _eval_options: &EvalOptions) -> FinishedComputation {
+    FinishedComputation { artifacts: vec![], text_output: Err(format!("Execution pipeline not done")) }
+  }

-    fn run_computation(&mut self, _request: ComputationRequest<Self::Config>) -> ComputationResponse;
+  fn get_language_name(&self) -> String;
+  fn get_source_file_suffix(&self) -> String;
+  fn get_passes(&self) -> Vec<PassDescriptor> {
+    vec![]
+  }
+  fn handle_custom_interpreter_directives(&mut self, _commands: &Vec<&str>) -> Option<String> {
+    None
+  }
+  fn custom_interpreter_directives_help(&self) -> String {
+    format!(">> No custom interpreter directives specified <<")
+  }
+}

-    fn request_meta(&mut self, _request: LangMetaRequest) -> LangMetaResponse {
-        LangMetaResponse::Custom { kind: "not-implemented".to_owned(), value: format!("") }
+/* a pass_chain function signature looks like: 
+ * fn(&mut ProgrammingLanguageInterface, A, Option<&mut DebugHandler>) -> Result<B, String>
+ *
+ * TODO use some kind of failure-handling library to make this better
+ */
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! pass_chain {
+  ($state:expr, $options:expr; $($pass:path), *) => {
+    |text_input| {
+      let mut comp = UnfinishedComputation::default();
+      pass_chain_helper! { ($state, comp, $options); text_input $(, $pass)* }
    }
+  };
 }

-pub struct ComputationRequest<'a, T> {
-    pub source: &'a str,
-    pub config: T,
-    pub debug_requests: HashSet<DebugAsk>,
-}
-
-pub struct ComputationResponse {
-    pub main_output: Result<String, String>,
-    pub global_output_stats: GlobalOutputStats,
-    pub debug_responses: Vec<DebugResponse>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-pub struct GlobalOutputStats {
-    pub total_duration: time::Duration,
-    pub stage_durations: Vec<(String, time::Duration)>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
-pub enum DebugAsk {
-    Timing,
-    ByStage { stage_name: String, token: Option<String> },
-}
-
-pub struct DebugResponse {
-    pub ask: DebugAsk,
-    pub value: String,
-}
-
-pub enum LangMetaRequest {
-    StageNames,
-    Docs { source: String },
-    Custom { kind: String, value: String },
-    ImmediateDebug(DebugAsk),
-}
-
-pub enum LangMetaResponse {
-    StageNames(Vec<String>),
-    Docs { doc_string: String },
-    Custom { kind: String, value: String },
-    ImmediateDebug(DebugResponse),
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! pass_chain_helper {
+  (($state:expr, $comp:expr, $options:expr); $input:expr, $pass:path $(, $rest:path)*) => {
+    {
+      use schala_repl::PassDebugOptionsDescriptor;
+      let pass_name = stringify!($pass);
+      let output = {
+        let ref debug_map = $options.debug_passes;
+        let debug_handle = match debug_map.get(pass_name) {
+          Some(PassDebugOptionsDescriptor { opts }) => {
+            let ptr = &mut $comp;
+            ptr.cur_debug_options = opts.clone();
+            Some(ptr)
+          }
+          _ => None
+        };
+        $pass($state, $input, debug_handle)
+      };
+      match output {
+        Ok(result) => pass_chain_helper! { ($state, $comp, $options); result $(, $rest)* },
+        Err(err) => {
+          $comp.output(Err(format!("Pass {} failed with {:?}", pass_name, err)))
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  // Done
+  (($state:expr, $comp:expr, $options:expr); $final_output:expr) => {
+    {
+      let final_output: FinishedComputation = $comp.finish(Ok($final_output));
+      final_output
+    }
+  };
 }
--- a/schala-repl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/lib.rs
@ -1,249 +1,561 @@
-#![feature(box_patterns, proc_macro_hygiene, decl_macro, iter_intersperse)]
+#![feature(link_args)]
+#![feature(slice_patterns, box_patterns, box_syntax)]
+#![feature(plugin)]
+#![plugin(rocket_codegen)]
+extern crate getopts;
+extern crate linefeed;
+extern crate itertools;
+extern crate colored;

 #[macro_use]
 extern crate serde_derive;
+extern crate serde_json;
+extern crate rocket;
+extern crate rocket_contrib;
 extern crate includedir;
 extern crate phf;
-extern crate serde_json;

-mod command_tree;
-mod language;
-use self::command_tree::CommandTree;
-mod repl_options;
-use repl_options::ReplOptions;
-mod directive_actions;
-mod directives;
-use directives::directives_from_pass_names;
-mod help;
-mod response;
-use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::Arc};
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::process::exit;
+use std::default::Default;
+use std::fmt::Write as FmtWrite;

 use colored::*;
-pub use language::{
-    ComputationRequest, ComputationResponse, DebugAsk, DebugResponse, GlobalOutputStats, LangMetaRequest,
-    LangMetaResponse, ProgrammingLanguageInterface,
-};
-use response::ReplResponse;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+
+mod language;
+mod webapp;
+pub mod llvm_wrap;
+
+const VERSION_STRING: &'static str = "0.1.0";

 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/static.rs"));
-const VERSION_STRING: &str = "0.1.0";

-const HISTORY_SAVE_FILE: &str = ".schala_history";
-const OPTIONS_SAVE_FILE: &str = ".schala_repl";
+pub use language::{LLVMCodeString, ProgrammingLanguageInterface, EvalOptions,
+  ExecutionMethod, TraceArtifact, FinishedComputation, UnfinishedComputation, PassDebugOptionsDescriptor, PassDescriptor};

-type InterpreterDirectiveOutput = Option<String>;
+pub type PLIGenerator = Box<Fn() -> Box<ProgrammingLanguageInterface> + Send + Sync>;

-pub struct Repl<L: ProgrammingLanguageInterface> {
-    /// If this is the first character typed by a user into the repl, the following
-    /// will be interpreted as a directive to the REPL rather than a command in the
-    /// running programming language.
-    sigil: char,
-    line_reader: ::linefeed::interface::Interface<::linefeed::terminal::DefaultTerminal>,
-    language_state: L,
-    options: ReplOptions,
+pub fn repl_main(generators: Vec<PLIGenerator>) {
+  let languages: Vec<Box<ProgrammingLanguageInterface>> = generators.iter().map(|x| x()).collect();
+
+  let option_matches = program_options().parse(std::env::args()).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+    println!("{:?}", e);
+    exit(1);
+  });
+
+  if option_matches.opt_present("list-languages") {
+    for lang in languages {
+      println!("{}", lang.get_language_name());
+    }
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if option_matches.opt_present("help") {
+    println!("{}", program_options().usage("Schala metainterpreter"));
+    exit(0);
+  }
+
+  if option_matches.opt_present("webapp") {
+    webapp::web_main(generators);
+    exit(0);
+  }
+
+  let mut options = EvalOptions::default();
+  let debug_passes = if let Some(opts) = option_matches.opt_str("debug") {
+    let output: Vec<String> = opts.split_terminator(",").map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+    output
+  } else {
+    vec![]
+  };
+
+  let language_names: Vec<String> = languages.iter().map(|lang| {lang.get_language_name()}).collect();
+  let initial_index: usize =
+    option_matches.opt_str("lang")
+    .and_then(|lang| { language_names.iter().position(|x| { x.to_lowercase() == lang.to_lowercase() }) })
+    .unwrap_or(0);
+
+  options.execution_method = match option_matches.opt_str("eval-style") {
+    Some(ref s) if s == "compile" => ExecutionMethod::Compile,
+    _ => ExecutionMethod::Interpret,
+  };
+
+  match option_matches.free[..] {
+    [] | [_] => {
+      let mut repl = Repl::new(languages, initial_index);
+      repl.run();
+    }
+    [_, ref filename, _..] => {
+
+      run_noninteractive(filename, languages, options, debug_passes);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+fn run_noninteractive(filename: &str, languages: Vec<Box<ProgrammingLanguageInterface>>, mut options: EvalOptions, debug_passes: Vec<String>) {
+  let path = Path::new(filename);
+  let ext = path.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+    println!("Source file lacks extension");
+    exit(1);
+  });
+  let mut language = Box::new(languages.into_iter().find(|lang| lang.get_source_file_suffix() == ext)
+    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+      println!("Extension .{} not recognized", ext);
+      exit(1);
+    }));
+
+  let mut source_file = File::open(path).unwrap();
+  let mut buffer = String::new();
+
+  source_file.read_to_string(&mut buffer).unwrap();
+
+  for pass in debug_passes.into_iter() {
+    if let Some(_) = language.get_passes().iter().find(|desc| desc.name == pass) {
+      options.debug_passes.insert(pass, PassDebugOptionsDescriptor { opts: vec![] });
+    }
+  }
+
+  match options.execution_method {
+    ExecutionMethod::Compile => {
+      /*
+      let llvm_bytecode = language.compile(&buffer);
+      compilation_sequence(llvm_bytecode, filename);
+      */
+      panic!("Not ready to go yet");
+    },
+    ExecutionMethod::Interpret => {
+      let output = language.execute_pipeline(&buffer, &options);
+      output.to_noninteractive().map(|text| println!("{}", text));
+    }
+  }
 }

 #[derive(Clone)]
-enum PromptStyle {
-    Normal,
-    Multiline,
+enum CommandTree {
+  Terminal(String, Option<String>),
+  NonTerminal(String, Vec<CommandTree>, Option<String>),
+  Top(Vec<CommandTree>),
 }

-impl<L: ProgrammingLanguageInterface> Repl<L> {
-    pub fn new(initial_state: L) -> Self {
-        use linefeed::Interface;
-        let line_reader = Interface::new("schala-repl").unwrap();
-        let sigil = ':';
-
-        Repl { sigil, line_reader, language_state: initial_state, options: ReplOptions::new() }
+impl CommandTree {
+  fn term(s: &str, help: Option<&str>) -> CommandTree {
+    CommandTree::Terminal(s.to_string(), help.map(|x| x.to_string()))
+  }
+  fn get_cmd(&self) -> String {
+    match self {
+      CommandTree::Terminal(s, _) => s.to_string(),
+      CommandTree::NonTerminal(s, _, _) => s.to_string(),
+      CommandTree::Top(_) => "".to_string(),
    }
-
-    pub fn run_repl(&mut self, config: L::Config) {
-        println!("Schala meta-interpeter version {}", VERSION_STRING);
-        println!("Type {} for help with the REPL", format!("{}help", self.sigil).bright_green().bold());
-        self.load_options();
-        self.handle_repl_loop(config);
-        self.save_before_exit();
-        println!("Exiting...");
+  }
+  fn get_help(&self) -> String {
+    match self {
+      CommandTree::Terminal(_, h) => h.as_ref().map(|h| h.clone()).unwrap_or(format!("")),
+      CommandTree::NonTerminal(_, _, h) => h.as_ref().map(|h| h.clone()).unwrap_or(format!("")),
+      CommandTree::Top(_) => "".to_string(),
    }
-
-    fn load_options(&mut self) {
-        self.line_reader.load_history(HISTORY_SAVE_FILE).unwrap_or(());
-        match ReplOptions::load_from_file(OPTIONS_SAVE_FILE) {
-            Ok(options) => {
-                self.options = options;
-            }
-            Err(e) => eprintln!("{}", e),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn handle_repl_loop(&mut self, config: L::Config) {
-        use linefeed::ReadResult::*;
-
-        'main: loop {
-            macro_rules! match_or_break {
-                ($line:expr) => {
-                    match $line {
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            println!("readline IO Error: {}", e);
-                            break 'main;
-                        }
-                        Ok(Eof) | Ok(Signal(_)) => break 'main,
-                        Ok(Input(ref input)) => input,
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-            self.update_line_reader();
-            let line = self.line_reader.read_line();
-            let input: &str = match_or_break!(line);
-
-            self.line_reader.add_history_unique(input.to_string());
-            let mut chars = input.chars().peekable();
-            let repl_responses = match chars.next() {
-                Some(ch) if ch == self.sigil =>
-                    if chars.peek() == Some(&'{') {
-                        let mut buf = String::new();
-                        buf.push_str(input.get(2..).unwrap());
-                        'multiline: loop {
-                            self.set_prompt(PromptStyle::Multiline);
-                            let new_line = self.line_reader.read_line();
-                            let new_input = match_or_break!(new_line);
-                            if new_input.starts_with(":}") {
-                                break 'multiline;
-                            } else {
-                                buf.push_str(new_input);
-                                buf.push('\n');
-                            }
-                        }
-                        self.handle_input(&buf, &config)
-                    } else {
-                        if let Some(output) = self.handle_interpreter_directive(input.get(1..).unwrap()) {
-                            println!("{}", output);
-                        }
-                        continue;
-                    },
-                _ => self.handle_input(input, &config),
-            };
-
-            for repl_response in repl_responses.iter() {
-                println!("{}", repl_response);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn update_line_reader(&mut self) {
-        let tab_complete_handler = TabCompleteHandler::new(self.sigil, self.get_directives());
-        self.line_reader.set_completer(Arc::new(tab_complete_handler)); //TODO fix this here
-        self.set_prompt(PromptStyle::Normal);
-    }
-
-    fn set_prompt(&mut self, prompt_style: PromptStyle) {
-        let prompt_str = match prompt_style {
-            PromptStyle::Normal => ">> ",
-            PromptStyle::Multiline => ">| ",
-        };
-
-        self.line_reader.set_prompt(prompt_str).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    fn save_before_exit(&self) {
-        self.line_reader.save_history(HISTORY_SAVE_FILE).unwrap_or(());
-        self.options.save_to_file(OPTIONS_SAVE_FILE);
-    }
-
-    fn handle_interpreter_directive(&mut self, input: &str) -> InterpreterDirectiveOutput {
-        let arguments: Vec<&str> = input.split_whitespace().collect();
-
-        if arguments.is_empty() {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        let directives = self.get_directives();
-        directives.perform(self, &arguments)
-    }
-
-    fn handle_input(&mut self, input: &str, config: &L::Config) -> Vec<ReplResponse> {
-        let mut debug_requests = HashSet::new();
-        for ask in self.options.debug_asks.iter() {
-            debug_requests.insert(ask.clone());
-        }
-
-        let request = ComputationRequest { source: input, config: config.clone(), debug_requests };
-        let response = self.language_state.run_computation(request);
-        response::handle_computation_response(response, &self.options)
-    }
-
-    fn get_directives(&mut self) -> CommandTree {
-        let pass_names = match self.language_state.request_meta(LangMetaRequest::StageNames) {
-            LangMetaResponse::StageNames(names) => names,
-            _ => vec![],
-        };
-
-        directives_from_pass_names(&pass_names)
+  }
+  fn get_children(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+    match self {
+      CommandTree::Terminal(_, _) => vec![],
+      CommandTree::NonTerminal(_, children, _) => children.iter().map(|x| x.get_cmd()).collect(),
+      CommandTree::Top(children) => children.iter().map(|x| x.get_cmd()).collect(),
    }
+  }
 }

 struct TabCompleteHandler {
-    sigil: char,
-    top_level_commands: CommandTree,
+  sigil: char,
+  top_level_commands: CommandTree,
 }

-use linefeed::{
-    complete::{Completer, Completion},
-    terminal::Terminal,
-};
+use linefeed::complete::{Completion, Completer};
+use linefeed::terminal::Terminal;

 impl TabCompleteHandler {
-    fn new(sigil: char, top_level_commands: CommandTree) -> TabCompleteHandler {
-        TabCompleteHandler { top_level_commands, sigil }
+  fn new(sigil: char, top_level_commands: CommandTree) -> TabCompleteHandler {
+    TabCompleteHandler {
+      top_level_commands,
+      sigil,
    }
+  }
 }

 impl<T: Terminal> Completer<T> for TabCompleteHandler {
-    fn complete(
-        &self,
-        word: &str,
-        prompter: &::linefeed::prompter::Prompter<T>,
-        start: usize,
-        _end: usize,
-    ) -> Option<Vec<Completion>> {
-        let line = prompter.buffer();
+  fn complete(&self, word: &str, prompter: &linefeed::prompter::Prompter<T>, start: usize, _end: usize) -> Option<Vec<Completion>> {
+    let line = prompter.buffer();

-        if !line.starts_with(self.sigil) {
-            return None;
-        }
+    if line.starts_with(&format!("{}", self.sigil)) {
+      let mut words = line[1..(if start == 0 { 1 } else { start })].split_whitespace();
+      let mut completions = Vec::new();
+      let mut command_tree: Option<&CommandTree> = Some(&self.top_level_commands);

-        let mut words = line[1..(if start == 0 { 1 } else { start })].split_whitespace();
-        let mut completions = Vec::new();
-        let mut command_tree: Option<&CommandTree> = Some(&self.top_level_commands);
-
-        loop {
-            match words.next() {
-                None => {
-                    let top = matches!(command_tree, Some(CommandTree::Top(_)));
-                    let word = if top { word.get(1..).unwrap() } else { word };
-                    for cmd in command_tree.map(|x| x.get_subcommands()).unwrap_or_default().into_iter() {
-                        if cmd.starts_with(word) {
-                            completions.push(Completion {
-                                completion: format!("{}{}", if top { ":" } else { "" }, cmd),
-                                display: Some(cmd.to_string()),
-                                suffix: ::linefeed::complete::Suffix::Some(' '),
-                            })
-                        }
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-                Some(s) => {
-                    let new_ptr: Option<&CommandTree> = command_tree.and_then(|cm| match cm {
-                        CommandTree::Top(children) => children.iter().find(|c| c.get_cmd() == s),
-                        CommandTree::NonTerminal { children, .. } =>
-                            children.iter().find(|c| c.get_cmd() == s),
-                        CommandTree::Terminal { children, .. } => children.iter().find(|c| c.get_cmd() == s),
-                    });
-                    command_tree = new_ptr;
-                }
+      loop {
+        match words.next() {
+          None => {
+            let top = match command_tree {
+              Some(CommandTree::Top(_)) => true,
+              _ => false
+            };
+            let word = if top { word.get(1..).unwrap() } else { word };
+            for cmd in command_tree.map(|x| x.get_children()).unwrap_or(vec![]).into_iter() {
+              if cmd.starts_with(word) {
+                completions.push(Completion {
+                    completion: format!("{}{}", if top { ":" } else { "" }, cmd),
+                    display: Some(cmd.clone()),
+                    suffix: linefeed::complete::Suffix::Some(' ')
+                })
+              }
            }
+            break;
+          },
+          Some(s) => {
+            let new_ptr: Option<&CommandTree> = command_tree.and_then(|cm| match cm {
+              CommandTree::Top(children) => children.iter().find(|c| c.get_cmd() == s),
+              CommandTree::NonTerminal(_, children, _) => children.iter().find(|c| c.get_cmd() == s),
+              CommandTree::Terminal(_, _) => None,
+            });
+            command_tree = new_ptr;
+          }
        }
-        Some(completions)
+      }
+      Some(completions)
+    } else {
+      None
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct Repl {
+  options: EvalOptions,
+  languages: Vec<Box<ProgrammingLanguageInterface>>,
+  current_language_index: usize,
+  interpreter_directive_sigil: char,
+  line_reader: linefeed::interface::Interface<linefeed::terminal::DefaultTerminal>,
+}
+
+impl Repl {
+  fn new(languages: Vec<Box<ProgrammingLanguageInterface>>, initial_index: usize) -> Repl {
+    use linefeed::Interface;
+    let i = if initial_index < languages.len() { initial_index } else { 0 };
+
+    let line_reader = Interface::new("schala-repl").unwrap();
+
+    Repl {
+      options: Repl::get_options(),
+      languages: languages,
+      current_language_index: i,
+      interpreter_directive_sigil: ':',
+      line_reader
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn get_cur_language(&self) -> &ProgrammingLanguageInterface {
+    self.languages[self.current_language_index].as_ref()
+  }
+
+  fn get_options() -> EvalOptions {
+    File::open(".schala_repl")
+      .and_then(|mut file| {
+        let mut contents = String::new();
+        file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
+        Ok(contents)
+      })
+      .and_then(|contents| {
+        let options: EvalOptions = serde_json::from_str(&contents)?;
+        Ok(options)
+      }).unwrap_or(EvalOptions::default())
+  }
+
+  fn save_options(&self) {
+    let ref options = self.options;
+    let read = File::create(".schala_repl")
+      .and_then(|mut file| {
+        let buf = serde_json::to_string(options).unwrap();
+        file.write_all(buf.as_bytes())
+      });
+
+    if let Err(err) = read {
+      println!("Error saving .schala_repl file {}", err);
+    }
+  }
+
+  fn run(&mut self) {
+    use linefeed::ReadResult;
+
+    println!("Schala MetaInterpreter version {}", VERSION_STRING);
+    println!("Type {}help for help with the REPL", self.interpreter_directive_sigil);
+
+    self.line_reader.load_history(".schala_history").unwrap_or(());
+
+    loop {
+      let language_name = self.languages[self.current_language_index].get_language_name();
+      let directives = self.get_directives();
+      let tab_complete_handler = TabCompleteHandler::new(self.interpreter_directive_sigil, directives);
+      self.line_reader.set_completer(std::sync::Arc::new(tab_complete_handler));
+
+      let prompt_str = format!("{} >> ", language_name);
+      self.line_reader.set_prompt(&prompt_str);
+
+      match self.line_reader.read_line() {
+        Err(e) => {
+          println!("Terminal read error: {}", e);
+        },
+        Ok(ReadResult::Eof) => break,
+        Ok(ReadResult::Signal(_)) => break,
+        Ok(ReadResult::Input(ref input)) => {
+          self.line_reader.add_history_unique(input.to_string());
+          let output = match input.chars().nth(0) {
+            Some(ch) if ch == self.interpreter_directive_sigil => self.handle_interpreter_directive(input),
+            _ => Some(self.input_handler(input)),
+          };
+          if let Some(o) = output {
+            println!("=> {}", o);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    self.line_reader.save_history(".schala_history").unwrap_or(());
+    self.save_options();
+    println!("Exiting...");
+  }
+
+  fn input_handler(&mut self, input: &str) -> String {
+    let ref mut language = self.languages[self.current_language_index];
+    let interpreter_output = language.execute_pipeline(input, &self.options);
+    interpreter_output.to_repl()
+  }
+
+  fn get_directives(&self) -> CommandTree {
+    let ref passes = self.get_cur_language().get_passes();
+
+    let passes_directives: Vec<CommandTree> = passes.iter()
+      .map(|pass_descriptor| {
+        let name = &pass_descriptor.name;
+        if pass_descriptor.debug_options.len() == 0 {
+          CommandTree::term(name, None)
+        } else {
+          let sub_opts: Vec<CommandTree> = pass_descriptor.debug_options.iter()
+            .map(|o| CommandTree::term(o, None)).collect();
+          CommandTree::NonTerminal(
+            name.clone(),
+            sub_opts,
+            None
+          )
+        }
+      }).collect();
+
+    CommandTree::Top(vec![
+      CommandTree::term("exit", Some("exit the REPL")),
+      CommandTree::term("quit", Some("exit the REPL")),
+      CommandTree::term("help", Some("Print this help message")),
+      CommandTree::NonTerminal(format!("debug"), vec![
+        CommandTree::term("passes", None),
+        CommandTree::NonTerminal(format!("show"), passes_directives.clone(), None),
+        CommandTree::NonTerminal(format!("hide"), passes_directives.clone(), None),
+      ], Some(format!("show or hide pass info for a given pass, or display the names of all passes"))),
+      CommandTree::NonTerminal(format!("lang"), vec![
+        CommandTree::term("next", None),
+        CommandTree::term("prev", None),
+        CommandTree::NonTerminal(format!("go"), vec![], None)//TODO
+      ], Some(format!("switch between languages, or go directly to a langauge by name"))),
+    ])
+  }
+
+  fn handle_interpreter_directive(&mut self, input: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let mut iter = input.chars();
+    iter.next();
+    let commands: Vec<&str> = iter
+      .as_str()
+      .split_whitespace()
+      .collect();
+
+    let cmd: &str = match commands.get(0).clone() {
+      None => return None,
+      Some(s) => s
+    };
+
+    match cmd {
+      "exit" | "quit"  => {
+        self.save_options();
+        exit(0)
+      },
+      "lang" | "language" => match commands.get(1) {
+        Some(&"show") => {
+          let mut buf = String::new();
+          for (i, lang) in self.languages.iter().enumerate() {
+            write!(buf, "{}{}\n", if i == self.current_language_index { "* "} else { "" }, lang.get_language_name()).unwrap();
+          }
+          Some(buf)
+        },
+        Some(&"go") => match commands.get(2) {
+          None => Some(format!("Must specify a language name")),
+          Some(&desired_name) => {
+            for (i, _) in self.languages.iter().enumerate() {
+              let lang_name = self.languages[i].get_language_name();
+              if lang_name.to_lowercase() == desired_name.to_lowercase() {
+                self.current_language_index = i;
+                return Some(format!("Switching to {}", self.languages[self.current_language_index].get_language_name()));
+              }
+            }
+            Some(format!("Language {} not found", desired_name))
+          }
+        },
+        Some(&"next") | Some(&"n") => {
+          self.current_language_index = (self.current_language_index + 1) % self.languages.len();
+          Some(format!("Switching to {}", self.languages[self.current_language_index].get_language_name()))
+        },
+        Some(&"previous") | Some(&"p") | Some(&"prev") => { 
+          self.current_language_index = if self.current_language_index == 0 { self.languages.len() - 1 } else { self.current_language_index - 1 };
+          Some(format!("Switching to {}", self.languages[self.current_language_index].get_language_name()))
+        },
+        Some(e) => Some(format!("Bad `lang(uage)` argument: {}", e)),
+        None => Some(format!("Valid arguments for `lang(uage)` are `show`, `next`|`n`, `previous`|`prev`|`n`"))
+      },
+      "help" =>  {
+        let mut buf = String::new();
+        let ref lang = self.languages[self.current_language_index];
+        let directives = match self.get_directives() {
+            CommandTree::Top(children) => children,
+            _ => panic!("Top-level CommandTree not Top")
+        };
+
+        writeln!(buf, "MetaInterpreter options").unwrap();
+        writeln!(buf, "-----------------------").unwrap();
+
+        for directive in directives {
+          let trailer = " ";
+          writeln!(buf, "{}{}- {}", directive.get_cmd(), trailer, directive.get_help()).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        writeln!(buf, "").unwrap();
+        writeln!(buf, "Language-specific help for {}", lang.get_language_name()).unwrap();
+        writeln!(buf, "-----------------------").unwrap();
+        writeln!(buf, "{}", lang.custom_interpreter_directives_help()).unwrap();
+        Some(buf)
+      },
+      "debug" => self.handle_debug(commands),
+      e => self.languages[self.current_language_index]
+        .handle_custom_interpreter_directives(&commands)
+        .or(Some(format!("Unknown command: {}", e)))
+    }
+  }
+  fn handle_debug(&mut self, commands: Vec<&str>) -> Option<String> {
+    let passes = self.get_cur_language().get_passes();
+    match commands.get(1) {
+      Some(&"passes") => Some(
+        passes.into_iter()
+        .map(|desc| {
+          if self.options.debug_passes.contains_key(&desc.name) {
+            let color = "green";
+            format!("*{}", desc.name.color(color))
+          } else {
+            desc.name 
+          }
+        })
+        .intersperse(format!(" -> "))
+        .collect()),
+      b @ Some(&"show") | b @ Some(&"hide") => {
+        let show = b == Some(&"show");
+        let debug_pass: String = match commands.get(2) {
+          Some(s) => s.to_string(),
+          None => return Some(format!("Must specify a stage to debug")),
+        };
+        let pass_opt = commands.get(3);
+        if let Some(desc) = passes.iter().find(|desc| desc.name == debug_pass) {
+          let mut opts = vec![];
+          if let Some(opt) = pass_opt {
+            opts.push(opt.to_string());
+          }
+          let msg = format!("{} debug for pass {}", if show { "Enabling" } else { "Disabling" }, debug_pass);
+          if show {
+            self.options.debug_passes.insert(desc.name.clone(), PassDebugOptionsDescriptor { opts });
+          } else {
+            self.options.debug_passes.remove(&desc.name);
+          }
+          Some(msg)
+        } else {
+          Some(format!("Couldn't find stage: {}", debug_pass))
+        }
+      },
+      _ => Some(format!("Unknown debug command"))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+pub fn compilation_sequence(llvm_code: LLVMCodeString, sourcefile: &str) {
+    use std::process::Command;
+
+    let ll_filename = "out.ll";
+    let obj_filename = "out.o";
+    let q: Vec<&str> = sourcefile.split('.').collect();
+    let bin_filename = match &q[..] {
+        &[name, "maaru"] => name,
+        _ => panic!("Bad filename {}", sourcefile),
+    };
+
+    let LLVMCodeString(llvm_str) = llvm_code;
+
+    println!("Compilation process finished for {}", ll_filename);
+    File::create(ll_filename)
+        .and_then(|mut f| f.write_all(llvm_str.as_bytes()))
+        .expect("Error writing file");
+
+    let llc_output = Command::new("llc")
+        .args(&["-filetype=obj", ll_filename, "-o", obj_filename])
+        .output()
+        .expect("Failed to run llc");
+
+
+    if !llc_output.status.success() {
+        println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&llc_output.stderr));
+    }
+
+    let gcc_output = Command::new("gcc")
+        .args(&["-o", bin_filename, &obj_filename])
+        .output()
+        .expect("failed to run gcc");
+
+    if !gcc_output.status.success() {
+        println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&gcc_output.stdout));
+        println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&gcc_output.stderr));
+    }
+
+    for filename in [obj_filename].iter() {
+        Command::new("rm")
+            .arg(filename)
+            .output()
+            .expect(&format!("failed to run rm {}", filename));
    }
 }
+*/
+
+fn program_options() -> getopts::Options {
+  let mut options = getopts::Options::new();
+  options.optopt("s",
+                 "eval-style",
+                 "Specify whether to compile (if supported) or interpret the language. If not specified, the default is language-specific",
+                 "[compile|interpret]"
+                 );
+  options.optflag("",
+                  "list-languages",
+                  "Show a list of all supported languages");
+  options.optopt("l",
+                 "lang",
+                 "Start up REPL in a language",
+                 "LANGUAGE");
+  options.optflag("h",
+                  "help",
+                  "Show help text");
+  options.optflag("w",
+                  "webapp",
+                  "Start up web interpreter");
+  options.optopt("d",
+                  "debug",
+                  "Debug a stage (l = tokenizer, a = AST, r = parse trace, s = symbol table)",
+                  "[l|a|r|s]");
+  options
+}
--- a/schala-repl/src/llvm_wrap.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/llvm_wrap.rs
@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+extern crate llvm_sys;
+
+use self::llvm_sys::{LLVMIntPredicate, LLVMRealPredicate};
+use self::llvm_sys::prelude::*;
+use self::llvm_sys::core;
+use std::ptr;
+use std::ffi::{CString, CStr};
+use std::os::raw::c_char;
+
+pub fn create_context() -> LLVMContextRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMContextCreate() }
+}
+pub fn module_create_with_name(name: &str) -> LLVMModuleRef {
+    unsafe {
+        let n = name.as_ptr() as *const _;
+        core::LLVMModuleCreateWithName(n)
+    }
+}
+pub fn CreateBuilderInContext(context: LLVMContextRef) -> LLVMBuilderRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMCreateBuilderInContext(context) }
+}
+
+pub fn AppendBasicBlockInContext(context: LLVMContextRef,
+                                 function: LLVMValueRef,
+                                 name: &str)
+                                 -> LLVMBasicBlockRef {
+    let c_name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMAppendBasicBlockInContext(context, function, c_name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn AddFunction(module: LLVMModuleRef, name: &str, function_type: LLVMTypeRef) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let c_name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMAddFunction(module, c_name.as_ptr(), function_type) }
+}
+
+pub fn FunctionType(return_type: LLVMTypeRef,
+                    mut param_types: Vec<LLVMTypeRef>,
+                    is_var_rag: bool)
+                    -> LLVMTypeRef {
+    let len = param_types.len();
+    unsafe {
+        let pointer = param_types.as_mut_ptr();
+        core::LLVMFunctionType(return_type,
+                               pointer,
+                               len as u32,
+                               if is_var_rag { 1 } else { 0 })
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn GetNamedFunction(module: LLVMModuleRef,
+                        name: &str) -> Option<LLVMValueRef> {
+
+    let c_name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    let ret = unsafe { core::LLVMGetNamedFunction(module, c_name.as_ptr()) };
+
+    if ret.is_null() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(ret)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn VoidTypeInContext(context: LLVMContextRef) -> LLVMTypeRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMVoidTypeInContext(context) }
+}
+
+pub fn DisposeBuilder(builder: LLVMBuilderRef) {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMDisposeBuilder(builder) }
+}
+
+pub fn DisposeModule(module: LLVMModuleRef) {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMDisposeModule(module) }
+}
+
+pub fn ContextDispose(context: LLVMContextRef) {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMContextDispose(context) }
+}
+
+pub fn PositionBuilderAtEnd(builder: LLVMBuilderRef, basic_block: LLVMBasicBlockRef) {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(builder, basic_block) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildRet(builder: LLVMBuilderRef, val: LLVMValueRef) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildRet(builder, val) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildRetVoid(builder: LLVMBuilderRef) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildRetVoid(builder) }
+}
+
+pub fn DumpModule(module: LLVMModuleRef) {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMDumpModule(module) }
+}
+
+pub fn Int64TypeInContext(context: LLVMContextRef) -> LLVMTypeRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMInt64TypeInContext(context) }
+}
+
+pub fn ConstInt(int_type: LLVMTypeRef, n: u64, sign_extend: bool) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMConstInt(int_type, n, if sign_extend { 1 } else { 0 }) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildAdd(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                lhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                rhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                reg_name: &str)
+                -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(reg_name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildAdd(builder, lhs, rhs, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildSub(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                lhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                rhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                reg_name: &str)
+                -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(reg_name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildSub(builder, lhs, rhs, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildMul(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                lhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                rhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                reg_name: &str)
+                -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(reg_name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildMul(builder, lhs, rhs, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildUDiv(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                 lhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                 rhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                 reg_name: &str)
+                 -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(reg_name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildUDiv(builder, lhs, rhs, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildSRem(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                 lhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                 rhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                 reg_name: &str)
+                 -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(reg_name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildSRem(builder, lhs, rhs, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildCondBr(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                   if_expr: LLVMValueRef,
+                   then_expr: LLVMBasicBlockRef,
+                   else_expr: LLVMBasicBlockRef) -> LLVMValueRef {
+
+
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildCondBr(builder, if_expr, then_expr, else_expr) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildBr(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+               dest: LLVMBasicBlockRef) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildBr(builder, dest) }
+}
+
+pub fn GetInsertBlock(builder: LLVMBuilderRef) -> LLVMBasicBlockRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMGetInsertBlock(builder) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildPhi(builder: LLVMBuilderRef, ty: LLVMTypeRef, name: &str) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildPhi(builder, ty, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn SetValueName(value: LLVMValueRef, name: &str) {
+    let name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    unsafe {
+        core::LLVMSetValueName(value, name.as_ptr())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn GetValueName(value: LLVMValueRef) -> String {
+    unsafe { 
+        let name_ptr: *const c_char = core::LLVMGetValueName(value);
+        CStr::from_ptr(name_ptr).to_string_lossy().into_owned()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn GetParams(function: LLVMValueRef) -> Vec<LLVMValueRef> {
+    let size = CountParams(function);
+    unsafe {
+        let mut container = Vec::with_capacity(size);
+        container.set_len(size);
+        core::LLVMGetParams(function, container.as_mut_ptr());
+        container
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn CountParams(function: LLVMValueRef) -> usize {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMCountParams(function) as usize }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildFCmp(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                 op: LLVMRealPredicate,
+                 lhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                 rhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                 name: &str) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildFCmp(builder, op, lhs, rhs, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildZExt(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                       val: LLVMValueRef,
+                       dest_type: LLVMTypeRef,
+                       name: &str) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildZExt(builder, val, dest_type, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildUIToFP(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                       val: LLVMValueRef,
+                       dest_type: LLVMTypeRef,
+                       name: &str) -> LLVMValueRef {
+
+    let name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildUIToFP(builder, val, dest_type, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn BuildICmp(builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
+                 op: LLVMIntPredicate,
+                 lhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                 rhs: LLVMValueRef,
+                 name: &str) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    let name = CString::new(name).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMBuildICmp(builder, op, lhs, rhs, name.as_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub fn GetBasicBlockParent(block: LLVMBasicBlockRef) -> LLVMValueRef {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMGetBasicBlockParent(block) }
+}
+
+pub fn GetBasicBlocks(function: LLVMValueRef) -> Vec<LLVMBasicBlockRef> {
+    let size = CountBasicBlocks(function);
+    unsafe { 
+        let mut container = Vec::with_capacity(size);
+        container.set_len(size);
+        core::LLVMGetBasicBlocks(function, container.as_mut_ptr());
+        container
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn CountBasicBlocks(function: LLVMValueRef) -> usize {
+    unsafe { core::LLVMCountBasicBlocks(function) as usize }
+}
+
+pub fn PrintModuleToString(module: LLVMModuleRef) -> String {
+    unsafe {
+        let str_ptr: *const c_char = core::LLVMPrintModuleToString(module);
+        CStr::from_ptr(str_ptr).to_string_lossy().into_owned()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn AddIncoming(phi_node: LLVMValueRef, mut incoming_values: Vec<LLVMValueRef>,
+                   mut incoming_blocks: Vec<LLVMBasicBlockRef>) {
+
+    let count = incoming_blocks.len() as u32;
+    if incoming_values.len() as u32 != count {
+        panic!("Bad invocation of AddIncoming");
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        let vals = incoming_values.as_mut_ptr();
+        let blocks = incoming_blocks.as_mut_ptr();
+        core::LLVMAddIncoming(phi_node, vals, blocks, count)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn PrintModuleToFile(module: LLVMModuleRef, filename: &str) -> LLVMBool {
+    let out_file = CString::new(filename).unwrap();
+    unsafe { core::LLVMPrintModuleToFile(module, out_file.as_ptr(), ptr::null_mut()) }
+}
--- a/schala-repl/src/repl_options.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/repl_options.rs
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::HashSet,
-    fs::File,
-    io::{self, Read, Write},
-};
-
-use crate::language::DebugAsk;
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct ReplOptions {
-    pub debug_asks: HashSet<DebugAsk>,
-    pub show_total_time: bool,
-    pub show_stage_times: bool,
-}
-
-impl ReplOptions {
-    pub fn new() -> ReplOptions {
-        ReplOptions { debug_asks: HashSet::new(), show_total_time: true, show_stage_times: false }
-    }
-
-    pub fn save_to_file(&self, filename: &str) {
-        let res = File::create(filename).and_then(|mut file| {
-            let buf = crate::serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap();
-            file.write_all(buf.as_bytes())
-        });
-        if let Err(err) = res {
-            eprintln!("Error saving {} file {}", filename, err);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_from_file(filename: &str) -> Result<ReplOptions, io::Error> {
-        File::open(filename)
-            .and_then(|mut file| {
-                let mut contents = String::new();
-                file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
-                Ok(contents)
-            })
-            .and_then(|contents| {
-                let output: ReplOptions = crate::serde_json::from_str(&contents)?;
-                Ok(output)
-            })
-    }
-}
--- a/schala-repl/src/response.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/response.rs
@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-use std::{fmt, fmt::Write};
-
-use colored::*;
-
-use crate::{
-    language::{ComputationResponse, DebugAsk},
-    ReplOptions,
-};
-
-pub struct ReplResponse {
-    label: Option<String>,
-    text: String,
-    color: Option<Color>,
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for ReplResponse {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        let mut buf = String::new();
-        if let Some(ref label) = self.label {
-            write!(buf, "({})", label).unwrap();
-        }
-        write!(buf, "=> {}", self.text).unwrap();
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "{}",
-            match self.color {
-                Some(c) => buf.color(c),
-                None => buf.normal(),
-            }
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn handle_computation_response(
-    response: ComputationResponse,
-    options: &ReplOptions,
-) -> Vec<ReplResponse> {
-    let mut responses = vec![];
-
-    if options.show_total_time {
-        responses.push(ReplResponse {
-            label: Some("Total time".to_string()),
-            text: format!("{:?}", response.global_output_stats.total_duration),
-            color: None,
-        });
-    }
-
-    if options.show_stage_times {
-        responses.push(ReplResponse {
-            label: Some("Stage times".to_string()),
-            text: format!("{:?}", response.global_output_stats.stage_durations),
-            color: None,
-        });
-    }
-
-    for debug_resp in response.debug_responses {
-        let stage_name = match debug_resp.ask {
-            DebugAsk::ByStage { stage_name, .. } => stage_name,
-            _ => continue,
-        };
-        responses.push(ReplResponse {
-            label: Some(stage_name.to_string()),
-            text: debug_resp.value,
-            color: Some(Color::Red),
-        });
-    }
-
-    responses.push(match response.main_output {
-        Ok(s) => ReplResponse { label: None, text: s, color: None },
-        Err(e) => ReplResponse { label: Some("Error".to_string()), text: e, color: Some(Color::Red) },
-    });
-
-    responses
-}
--- a/schala-repl/src/webapp.rs
+++ b/schala-repl/src/webapp.rs
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use rocket;
+use rocket::State;
+use rocket::response::Content;
+use rocket::http::ContentType;
+use rocket_contrib::Json;
+use language::{ProgrammingLanguageInterface, EvalOptions};
+use WEBFILES;
+use ::PLIGenerator;
+
+#[get("/")]
+fn index() -> Content<String> {
+  let path = "static/index.html";
+  let html_contents = String::from_utf8(WEBFILES.get(path).unwrap().into_owned()).unwrap();
+  Content(ContentType::HTML, html_contents)
+}
+
+#[get("/bundle.js")]
+fn js_bundle() -> Content<String> {
+  let path = "static/bundle.js";
+  let js_contents = String::from_utf8(WEBFILES.get(path).unwrap().into_owned()).unwrap();
+  Content(ContentType::JavaScript, js_contents)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct Input {
+  source: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct Output {
+  text: String,
+}
+
+#[post("/input", format = "application/json", data = "<input>")]
+fn interpreter_input(input: Json<Input>, generators: State<Vec<PLIGenerator>>) -> Json<Output> {
+  let schala_gen = generators.get(0).unwrap();
+  let mut schala: Box<ProgrammingLanguageInterface> = schala_gen();
+  let code_output = schala.execute_pipeline(&input.source, &EvalOptions::default());
+  Json(Output { text: code_output.to_repl() })
+}
+
+pub fn web_main(language_generators: Vec<PLIGenerator>) {
+  rocket::ignite().manage(language_generators).mount("/", routes![index, js_bundle, interpreter_input]).launch();
+}
--- a/source_files/schala/first_program.schala
+++ b/source_files/schala/first_program.schala
@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 fn main() {
-  let a = 10
-  let b = 20
+  const a = 10
+  const b = 20
  a + b
 }

-//this is a one-line comment
-
-/* this is
-a multiline
-comment
-*/
+//foo

 print(main())

--- a/source_files/schala/syntax_playground.schala
+++ b/source_files/schala/syntax_playground.schala
@ -6,37 +6,36 @@ fn main() {

 }

-
-@annotations use the @ sigil
+@annotations are with @-

 // variable expressions
-  //variable declaration works like Rust
-  let a: I32 = 20
-  let mut b: String = 20
+  var a: I32 = 20
+  const b: String = 20

  there(); can(); be(); multiple(); statements(); per_line();

  //string interpolation
-  // maybe
-  let yolo = "I have ${a + b} people in my house"
+  const yolo = "I have ${a + b} people in my house"

-  // let expressions
+  // let expressions ??? not sure if I want this
  let a = 10, b = 20, c = 30 in a + b + c

  //list literal
-  let q = [1,2,3,4]
+  const q = [1,2,3,4]

-  //lambda literal - uses haskell-ish syntax
-  q.map(\(item) { item * 100 })
+  //lambda literal 
+  q.map({|item| item * 100 })

  fn yolo(a: MyType, b: YourType): ReturnType<Param1, Param2> {
    if a == 20 {
      return "early"
    }
+    var sex = 20
+    sex
  }

+
 /* for/while loop topics */
-//TODO I can probably get away with having one of `for`, `while`

   //infinite loop
   while {
@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ fn main() {
  //monadic decomposition
  for {
    a <- maybeInt();
-    s <- foo()
+    s <- foo() 
  } return {
    a + s
  } //return type is Monad<return type of block>
@ -71,13 +70,13 @@ fn main() {

 /* conditionals/pattern matching */

-// `is` functions as an operator asking "does this pattern match"
+// "is" operator for "does this pattern match"

 x is Some(t) // type bool

 if x {
  is Some(t) => {
-  }
+  },
  is None => {

  }
@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ if x {
 //syntax is, I guess, for <expr> <brace-block>, where <expr> is a bool, or a <arrow-expr>

 // type level alises
- type alias <name> = <other type> #maybe thsi should be 'alias'?
+ typealias <name> = <other type> #maybe thsi should be 'alias'?

 /*
 what if type A = B meant that you could had to create A's with A(B), but when you used A's the interface was exactly like B's?
@ -95,12 +94,12 @@ what if type A = B meant that you could had to create A's with A(B), but when yo
 */

 //declaring types of all stripes
- type MyData = { a: i32, b: String } // shorthand special-case for `type MyData = MyData { a: i32, b: String }`
+ type MyData = { a: i32, b: String }
 type MyType = MyType
 type Option<a> = None | Some(a)
 type Signal = Absence | SimplePresence(i32) | ComplexPresence {a: i32, b: MyCustomData}

- //traits TODO I probably want to rename this
+ //traits
 
 trait Bashable { }
 trait Luggable {
@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ what if type A = B meant that you could had to create A's with A(B), but when yo

 }

-// lambdas - maybe I want to use ruby-style (not rust style) syntax
-// e.g.
-// Also TODO Nix uses `X: Y: Z` for in its value-level syntax, why can't I?
-let a: X -> Y -> Z = {|x,y|  }
+
+// lambdas
+// ruby-style not rust-style
+const a: X -> Y -> Z = {|x,y|  }
--- a/source_files/schala/test.schala
+++ b/source_files/schala/test.schala
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ fn sua(x): Int {
 }


-//let a = getline()
+//const a = getline()

 /*
 if a == "true" {
--- a/source_files/schala/does_scope_work.schala
+++ b/source_files/schala/does_scope_work.schala
@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-let c = 10
+
+const c = 10

 fn add(a, b) {
-  let c = a + b
+  const c = a + b
  c
 }

-let mut b = 20
+var b = 20

 println(add(1,2))
 println(c + b)
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@ -1,71 +1,20 @@
-use std::{collections::HashSet, fs::File, io::Read, path::PathBuf, process::exit};
+extern crate schala_repl;

-use schala_lang::{Schala, SchalaConfig};
-use schala_repl::{ComputationRequest, ProgrammingLanguageInterface, Repl};
+extern crate maaru_lang;
+extern crate rukka_lang;
+extern crate robo_lang;
+extern crate schala_lang;
+use schala_repl::{PLIGenerator, repl_main};
+
+extern { }

-//TODO specify multiple langs, and have a way to switch between them
 fn main() {
-    let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect();
-    let matches = command_line_options().parse(&args[1..]).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-        eprintln!("Error parsing options: {}", e);
-        exit(1);
-    });
-
-    if matches.opt_present("help") {
-        println!("{}", command_line_options().usage("Schala metainterpreter"));
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    if matches.free.is_empty() {
-        let state = Schala::new();
-        let mut repl = Repl::new(state);
-        let config = SchalaConfig { repl: true };
-        repl.run_repl(config);
-    } else {
-        let paths: Vec<PathBuf> = matches.free.iter().map(PathBuf::from).collect();
-        //TODO handle more than one file
-        let filename = &paths[0];
-        let extension = filename.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            eprintln!("Source file `{}` has no extension.", filename.display());
-            exit(1);
-        });
-
-        //TODO this proably should be a macro for every supported language
-        if extension == Schala::source_file_suffix() {
-            let config = SchalaConfig { repl: false };
-
-            run_noninteractive(paths, Schala::new(), config);
-        } else {
-            eprintln!("Extension .{} not recognized", extension);
-            exit(1);
-        }
-    }
+  let generators: Vec<PLIGenerator> = vec![
+    Box::new(|| { Box::new(schala_lang::Schala::new())}),
+    Box::new(|| { Box::new(maaru_lang::Maaru::new())}),
+    Box::new(|| { Box::new(robo_lang::Robo::new())}),
+    Box::new(|| { Box::new(rukka_lang::Rukka::new())}),
+  ];
+  repl_main(generators);
 }

-pub fn run_noninteractive<L: ProgrammingLanguageInterface>(
-    filenames: Vec<PathBuf>,
-    mut language: L,
-    config: L::Config,
-) {
-    // for now, ony do something with the first filename
-
-    let filename = &filenames[0];
-    let mut source_file = File::open(filename).unwrap();
-    let mut buffer = String::new();
-    source_file.read_to_string(&mut buffer).unwrap();
-
-    let request = ComputationRequest { source: &buffer, config, debug_requests: HashSet::new() };
-
-    let response = language.run_computation(request);
-    match response.main_output {
-        Ok(s) => println!("{}", s),
-        Err(s) => eprintln!("{}", s),
-    };
-}
-
-fn command_line_options() -> getopts::Options {
-    let mut options = getopts::Options::new();
-    options.optflag("h", "help", "Show help text");
-    //options.optflag("w", "webapp", "Start up web interpreter");
-    options
-}