242 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
242 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
#import "leipzig-gloss.typ": gloss, numbered_gloss, gloss_count
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#import "linguistic-abbreviations.typ": *
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#show link: x => underline[*#x*]
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//#show raw: x => text(fill: rgb("#43464b"))[#x]
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#let codeblock(contents) = block(fill: luma(230), inset: 8pt, radius: 4pt, breakable: false, contents)
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= Introduction
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Interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses are common in linguistic texts to give
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information about the meanings of individual words and morphemes in the
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language being studied. A set of conventions called the *Leipzig Glossing Rules*
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was developed to give linguists a general set of standards and principles for
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how to format these glosses. The most recent version of these rules can be
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found in PDF form at
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#link("https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/pdf/Glossing-Rules.pdf")[this link],
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provided by the Department of Linguistics at the Max Planck Institute for
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Evolutionary Anthropology.
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There is a staggering variety of LaTex packages designed to properly align and
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format glosses (including `gb4e`, `ling-macros`, `linguex`, `expex`, and
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probably even more). These modules vary in the complexity of their syntax and
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the amount of control they give to the user of various aspects of formatting.
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The `typst-leipzig-glossing` module is designed to provide utilities for
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creating aligned Leipzig-style glosses in Typst, while keeping the syntax as
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intuitive as possible and allowing users as much control over how their glosses
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look as is feasible.
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This PDF will show examples of the module's functionality and detail relevant
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parameters. For more information or to inform devs of a bug or other issue,
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visit the module's Github repository
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#link("https://github.com/neunenak/typst-leipzig-glossing")[neunenak/typst-leipzig-glossing].
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= Basic glossing functionality
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As a first example, here is a gloss of a text in Georgian, along with the Typst code used to generate it:
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#gloss(
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header_text: [from "Georgian and the Unaccusative Hypothesis", Alice Harris, 1982],
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source_text: ([ბავშვ-ი], [ატირდა]),
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transliteration: ([bavšv-i], [aṭirda]),
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morphemes: ([child-#smallcaps[nom]], [3S/cry/#smallcaps[incho]/II]),
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translation: [The child burst out crying],
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)
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#codeblock[
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```typst
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#gloss(
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header_text: [from "Georgian and the Unaccusative Hypothesis", Alice Harris, 1982],
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source_text: ([ბავშვ-ი], [ატირდა]),
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transliteration: ([bavšv-i], [aṭirda]),
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morphemes: ([child-#smallcaps[nom]], [3S/cry/#smallcaps[incho]/II]),
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translation: [The child burst out crying],
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)
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```
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]
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And an example for English which exhibits some additional styling, and uses imports from another file
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for common glossing abbreviations:
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#gloss(
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source_text: ([I'm], [eat-ing], [your], [head]),
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source_text_style: (item) => text(fill: red)[#item],
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morphemes: ([1#sg.#sbj\=to.be], [eat-#prog], [2#sg.#pos], [head]),
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morphemes_style: text.with(fill: blue),
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translation: text(weight: "semibold")[I'm eating your head!],
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)
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#codeblock(
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[```typst
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#import "linguistic-abbreviations.typ": *
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#gloss(
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source_text: ([I'm], [eat-ing], [your], [head]),
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source_text_style: (item) => text(fill: red)[#item],
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morphemes: ([1#sg.#subj\=to.be], [eat-#prog], [2#sg.#pos], [head]),
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morphemes_style: text.with(fill: blue),
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translation: text(weight: "semibold")[I'm eating your head!],
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)
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```])
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The `#gloss` function has three pre-defined parameters for glossing levels:
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`source_text`, `transliteration`, and `morphemes`. It also has two parameters
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for unaligned text: `header_text` for text that precedes the gloss, and
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`translation` for text that follows the gloss.
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If one wishes to add more than three glossing lines, there is an additional
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parameter `additional_gloss_lines` that can take a list of arbitrarily many more glossing
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lines, which will appear below those specified in the aforementioned
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parameters:
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#gloss(
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header_text: [Hunzib (van den Berg 1995:46)],
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source_text: ([ождиг],[хо#super[н]хе],[мукъер]),
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transliteration: ([oʒdig],[χõχe],[muqʼer]),
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morphemes: ([ož-di-g],[xõxe],[m-uq'e-r]),
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additional_gloss_lines: (
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([boy-#smallcaps[obl]-#smallcaps[ad]], [tree(#smallcaps[g4])], [#smallcaps[g4]-bend-#smallcaps[pret]]),
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([at boy], [tree], [bent]),
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),
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translation: ["Because of the boy, the tree bent."]
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)
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#codeblock(
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[```typst
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#gloss(
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header_text: [Hunzib (van den Berg 1995:46)],
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source_text: ([ождиг],[хо#super[н]хе],[мукъер]),
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transliteration: ([oʒdig],[χõχe],[muqʼer]),
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morphemes: ([ož-di-g],[xõxe],[m-uq'e-r]),
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additional_gloss_lines: (
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([boy-#smallcaps[obl]-#smallcaps[ad]], [tree(#smallcaps[g4])], [#smallcaps[g4]-bend-#smallcaps[pret]]),
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([at boy], [tree], [bent]),
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),
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translation: ["Because of the boy, the tree bent."]
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)
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```])
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To number gloss examples, use `#numbered_gloss` in place of `gloss`. All other parameters remain the same.
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#numbered_gloss(
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source_text: ([გვ-ფრცქვნ-ი],),
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source_text_style: none,
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transliteration: ([gv-prtskvn-i],),
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morphemes: ([1#pl.#obj\-peel-#fmnt],),
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translation: "You peeled us",
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)
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#codeblock[
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```typst
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#import "linguistic-abbreviations.typ": *
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#gloss(
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source_text: ([გვ-ფრცქვნ-ი],),
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source_text_style: none,
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transliteration: ([gv-prtskvn-i],),
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morphemes: ([1#pl.#obj\-peel-#fmnt],),
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translation: "You peeled us",
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```)]
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The displayed number for numbered glosses is iterated for each numbered gloss
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that appears throughout the document. Unnumbered glosses do not increment the
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counter for the numbered glosses.
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The gloss count is controlled by the Typst counter variable `gloss_count`. This
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variable can be imported from the `leipzig-gloss` package and reset using the
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standard Typst counter functions to control gloss numbering.
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== Further Example Glosses
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These example glosses replicate the ones given in
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#link("https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/pdf/Glossing-Rules.pdf").
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#{
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gloss_count.update(0)
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}
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [Indonesian (Sneddon 1996:237)],
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source_text: ([Mereka], [di], [Jakarta], [sekarang.]),
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morphemes: ([they], [in], [Jakarta], [now]),
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translation: "They are in Jakarta now",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [Lezgian (Haspelmath 1993:207)],
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source_text: ([Gila], [abur-u-n], [ferma], [hamišaluǧ], [güǧüna], [amuq’-da-č.]),
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morphemes: ([now], [they-#obl\-#gen], [farm], [forever], [behind], [stay-#fut\-#neg]),
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translation: "Now their farm will not stay behind forever.",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [West Greenlandic (Fortescue 1984:127)],
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source_text: ([palasi=lu], [niuirtur=lu]),
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morphemes: ([priest=and], [shopkeeper=and]),
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translation: "both the priest and the shopkeeper",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [Hakha Lai],
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source_text: ([a-nii -láay],),
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morphemes: ([3#sg\-laugh-#fut],),
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translation: [s/he will laugh],
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [Russian],
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source_text: ([My], [s], [Marko], [poexa-l-i], [avtobus-om], [v], [Peredelkino]),
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morphemes: ([1#pl], [#com], [Marko], [go-#pst\-#pl], [bus-#ins], [#all], [Peredelkino]),
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additional_gloss_lines: (([we], [with], [Marko], [go-#pst\-#pl], [bus-by], [to], [Peredelkino]),),
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translation: "Marko and I went to Perdelkino by bus",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [Turkish],
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source_text: ([çık-mak],),
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morphemes: ([come.out-#inf],),
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translation: "to come out",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [Latin],
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source_text: ([insul-arum],),
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morphemes: ([island-#gen\-#pl],),
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translation: "of the islands",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [French],
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source_text: ([aux], [chevaux]),
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morphemes: ([to-#art\-#pl],[horse.#pl]),
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translation: "to the horses",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [German],
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source_text: ([unser-n], [Väter-n]),
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morphemes: ([our-#dat\-#pl],[father.#pl\-#dat.#pl]),
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translation: "to our fathers",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [Hittite (Lehmann 1982:211)],
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source_text: ([n=an], [apedani], [mehuni],[essandu.]),
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morphemes: ([#smallcaps[conn]=him], [that.#dat.#sg], [time.#dat.#sg], [eat.they.shall]),
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translation: "They shall celebrate him on that date",
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)
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#numbered_gloss(
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header_text: [Jaminjung (Schultze-Berndt 2000:92)],
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source_text: ([nanggayan], [guny-bi-yarluga?]),
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morphemes: ([who], [2#du.#A.3#sg.#P\-#fut\-poke]),
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translation: "Who do you two want to spear?",
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)
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